36 research outputs found

    Viscoelastometric Testing to Assess Hemostasis of COVID-19: A Systematic Review

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    Infection by SARS-CoV-2 is associated with a high risk of thrombosis. The laboratory documentation of hypercoagulability and impaired fibrinolysis remains a challenge. Our aim was to assess the potential usefulness of viscoelastometric testing (VET) to predict thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients according to the literature. We also (i) analyzed the impact of anticoagulation and the methods used to neutralize heparin, (ii) analyzed whether maximal clot mechanical strength brings more information than Clauss fibrinogen, and (iii) critically scrutinized the diagnosis of hypofibrinolysis. We performed a systematic search in PubMed and Scopus databases until 31st December 2020. VET methods and parameters, and patients' features and outcomes were extracted. VET was performed for 1063 patients (893 intensive care unit (ICU) and 170 non-ICU, 44 studies). There was extensive heterogeneity concerning study design, VET device used (ROTEM, TEG, Quantra and ClotPro) and reagents (with non-systematic use of heparin neutralization), timing of assay, and definition of hypercoagulable state. Notably, only 4 out of 25 studies using ROTEM reported data with heparinase (HEPTEM). The common findings were increased clot mechanical strength mainly due to excessive fibrinogen component and impaired to absent fibrinolysis, more conspicuous in the presence of an added plasminogen activator. Only 4 studies out of the 16 that addressed the point found an association of VETs with thrombotic events. So-called functional fibrinogen assessed by VETs showed a variable correlation with Clauss fibrinogen. Abnormal VET pattern, often evidenced despite standard prophylactic anticoagulation, tended to normalize after increased dosing. VET studies reported heterogeneity, and small sample sizes do not support an association between the poorly defined prothrombotic phenotype of COVID-19 and thrombotic events

    Gestion de la coagulopathie et de la transfusion au cours de la transplantation hĂ©patique : Facteurs de risque de saignement, place du monitorage dĂ©localisĂ© de l’hĂ©mostase, Ă©tude de la gĂ©nĂ©ration de thrombine et de l’hyperfibrinolyse

