Helicobacter Pylori: aportación al estudio microbiológico, epidemiológico y patogénico

Con este estudio se pretende conocer el diagnostico de la infeccion por H. pylori asi como su prevalencia en los pacientes con patologia gastrica y poblacion sana de nuestro medio. Las conclusiones que se pueden extraer son: - H. pylori se asocia significativamente con la existencia de inflamacion cronica antral y ulcera peptica, siendo la prevalencia en los pacientes con sintomatologia gastrica del 80%. - Para el aislamiento de H. pylori es necesario utilizar medios de cultivo selectivos, asi como una atmosfera humeda. - Los aislados de H. pylori muestran una resistencia al metronidazol del 11%. - Niveles altos de IgG-anti HP en el suero de los enfermos se asocian con la presencia de H. pylori en la mucosa gastrica - En la poblacion sana estudiada el nivel de anticuerpos frente a H. pylori aumenta significativamente con la edad y es .

Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and mutations in the topoisomerase genes of Salmonella enterica strains from Brazil

The objective of this study was to identify mutations in the Quinolone Resistance Determining sources Regions (QRDR) of the gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE genes and to determine if any of the qnr variants or the aac(6')-Ib-cr variant were present in strains of Salmonella spp. isolated in Brazil. A total of 126 Salmonella spp. strains from epidemic (n = 114) and poultry (n = 12) origin were evaluated. One hundred and twelve strains (88.8%) were resistant to nalidixic acid (NAL) and 29 (23.01%) showed a reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (Cip). The mutations identified were substitutions limited to the QRDR of the gyrA gene in the codons for Serine 83, Aspartate 87 and Alanine 131. The sensitivity to NAL seems to be a good phenotypic indication of distinguishing mutated and nonmutated strains in the QRDR, however the double mutation in gyrA did not cause resistance to ciprofloxacin. The qnrA1 and qnrB19 genes were detected, respectively, in one epidemic strain of S. Enteritidis and one strain of S. Corvallis of poultry origin. Despite previous detection of qnr genes in Brazil, this is the first report of qnr gene detection in Salmonella, and also the first detection of qnrB19 gene in this country. The results alert for the continuous monitoring of quinolone resistance determinants in order to minimize the emergence and selection of Salmonella spp. strains showing reduced susceptibility or resistance to quinolones

Screening for an ivermectin slow-release formulation suitable for malaria vector control

BACKGROUND: The prospect of eliminating malaria is challenged by emerging insecticide resistance and vectors with outdoor and/or crepuscular activity. Ivermectin can simultaneously tackle these issues by killing mosquitoes feeding on treated animals and humans. A single oral dose, however, confers only short-lived mosquitocidal plasma levels. METHODS: Three different slow-release formulations of ivermectin were screened for their capacity to sustain mosquito-killing levels of ivermectin for months. Thirty rabbits received a dose of one, two or three silicone implants containing different proportions of ivermectin, deoxycholate and sucrose. Animals were checked for toxicity and ivermectin was quantified periodically in blood. Potential impact of corresponding long-lasting formulation was mathematically modelled. RESULTS: All combinations of formulation and dose released ivermectin for more than 12 weeks; four combinations sustained plasma levels capable of killing 50% of Anopheles gambiae feeding on a treated subject for up to 24 weeks. No major adverse effects attributable to the drug were found. Modelling predicts a 98% reduction in infectious vector density by using an ivermectin formulation with a 12-week duration. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that relatively stable mosquitocidal plasma levels of ivermectin can be safely sustained in rabbits for up to six months using a silicone-based subcutaneous formulation. Modifying the formulation of ivermectin promises to be a suitable strategy for malaria vector control

Tratamiento fisioterapéutico tras reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior

