Environmental Controls of InSAR-Based Periglacial Ground Dynamics in a Sub-Arctic Landscape

Periglacial environments are characterized by highly dynamic landscapes. Freezing and thawing lead to ground movement, associated with cryoturbation and solifluction. These processes are sensitive to climate change and variably distributed depending on multiple environmental factors. In this study, we used multi-geometry Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) to investigate the spatial distribution of the mean annual ground velocity in a mountainous landscape in Northern Norway. Statistical modeling was employed to examine how periglacial ground velocity is related to environmental variables characterizing the diverse climatic, geomorphic, hydrological and biological conditions within a 148 km(2) study area. Two-dimensional (2D) InSAR results document mean annual ground velocity up to 15 mm/yr. Vertical and horizontal velocity components in the East-West plane show variable spatial distribution, which can be explained by the characteristics of cryoturbation and solifluction operating differently over flat and sloping terrain. Statistical modeling shows that slope angle and mean annual air temperature variables are the most important environmental factors explaining the distribution of the horizontal and vertical components, respectively. Vegetation and snow cover also have a local influence, interpreted as indicators of the ground material and moisture conditions. The results show contrasted model performance depending on the velocity component used as a response variable. In general, our study highlights the potential of integrating radar remote sensing and statistical modeling to investigate mountainous regions and better understand the relations between environmental factors, periglacial processes and ground dynamics.Peer reviewe

El arte 2.0 como estética invisible

Actualmente todo aquello que quiere ser novedoso tiene el apelativo de “2.0”, como ocurre con el denominado Arte 2.0, que bebe de las fuentes de la Web 2.0. Pero esta novedad se queda en copia si tan solo consiste en cambiar el lienzo por la tecnología, y el artista por el espectador. La principal característica de la Web 2.0, la que la distingue de la Internet de hace una década, es lo que se denomina ‘sombra de información’. Nuestra propuesta consiste en reclamar al arte la capacidad expresiva de representar dicha ‘sombra de información’, creando así un verdadero Arte 2.0. El Arte 2.0 debe ser la estética de esa ‘sombra de información’ y constituirse en la estética de lo invisible.Palabras clave: conocimiento, sombra de información, Web 2.0, Arte 2.0, net-art, ciberfemismo.AbstractToday everything that wants to be innovative has the nickname of “2.0”. This is the case with the so-called Art 2.0, apparently founded on Web 2.0. However this innovative Art 2.0 is just a copy when it only changes the canvas by technology, and the artist for the viewer. The main characteristic of Web 2.0 is the ‘shadow of information’. This is what distinguishes it from the Internet of one decade ago. Our proposal is to demand of art the expressive capacity to represent such a ‘shadow of information’, thus creating a real Art 2.0. Art 2.0 must be the aesthetics of this ‘shadow of information’, becoming the aesthetics of what it is unseen.Keywords: information, knowledge, shadow of information, Web 2.0, Art 2.0, net-art, ciberfeminism.</p

Environmental Controls of InSAR-Based Periglacial Ground Dynamics in a Sub-Arctic Landscape

Periglacial environments are characterized by highly dynamic landscapes. Freezing and thawing lead to ground movement, associated with cryoturbation and solifluction. These processes are sensitive to climate change and variably distributed depending on multiple environmental factors. In this study, we used multi-geometry Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) to investigate the spatial distribution of the mean annual ground velocity in a mountainous landscape in Northern Norway. Statistical modeling was employed to examine how periglacial ground velocity is related to environmental variables characterizing the diverse climatic, geomorphic, hydrological and biological conditions within a 148 km2 study area. Two-dimensional (2D) InSAR results document mean annual ground velocity up to 15 mm/yr. Vertical and horizontal velocity components in the East–West plane show variable spatial distribution, which can be explained by the characteristics of cryoturbation and solifluction operating differently over flat and sloping terrain. Statistical modeling shows that slope angle and mean annual air temperature variables are the most important environmental factors explaining the distribution of the horizontal and vertical components, respectively. Vegetation and snow cover also have a local influence, interpreted as indicators of the ground material and moisture conditions. The results show contrasted model performance depending on the velocity component used as a response variable. In general, our study highlights the potential of integrating radar remote sensing and statistical modeling to investigate mountainous regions and better understand the relations between environmental factors, periglacial processes and ground dynamic

Innovative methods to monitor rock and mountain slope deformation

Displacement rates of mountain slope deformations that can affect entire valley mountain flanks are often measured spatially distributed in‐situ without spatial significance. The spatially explicit measurement and recording of time series of slope deformations is a challenge, as the unstable slopes are often disintegrated into several subdomains, which move with different deformation rates. The current state‐of‐the‐art monitoring systems detect slow to very slow deformation rates between mm/a and several m/a. Using the examples of slope deformations in Saalbach‐Hinterglemm and the deep rock slide Marzellkamm in Austria this paper presents the results of terrestrial laser scans, extensometer measurements, Spaceborne InSAR data, unmanned Aerial System Photogrammetry (UAS‐P), and fixed‐point measurements. The different measurements complement each other and are optimally aligned for different application areas. InSAR data can help to identify hot spots on regional and local scale, while UAS‐P enables for spatially high level accuracy in the detection of subdomains moving at different speeds. For local warning systems TLS, extensometers and GBInSAR deliver higher accuracy