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    Liver transplantation (LT) is a bleeding procedure, in which all the haemostatic steps (primary haemostasis, secondary haemostasis, fibrinolysis) are impaired. We have first shown the predictive factors of bleeding and transfusion were difficult to determine and were of poor clinical relevance. Then, we showed that thromboelastometry (ROTEMÂź) could detect thrombocytopenia and hypofibrinogenemia during LT. However, the utilisation of an algorithm based on ROTEMÂź results did not led to less bleeding and transfusion when compared to an algorithm based on laboratory results. Moreover, ROTEMÂź lacked sensitivity to detect hyperfibrinolysis. Thrombin is the key-enzyme of coagulation cascade. The Calibrated Automated Thrombogram (CATÂź) is the reference test for thrombin generation. We searched for rapid tools to evaluate thrombin generation, usable in routine and on individual plasma samples. The Thrombodynamics-4DÂź (TD4D) enabled in the same time study of fibrin clot formation and propagation in time and space and thrombin generation. Hyperfibrinolysis is encountered in 20 to 66% of LT procedures. It is associated with more bleeding and transfusion. Rapid diagnosis of hyperfibrinolysis would allow a quick and target treatment with antifibrinolytic drugs. Lysis Timer was more sensitive than ROTEMÂź to detect hyperfibrinolysis. TD4D also visualized clot lysis. Routine utilization of these new devices now requires validation of its results in fresh plasma, after acceleration of pre-analytic steps (rapid centrifugation) and clinical studies to find their place in transfusion algorithms.La transplantation hĂ©patique (TH) est une intervention Ă  risque hĂ©morragique, au cours de laquelle toutes les Ă©tapes de la coagulation (hĂ©mostase primaire, hĂ©mostase secondaire, fibrinolyse) sont perturbĂ©es. Nous avons d’abord montrĂ© que les facteurs de risque de saignement et transfusion Ă©taient difficiles Ă  identifier et n’étaient pas cliniquement trĂšs pertinents. Puis nous avons montrĂ© que la thromboĂ©lastomĂ©trie (ROTEMÂź) pouvait diagnostiquer la thrombopĂ©nie et l’hypofibrinogĂ©nĂ©mie au cours de la TH, mĂȘme si l’utilisation d’un algorithme basĂ© sur le ROTEMÂź ne diminuait pas le saignement ni la transfusion par rapport Ă  un algorithme basĂ© sur les rĂ©sultats du laboratoire. De plus le ROTEMÂź manquait de sensibilitĂ© pour dĂ©tecter l’hyperfibrinolyse. La thrombine est l’enzyme-clĂ© de la cascade de la coagulation. Le Calibrated Automated Thrombogram (CATÂź) est la mĂ©thode de rĂ©fĂ©rence de gĂ©nĂ©ration de thrombine. Nous avons cherchĂ© des moyens rapides d’évaluation de la gĂ©nĂ©ration de thrombine, utilisable en routine et sur Ă©chantillons individuels. Le Thrombodynamics-4DÂź (TD4D) permettait Ă  la fois l’étude de la formation et de la propagation du caillot de fibrine dans le temps et l’espace et de la gĂ©nĂ©ration de thrombine. Une hyperfibrinolyse survient au cours de 20 Ă  66% des TH. Elle majore le saignement et la transfusion. Le diagnostic rapide de l’hyperfibrinolyse permettrait un traitement rapide et ciblĂ© par antifibrinolytique. Le Lysis Timer Ă©tait plus sensible que le ROTEMÂź pour dĂ©tecter les hyperfibrinolyses. Le TD4D permettait Ă©galement de visualiser la lyse du caillot. L’utilisation en routine de ces nouveaux appareils nĂ©cessite la validation des rĂ©sultats sur plasma frais, aprĂšs accĂ©lĂ©ration des Ă©tapes prĂ©-analytiques (centrifugation rapide) et des Ă©tudes cliniques pour les positionner au sein d’algorithmes transfusionnels

