Estudio del polimorfismo de los genes de interferón

Fil: Rozenblum, Ester. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina

Different Array CGH profiles within hereditary breast cancer tumors associated to BRCA1 expression and overall survival

Background: Array CGH analysis of breast tumors has contributed to the identification of different genomic profiles in these tumors. Loss of DNA repair by BRCA1 functional deficiency in breast cancer has been proposed as a relevant contribution to breast cancer progression for tumors with no germline mutation. Identifying the genomic alterations taking place in BRCA1 not expressing tumors will lead us to a better understanding of the cellular functions affected in this heterogeneous disease. Moreover, specific genomic alterations may contribute to the identification of potential therapeutic targets and offer a more personalized treatment to breast cancer patients

Novel near-diploid ovarian cancer cell line derived from a highly aneuploid metastatic ovarian tumor

<div><p>A new ovarian near-diploid cell line, OVDM1, was derived from a highly aneuploid serous ovarian metastatic adenocarcinoma. A metastatic tumor was obtained from a 47-year-old Ashkenazi Jewish patient three years after the first surgery removed the primary tumor, both ovaries, and the remaining reproductive organs. OVDM1 was characterized by cell morphology, genotyping, tumorigenic assay, mycoplasma testing, spectral karyotyping (SKY), and molecular profiling of the whole genome by aCGH and gene expression microarray. Targeted sequencing of a panel of cancer-related genes was also performed. Hierarchical clustering of gene expression data clearly confirmed the ovarian origin of the cell line. OVDM1 has a near-diploid karyotype with a low-level aneuploidy, but samples of the original metastatic tumor were grossly aneuploid. A number of single nucleotide variations (SNVs)/mutations were detected in OVDM1 and the metastatic tumor samples. Some of them were cancer-related according to COSMIC and HGMD databases (no founder mutations in <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> have been found). A large number of focal copy number alterations (FCNAs) were detected, including homozygous deletions (HDs) targeting <i>WWOX</i> and <i>GATA4</i>. Progression of OVDM1 from early to late passages was accompanied by preservation of the near-diploid status, acquisition of only few additional large chromosomal rearrangements and more than 100 new small FCNAs. Most of newly acquired FCNAs seem to be related to localized but massive DNA fragmentation (chromothripsis-like rearrangements). Newly developed near-diploid OVDM1 cell line offers an opportunity to evaluate tumorigenesis pathways/events in a minor clone of metastatic ovarian adenocarcinoma as well as mechanisms of chromothripsis.</p></div

MC1R variants increase risk of melanomas harboring BRAF mutations

Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) variants have been associated with BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1) mutations in non-CSD (chronic solar-damaged) melanomas in an Italian and an American population. We studied an independent Italian population of 330 subjects (165 melanoma patients and 165 controls) to verify and estimate the magnitude of this association and to explore possible effect modifiers. We sequenced MC1R in all subjects and exon 15 of BRAF in 92/165 melanoma patients. Patients with MC1R variants had a high risk of carrying BRAF mutations in melanomas (odds ratio (OR)=7.0, 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.1-23.8) that increased with the number of MC1R variants and variants associated with red hair color. Combining these subjects with the originally reported Italian population (513 subjects overall), MC1R variant carriers had a 5- to 15-fold increased risk of BRAF-mutant melanomas based on carrying one or two variants (P<0.0001, test for trend), and regardless of signs of chronic solar damage. In contrast, no association with BRAF-negative melanomas was found (OR=1.0, 95% CI=0.6-1.6). No characteristics of subjects or melanomas, including age, nevus count, pigmentation, and melanoma thickness or location on chronically or intermittently sun-exposed body sites, substantially modified this association, although results could be affected by the small numbers in some categories. This study confirms that the known MC1R-melanoma risk association is confined to subjects whose melanomas harbor BRAF mutations

A genomic map of a 6-Mb region at 13q21-q22 implicated in cancer development: identification and characterization of candidate genes

To access publisher full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links fieldChromosomal region 13q21-q22 harbors a putative breast cancer susceptibility gene and has been implicated as a common site for somatic deletions in a variety of malignant tumors. We have built a complete physical clone contig for a region between D13S1308 and AFM220YE9 based on 18 yeast artificial chromosome and 81 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones linked together by 22 genetic markers and 61 other sequence tagged sites. Combining data from 47 sequenced BACs (as of June 2001), we have assembled in silico an integrated 5.7-Mb genomic map with 90% sequence coverage. This area contains eight known genes, two hypothetical proteins, 24 additional Unigene clusters, and approximately 100 predicted genes and exons. We have determined the cDNA and genomic sequence, and tissue expression profiles for the KIAA1008 protein (homologous to the yeast mitotic control protein dis3+), KLF12 (AP-2 repressor), progesterone induced blocking factor 1, zinc finger transcription factor KLF5, and LIM domain only-7, and for the hypothetical proteins FLJ22624 and FLJ21869. Mutation screening of the five known genes in 19 breast cancer families has revealed numerous polymorphisms, but no deleterious mutations. These data provide a basis and resources for further analyses of this chromosomal region in the development of cancer

Whole chromosome gains and losses and number of FCNAs in tumor sample MT1 and OVDM1 cell line (early, intermediate, and late passages).

<p>Whole chromosome gains and losses and number of FCNAs in tumor sample MT1 and OVDM1 cell line (early, intermediate, and late passages).</p

Summary of sequence variants (SV) found in 197 cancer-related genes in tumor sample MT1 and OVDM1 cell line.

<p>Summary of sequence variants (SV) found in 197 cancer-related genes in tumor sample MT1 and OVDM1 cell line.</p