Globalization and the diffusion of ideas: why we should acknowledge the roots of mainstream ideas in global health

Although globalization has created ample opportunities and spaces to share experiences and information, the diffusion of ideas, especially in global health, is primarily influenced by the unequal distribution of economic, political and scientific powers around the world. These ideas in global health are generally rooted in High-Income Countries (HICs), and then reach Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). We argue that acknowledging and addressing this invisible trend would contribute to a greater degree of open discussions in global health. This is expected to favor innovative, alternative, and culturally sound solutions for persistent health problems and reducing inequitie

Impacts of Post-Truth Conditions on a Susceptible Market: The Case of Nicotine Vaping

The post-truth era is characterized by widespread mistrust, competing truth claims, and polarization that impact some markets to a greater degree than others. This study introduces the concept of post-truth markets as those which are highly susceptible to being impacted by post-truth conditions. Three research questions guide this study: Why are some markets susceptible to the impacts of post-truth conditions? What is the impact of post-truth conditions on susceptible markets? And, how do consumers navigate post-truth markets? Taking the nicotine vaping market as an exemplar of post-truth markets, this study uses critical discourse analysis to examine qualitative data, including archival data (legal, news media, industry, and advocacy texts), in-depth interviews with consumers and advocates, and observational data. The theoretical insights generated indicate that markets affected by historical stigma, restrictive authority interventions, and changing expert opinions are susceptible to becoming post-truth markets. Further, the data analysis suggests that post-truth conditions lead to contestation in such markets, including moral contestation which has been noted in prior literature, and epistemic contestation which this study introduces. Consumers develop various strategies based on a post-truth subjectivity to navigate post-truth markets, including alternate truth-seeking (through relational and embodied knowledge), entrepreneurship, and activism. This research introduces several new concepts to consumer research, including the concepts of post-truth markets, post-truth subjectivity, and epistemic contestation. The findings also contribute to the growing literatures on marketplace contestation, activism, stigma, and the role of emotions in consumption. Finally, the findings have implications for various stakeholders in the nicotine vaping market, as well as other post-truth markets

Globalization and the Diffusion of Ideas: Why We Should Acknowledge the Roots of Mainstream Ideas in Global Health

Although globalization has created ample opportunities and spaces to share experiences and information, the diffusion of ideas, especially in global health, is primarily influenced by the unequal distribution of economic, political and scientific powers around the world. These ideas in global health are generally rooted in High-Income Countries (HICs), and then reach Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). We argue that acknowledging and addressing this invisible trend would contribute to a greater degree of open discussions in global health. This is expected to favor innovative, alternative, and culturally sound solutions for persistent health problems and reducing inequities

The development and validation of a conceptual definition of avoidable transitions from long‐term care to the emergency department: A mixed methods study

Abstract Background/Objectives Transitions to and from Emergency Departments (EDs) can be detrimental to long‐term care (LTC) residents and burden the healthcare system. While reducing avoidable transfers is imperative, various terms are used interchangeably including inappropriate, preventable, or unnecessary transitions. Our study objectives were to develop a conceptual definition of avoidable LTC‐ED transitions and to verify the level of stakeholder agreement with this definition. Methods The EXamining Aged Care Transitions study adopted an exploratory sequential mixed‐method design. The study was conducted in 2015–2016 in 16 LTC facilities, 1 ED, and 1 Emergency Medical Service (EMS) in a major urban center in western Canada. Phase 1 included 80 participants, (healthcare aides, licensed practical nurses, registered nurses, LTC managers, family members of residents, and EMS staff). We conducted semistructured interviews (n = 25) and focus groups (n = 19). In Phase 2, 327 ED staff, EMS staff, LTC staff, and medical directors responded to a survey based on the qualitative findings. Results Avoidable transitions were attributed to limited resources in LTC, insufficient preventive care, and resident or family wishes. The definition generated was: A transition of an LTC resident to the ED is considered avoidable if: (a) Diagnostic testing, medical assessment, and treatment can be accessed in a timely manner by other means; (b) the reasons for a transfer are unclear and the transition would increase the disorientation, pain, or discomfort of a resident, outweighing a clear benefit of a transfer; and (c) the transition is against the wishes expressed by the resident over time, including through informal and undocumented conversations. There was a high level of agreement with the definition across the four participant groups. Conclusions and Implications To effectively reduce LTC resident avoidable transitions, stakeholders must share a common definition. Our conceptual definition may significantly contribute to improved care for LTC residents