    Management of coagulopathy and transfusion in liver transplantation

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    La transplantation hĂ©patique (TH) est une intervention Ă  risque hĂ©morragique, au cours de laquelle toutes les Ă©tapes de la coagulation (hĂ©mostase primaire, hĂ©mostase secondaire, fibrinolyse) sont perturbĂ©es. Nous avons d’abord montrĂ© que les facteurs de risque de saignement et transfusion Ă©taient difficiles Ă  identifier et n’étaient pas cliniquement trĂšs pertinents. Puis nous avons montrĂ© que la thromboĂ©lastomĂ©trie (ROTEMÂź) pouvait diagnostiquer la thrombopĂ©nie et l’hypofibrinogĂ©nĂ©mie au cours de la TH, mĂȘme si l’utilisation d’un algorithme basĂ© sur le ROTEMÂź ne diminuait pas le saignement ni la transfusion par rapport Ă  un algorithme basĂ© sur les rĂ©sultats du laboratoire. De plus le ROTEMÂź manquait de sensibilitĂ© pour dĂ©tecter l’hyperfibrinolyse. La thrombine est l’enzyme-clĂ© de la cascade de la coagulation. Le Calibrated Automated Thrombogram (CATÂź) est la mĂ©thode de rĂ©fĂ©rence de gĂ©nĂ©ration de thrombine. Nous avons cherchĂ© des moyens rapides d’évaluation de la gĂ©nĂ©ration de thrombine, utilisable en routine et sur Ă©chantillons individuels. Le Thrombodynamics-4DÂź (TD4D) permettait Ă  la fois l’étude de la formation et de la propagation du caillot de fibrine dans le temps et l’espace et de la gĂ©nĂ©ration de thrombine. Une hyperfibrinolyse survient au cours de 20 Ă  66% des TH. Elle majore le saignement et la transfusion. Le diagnostic rapide de l’hyperfibrinolyse permettrait un traitement rapide et ciblĂ© par antifibrinolytique. Le Lysis Timer Ă©tait plus sensible que le ROTEMÂź pour dĂ©tecter les hyperfibrinolyses. Le TD4D permettait Ă©galement de visualiser la lyse du caillot. L’utilisation en routine de ces nouveaux appareils nĂ©cessite la validation des rĂ©sultats sur plasma frais, aprĂšs accĂ©lĂ©ration des Ă©tapes prĂ©-analytiques (centrifugation rapide) et des Ă©tudes cliniques pour les positionner au sein d’algorithmes transfusionnels.Liver transplantation (LT) is a bleeding procedure, in which all the haemostatic steps (primary haemostasis, secondary haemostasis, fibrinolysis) are impaired. We have first shown the predictive factors of bleeding and transfusion were difficult to determine and were of poor clinical relevance. Then, we showed that thromboelastometry (ROTEMÂź) could detect thrombocytopenia and hypofibrinogenemia during LT. However, the utilisation of an algorithm based on ROTEMÂź results did not led to less bleeding and transfusion when compared to an algorithm based on laboratory results. Moreover, ROTEMÂź lacked sensitivity to detect hyperfibrinolysis. Thrombin is the key-enzyme of coagulation cascade. The Calibrated Automated Thrombogram (CATÂź) is the reference test for thrombin generation. We searched for rapid tools to evaluate thrombin generation, usable in routine and on individual plasma samples. The Thrombodynamics-4DÂź (TD4D) enabled in the same time study of fibrin clot formation and propagation in time and space and thrombin generation. Hyperfibrinolysis is encountered in 20 to 66% of LT procedures. It is associated with more bleeding and transfusion. Rapid diagnosis of hyperfibrinolysis would allow a quick and target treatment with antifibrinolytic drugs. Lysis Timer was more sensitive than ROTEMÂź to detect hyperfibrinolysis. TD4D also visualized clot lysis. Routine utilization of these new devices now requires validation of its results in fresh plasma, after acceleration of pre-analytic steps (rapid centrifugation) and clinical studies to find their place in transfusion algorithms

    Von Willebrand factor and cancer: Another piece of the puzzle

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    Ten considerations about viscoelastometric tests

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    Fibrinolysis during liver transplantation: analysis by the Thrombodynamics method

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    An issue in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the diagnosis of hyperfibrinolysis. The Thrombodynamics-4D assay (TD4D) is a videomicroscopy system allowing the dynamic analysis of fibrin clot. Fibrinolysis is highlighted by a change in clot intensity. The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the TD4D as a tool to diagnose fibrinolysis during OLT. Thirty consecutive patients were included. We studied a subset of 41 samples from 13 patients who demonstrated hyperfibrinolysis during OLT by global fibrinolytic capacity studied by the Lysis Timer (GFC/LT) and/or euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT) and/or EXTEM maximum lysis (EXTEM ML) on ROTEM. Three samples exhibited fibrinolysis. They exhibited significantly shorter ECLT, higher lysis on EXTEM graphs, shorter GFC/LT clot lysis time and higher t-PA activity values. After adding urokinase, 13 samples exhibited fibrinolysis. In conclusion, TD4D allows the dynamic analysis of fibrin clot formation and lysis. It only recognises the most severe forms of hyperfibrinolysis during OLT

    Are Viscoelastometric Assays of Old Generation Ready for Disposal? Comment on Volod et al. Viscoelastic Hemostatic Assays: A Primer on Legacy and New Generation Devices. <i>J. Clin. Med.</i> 2022, <i>11</i>, 860

