40 research outputs found
Behavioral challenges in policy analysis with conflicting objectives
Public policy problems are rife with conflicting objectives: efficiency versus fairness,
technical criteria versus political goals, costs versus multiple benefits. Multi-Criteria
Decision Analysis provides robust methodologies to support policy makers in making
tough choices and in designing better policy options when considering these
conflicting objectives. However, important behavioral challenges exist in developing
these models: the use of expert judgments, whenever evidence is not available; the
elicitation of preferences and priorities from policy makers and communities; and the
effective management of group decision processes. The extensive developments in
behavioral decision research, social psychology, facilitated decision modeling, and
incomplete preference models shed light on how decision analysts should address
these issues, so we can provide better decision support and develop high quality
decision models. In this tutorial I discuss the main findings of these extensive, but
rather fragmented, literatures providing a coherent and practical framework for
managing behavioral issues, minimizing behavioral biases, and optimizing the quality
of human judgments in policy analysis models with conflicting objectives. I illustrate
these guidelines with policy analysis interventions that we have conducted over the
last decade for several organizations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO),
the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the UK
Department of Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), the Malaria
Consortium/USAID, the UK National Audit Office, among others
Why so serious? Theorising playful model-driven group decision support with situated affectivity
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Springer via the DOI in this record.An integrative approach to theorising behavioural, affective and cognitive processes in modeldriven
group decision support (GDS) interventions is needed to gain insight into the (micro-)processes
by which outcomes are accomplished. This paper proposes that the theoretical lens of situated
affectivity, grounded in recent extensions of scaffolded mind models, is suitable to understand the
performativity of affective micro-processes in model-driven GDS interventions. An illustrative vignette
of a humorous micro-moment in a group decision workshop is presented to reveal the performativity of
extended affective scaffolding processes for group decision development. The lens of situated
affectivity constitutes a novel approach for the study of interventionist practice in the context of group
decision making (and negotiation). An outlook with opportunities for future research is offered to
facilitate an integrated approach to the study of cognitive-affective and behavioural micro-processes in
model-driven GDS interventions.This work was supported in part by the EU FP7-ENERGY- SMARTCITIES-2012
(314277) project STEEP (Systems Thinking for Comprehensive City Efficient Energy Planning
Using system dynamics for collaborative design: a case study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In order to facilitate the collaborative design, system dynamics (SD) with a group modelling approach was used in the early stages of planning a new stroke unit. During six workshops a SD model was created in a multiprofessional group.</p> <p>Aim</p> <p>To explore to which extent and how the use of system dynamics contributed to the collaborative design process.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>A case study was conducted using several data sources.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>SD supported a collaborative design, by facilitating an explicit description of stroke care process, a dialogue and a joint understanding. The construction of the model obliged the group to conceptualise the stroke care and experimentation with the model gave the opportunity to reflect on care.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>SD facilitated the collaborative design process and should be integrated in the early stages of the design process as a quality improvement tool.</p
Community based system dynamic as an approach for understanding and acting on messy problems: a case study for global mental health intervention in Afghanistan
Why so Serious? Theorising Playful Model-Driven Group Decision Support with Situated Affectivity
Group Support Systems: experiments with an online system and implications for same-time/different places working
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Springer via the DOI in this recordWe present an analysis of the Group Explorer Group Support System (GSS) from the perspective of its implementation as technology that can support same-time/different-places group workshops. The purpose of the chapter is to report on our experiences with using a same-time/different places GSS, introduce issues that arise from these experiences, and discuss future prospects. The chapter commences by reviewing our current understanding of GSS and how they support the use of distributed Problem Structuring Methods (PSMs) in both single organization and multi-organization settings. The configuration and use of a cloud-based online version of the GSS is presented that highlights some of the key technological, organisational and facilitation issues involved in supporting distributed PSM workshops. The future development of such online GSS is discussed with a particular focus on two emerging research questions; the future role of the facilitator in online GSS, and the commonalities between online GSS and social media platforms as different-times/different-places group working, such as crowdsourcing, become prevalent in the context of increasing globalisation and the ongoing decentralisation of work environments.Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)European Union FP7European Union Horizon 202
Group model building: problem structuring, policy simulation and decision support
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F629 DOES LONG-TERM ADMINISTRATION OF AMITRIPTYLINE OR MORPHINE REDUCE NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN A RODENT MODEL?- A PLACEBO CONTROLLED STUDY
Using group model building to capture the complex dynamics of scaling up district-level surgery in Arusha region, Tanzania
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235921.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)13 december 202
Triple Red Blood Cell Alloantibody Formation After Bone-Allograft Transplantation
In this case report, we provide evidence for the possibility of red blood cell alloimmunization after bone-allograft transplantation. Here, we present a 13-year-old boy who received a bone allograft due to impending hip-luxation. Five months later he was shown to have developed three different alloantibodies: anti-D, anti-C and anti-E, which were induced by the bone allograft. Red blood cell alloimmunization is a possible adverse event when a patient is exposed to allogenic red blood cells. These antibodies may cause transfusion reactions when incompatible blood is administered. More importantly, these antibodies may cause severe, or even fatal, hemolytic disease of the fetus or newborn, stretching the importance of preventing antibody formation, especially in young women. This case demonstrates the importance of selecting rhesus phenotype compatible bone allografts