Introducción: La rotura de ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) es una lesión frecuente en la actividad deportiva y recreativa, así como en accidentes laborales, afectando a una población joven y activa con una prevalencia alta. Tanto la reconstrucción quirúrgica, como la rehabilitación acelerada del LCA, son necesarias para que el paciente pueda volver a su actividad previa a la lesión además de evitar la aparición de osteoartrosis temprana. Objetivo: El objetivo básico es restaurar la función de la rodilla a nivel prelesional, respetando el proceso de “ligamentación” de la plastia. Metodología: El diseño del estudio es intrasujeto AB. Paciente de 34 años, varón, deportista recreacional. Intervenido quirúrgicamente de reconstrucción del LCA con plastia autóloga del tendón del semitendinoso. Se valora el edema, la limitación de movimiento, la fuerza muscular, la valoración funcional se registra mediante la Escala de Lysholm y test funcionales como el de cajón anterior y test de Lachman. El tratamiento fisioterapéutico consiste en un protocolo acelerado de rehabilitación, de seis meses de duración. Desarrollo: En la valoración post-tratamiento se evidencia una reducción muy importante del edema, la cicatriz es elástica e indolora, aumento del rango de movimiento de la rodilla, mejora del estado muscular y del control neuromuscular, recuperando notablemente la capacidad funcional de la rodilla. Persiste dolor leve en la zona del polo inferior de la rótula, solo con actividad severa. Conclusiones: El tratamiento fisioterapéutico se muestra eficaz mejorando notablemente la capacidad funcional, permitiendo así el retorno del paciente a su actividad habitual

Evaluation of the Sepsis Flow Chip assay for the diagnosis of blood infections

Background: Blood infections are serious complex conditions that generally require rapid diagnosis and treatment. The big challenge is to reduce the time necessary to make a diagnosis with current clinical microbiological methods so as to improve the treatment given to patients. Methods: In this study, we assess for the first time the Sepsis Flow Chip assay, which is a novel diagnostic assay for simultaneous rapid-detection of the vast majority of bloodstream pathogens, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, in the same assay, and for the detection of most common antibiotic resistance genes. The SFC assay is based on multiplex PCR and low density DNA arrays. Results: Positive blood cultures from 202 consecutive bacteremia patients were analyzed by SFC assay and the results were compared with the results obtained by the gold standard methodology used in clinical microbiology diagnostic laboratories (EUCAST guidelines). SFC assay overall sensitivity and specificity for bacterial identification were 93.3% and 100% respectively and sensitivity and specificity for the identification of antibiotic genetic resistance determinants were 93.6% and 100% respectively. Conclusions: This is the first evaluation of SFC assay in clinical samples. This new method appears to be very promising by combining the high number of distinct pathogens and genetic resistance determinants identified in a single assay. Further investigations should be done to evaluate the usefulness of this assay in combination with clinical multidisciplinary groups (stewardship), in order for the results to be applied appropriately to the management of patients ‘infectious processes.This work was supported by Hospital General Universitario de Alicante (UGP-14-270) http://alicante.san.gva.es/; Fundación Soria Melguizo (no number) http://www.f-soria.es/; and FISABIO (UGP-14-216) http://fisabio.san.gva.es/

Are Peripheral Biomarkers Determinants of Eating Styles in Childhood and Adolescence Obesity? A Cross-Sectional Study

Disturbances in eating behaviors have been widely related to obesity. However, little is known about the role of obesity-related biomarkers in shaping habitual patterns of eating be haviors (i.e., eating styles) in childhood. The objective of the present study was to explore the relationships between several biomarkers crucially involved in obesity (ghrelin, insulin resistance, and leptin/adiponectin ratio) and eating styles in children and adolescents with obesity. Seventy participants aged between 8 and 16 (56.2% men) fulfilled the Spanish version of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire for Children to measure external, emotional, and restrained eating styles. In addition, concentrations of ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, insulin, and glucose were obtained through a blood test. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses controlling for age and sex were computed for each eating style. Results indicated that individuals with higher ghrelin concentration levels showed lower scores in restrained eating (β = −0.61, p < 0.001). The total model explained 32% of the variance of the restrained pattern. No other relationships between obesity-related biomarkers and eating behaviors were found. This study highlights that one of the obesity-risk factors, namely lower plasma ghrelin levels, is substantially involved in a well-known maladaptive eating style, restraint eating, in childhood obesity

SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibody detection in breast milk from a prospective multicentre study in Spain

This study has been supported by a research grant from Fundacion La Marato-TV3 (MilkCORONA, ref 202106).Objectives To develop and validate a specific protocol for SARS-CoV- 2 detection in breast milk matrix and to determine the impact of maternal SARS-CoV- 2 infection on the presence, concentration and persistence of specific SARS-CoV- 2 antibodies. Design and patients This is a prospective, multicentre longitudinal study (April–December 2020) in 60 mothers with SARS-CoV- 2 infection and/or who have recovered from COVID-19. A control group of 13 women before the pandemic were also included. Setting Seven health centres from different provinces in Spain. Main outcome measures Presence of SARS-CoV- 2 RNA in breast milk, targeting the N1 region of the nucleocapsid gene and the envelope (E) gene; presence and levels of SARS-CoV- 2-specific immunoglobulins (Igs)—IgA, IgG and IgM—in breast milk samples from patients with COVID-19. Results All breast milk samples showed negative results for presence of SARS-CoV- 2 RNA. We observed high intraindividual and interindividual variability in the antibody response to the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV- 2 spike protein for each of the three isotypes IgA, IgM and IgG. Main Protease (MPro) domain antibodies were also detected in milk. 82.9% (58 of 70) of milk samples were positive for at least one of the three antibody isotypes, with 52.9% of these positive for all three Igs. Positivity rate for IgA was relatively stable over time (65.2%–87.5%), whereas it raised continuously for IgG (from 47.8% for the first 10 days to 87.5% from day 41 up to day 206 post-PCR confirmation). Conclusions Our study confirms the safety of breast feeding and highlights the relevance of virus-specific SARS-CoV- 2 antibody transfer. This study provides crucial data to support official breastfeeding recommendations based on scientific evidence.Fundacion La Marato-TV3 20210

SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibody detection in human milk from a prospective multicenter study in Spain

Objectives To develop and validate a specific protocol for SARS-CoV-2 detection in breast milk matrix and to determine the impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on the presence, concentration and persistence of specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Design and patients This is a prospective, multicentre longitudinal study (April-December 2020) in 60 mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or who have recovered from COVID-19. A control group of 13 women before the pandemic were also included. Setting Seven health centres from different provinces in Spain. Main outcome measures Presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in breast milk, targeting the N1 region of the nucleocapsid gene and the envelope (E) gene; presence and levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulins (Igs)¿IgA, IgG and IgM¿in breast milk samples from patients with COVID-19. Results All breast milk samples showed negative results for presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. We observed high intraindividual and interindividual variability in the antibody response to the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for each of the three isotypes IgA, IgM and IgG. Main Protease (MPro) domain antibodies were also detected in milk. 82.9% (58 of 70) of milk samples were positive for at least one of the three antibody isotypes, with 52.9% of these positive for all three Igs. Positivity rate for IgA was relatively stable over time (65.2%-87.5%), whereas it raised continuously for IgG (from 47.8% for the first 10 days to 87.5% from day 41 up to day 206 post-PCR confirmation). Conclusions Our study confirms the safety of breast feeding and highlights the relevance of virus-specific SARS-CoV-2 antibody transfer. This study provides crucial data to support official breastfeeding recommendations based on scientific evidence

Prácticas prototipables para la creación, la investigación artística y la docencia on line desde la Facultad de Bellas Artes

Este proyecto indaga y comparte una serie de prácticas prototipables que, desde la investigación artística, sirven de herramientas para ser replicadas en los contextos virtuales de docencia e investigación, tanto dentro como fuera de la academia