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    With the advent of new viscoelastometric hemostatic assay (VHA) devices, with ready-to-use cartridge reagents allowing for their use by people without special laboratory skills, the appreciation of the actual clinical value of VHAs in settings such as severe trauma, post-partum hemorrhage, cardiac surgery and liver transplantation still needs to be fully validated. While two of the newest versions remain based on a ‘cup and pin’ system (ROTEM¼ sigma, ClotPro¼), two other new devices (TEG¼ 6s, Quantra¼) rely on very different technologies: clotting blood is no longer in contact with the probe and challenged by oscillation of one of the components but explored with ultrasound exposure. A systematic literature search (including Sonoclot¼) retrieved 20 observational studies (19 prospective). Most studies pointed to imperfect agreements, highlighting the non-interchangeability of devices. Only a few studies, often with a limited number of patients enrolled, used a clinical outcome. No study compared VHA results with conventional laboratory assays obtained through a rapid tests panel. Clinical evidence of the utility of the new VHAs largely remains to be proven through randomized clinical trials, with clinically relevant outcomes, and compared to rapid panel hemostasis testing. The availability of new, improved VHA devices provides an impetus and an opportunity to do so

    L'angiopoĂŻĂ©tine-2 se lie Ă  de multiples sites interactifs au sein du facteur von Willebrand

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    International audienceIntroduction: La biosynthĂšse du facteur von Willebrand (VWF) dans les cellules endothĂ©liales entraĂźne la formation d'organites de stockage connus sous le nom de corps de Weibel-Palade (WPB). Les WPB contiennent Ă©galement plusieurs autres protĂ©ines, dont l'angiopoĂŻĂ©tine-2 (Ang-2).À l'heure actuelle, la base molĂ©culaire de l'interaction VWF-Ang-2 est mal comprise. MatĂ©riels et mĂ©thodes: Ici, nous avons utilisĂ© des tests de liaison par immunoadsorption et des fragments de VWF recombinants spĂ©cifiques pour analyser les interactions VWF-Ang-2.RĂ©sultats: Nous avons constatĂ© que le VWF se liait le plus efficacement Ă  l'Ang-2 immobilisĂ© (liaison semi-maximale Ă  0,5 ± 0,1 ÎŒg/mL) dans des conditions de CaCl2 Ă©levĂ© (10 mM) et de pH lĂ©gĂšrement acide (6,4-7,0). Il est intĂ©ressant de noter que plusieurs domaines VWF recombinants isolĂ©s (A1/Fc, A2/Fc, D4/Fc et D'D3-HPC4) ont montrĂ© une liaison dose-dĂ©pendante Ă  l'Ang-2 immobilisĂ©. La liaison semble spĂ©cifique, car les anticorps contre D'D3, A1 et A2 rĂ©duisent significativement la liaison de ces domaines Ă  l'Ang-2. Les complexes entre le FVW et l'Ang-2 dans le plasma ont pu ĂȘtre dĂ©tectĂ©s par des tests d'immunoprĂ©cipitation et d'immunoadsorption. De maniĂšre inattendue, des expĂ©riences de contrĂŽle ont Ă©galement rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© des complexes entre le VWF et l'angiopoĂŻĂ©tine-1 (Ang-1), une protĂ©ine structurellement homologue Ă  l'Ang-2. En outre, des Ă©tudes de liaison directe ont montrĂ© une liaison dose-dĂ©pendante du FVW Ă  l'Ang-1 immobilisĂ© (liaison semi-maximale Ă  1,8 ± 1,0 ÎŒg/mL). Il est intĂ©ressant de noter qu'au lieu d'entrer en compĂ©tition avec l'Ang-1, l'Ang-2 a multipliĂ© par 3 environ la liaison du FVW Ă  l'Ang-1. Les expĂ©riences de compĂ©tition ont en outre rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que la liaison au VWF n'empĂȘche pas l'Ang-1 et l'Ang-2 de se lier Ă  Tie-2.Conclusion: Nos donnĂ©es montrent que l'Ang-1 et l'Ang-2 se lient tous deux au VWF, apparemment en utilisant des sites interactifs diffĂ©rents. L'Ang-2 module la liaison du VWF Ă  l'Ang-1, dont les consĂ©quences (patho)-physiologiques restent Ă  Ă©tudier
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