18 research outputs found

    The Reply

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    Study of Biocrudes Obtained via Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) of Wild Alga Consortium under Different Conditions

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    International audienceMicroalga-based fuels are promising solutions for replacing fossil fuels. This feedstock presents several advantages such as fast growth in a harsh environment and an ability to trap gases emitted from industries, thus reducing global warming effects. An efficient way to convert harvested microalgae into biofuels is hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), which yields an intermediate product called biocrude. In this study, the elemental and molecular compositions of 15 different HTL biocrudes were determined by means of different techniques. Wild algae were cultivated in an industrial environment with plant emissions as a carbon source in fresh or seawater. It was notably observed that the culture medium had an influence on the biochemical composition and mineral matter content of algae. Thus, seawater algae were characterized by larger amounts of carbohydrates and mineral matter than freshwater ones, which also affected the oil yields and the light and heavy fractions of biocrude

    Intra-skeletal calcite in a live-collected Porites sp.: Impact on environmental proxies and potential formation process

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    International audienceGeochemical proxies measured in the carbonate skeleton of tropical coral Porites sp. have commonly been used to reconstruct sea surface temperature (SST) and more recently seawater pH. Nevertheless, both reconstructed SST and pH depend on the preservation state of the skeleton, here made of aragonite; i.e., diagenetic processes and its related effects should be limited. In this study, we report on the impact of the presence of intra-skeletal calcite on the skeleton geochemistry of a live-collected Porites sp.. The Porites skeleton preservation state was analyzed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca, U/Ca, Ba/Ca, Li/Mg, and B/Ca ratios were measured at a monthly and yearly resolution using solution ICP-MS and multi-collector ICP-MS. The ή11B signatures and the calcite percentages were acquired at a yearly timescale. The coral colony presents two parts, one with less than 3% calcite (referred to as “no-calcite” skeleton), the other one, corresponding to the skeleton formed during the last 4 yrs. of growth, with calcite percentages varying from 13 to 32% (referred to as “with calcite” skeleton). This intra-skeletal calcite replaces partly or completely numerous center of calcification (COCs). All geochemical tracers investigated are significantly impacted by the presence of calcite. The reconstructed SST decreases by about 0.1°C per calcite-percent as inferred from the Sr/Ca ratio. Such impact reaches up to 0.26°C per calcite-percent for temperature deduced from the Li/Mg ratio. So, less than 5% of such intra-skeletal calcite does not prevent SST reconstructions using Sr/Ca ratio, but the percentage and type of calcite have to be determined before fine SST interpretation. Seawater pH reconstruction inferred from boron isotopes drop by about -0.011 pH-unit per calcite-percent. Such sensitivity to calcite presence is particularly dramatic for fine paleo-pH reconstructions. Here we suggest that after being brought to shallow waters following a cyclone, the studied coral was seasonally subjected to rainfall-related water freshening that could have mimicked a vadose environment like can be encountered on raised fossil coral reefs. Nevertheless, the process of calcite precipitation remains to be determined

    Le Verbe

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    Les contributions proposĂ©es dans ce volume, par leur diversitĂ©, apportent un nouvel Ă©clairage sur des questions centrales relatives Ă  l’enseignement / apprentissage du verbe. Elles permettent de mettre en Ă©vidence le lien Ă©troit entre recherche linguistique et application didactique dans ce domaine et de rĂ©flĂ©chir sur les conditions d’une transposition didactique, en vĂ©rifiant la pertinence des propositions faites dans le cadre d’expĂ©rimentations menĂ©es en classe. En proposant une rĂ©flexion sur les critĂšres identificatoires de cette unitĂ© ou sur l’organisation du systĂšme verbal, en portant une attention particuliĂšre sur les manuels scolaires ou encore sur les constructions syntaxiques dĂ©pendant du verbe, les Ă©tudes proposĂ©es ici Ă©bauchent aussi des pistes qui pourraient ĂȘtre envisagĂ©es utilement dans le cadre de la formation des enseignants

    Survival with Olaparib in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

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    BACKGROUND: We previously reported that olaparib led to significantly longer imaging-based progression-free survival than the physician\u27s choice of enzalutamide or abiraterone among men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who had qualifying alterations in homologous recombination repair genes and whose disease had progressed during previous treatment with a next-generation hormonal agent. The results of the final analysis of overall survival have not yet been reported. METHODS: In an open-label, phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned patients in a 2:1 ratio to receive olaparib (256 patients) or the physician\u27s choice of enzalutamide or abiraterone plus prednisone as the control therapy (131 patients). Cohort A included 245 patients with at least one alteration in RESULTS: The median duration of overall survival in cohort A was 19.1 months with olaparib and 14.7 months with control therapy (hazard ratio for death, 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50 to 0.97; P = 0.02). In cohort B, the median duration of overall survival was 14.1 months with olaparib and 11.5 months with control therapy. In the overall population (cohorts A and B), the corresponding durations were 17.3 months and 14.0 months. Overall, 86 of 131 patients (66%) in the control group crossed over to receive olaparib (56 of 83 patients [67%] in cohort A). A sensitivity analysis that adjusted for crossover to olaparib showed hazard ratios for death of 0.42 (95% CI, 0.19 to 0.91) in cohort A, 0.83 (95% CI, 0.11 to 5.98) in cohort B, and 0.55 (95% CI, 0.29 to 1.06) in the overall population. CONCLUSIONS: Among men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who had tumors with at least one alteration i

    La phrase : carrefour linguistique et didactique

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    Les contributions rassemblĂ©es dans ce volume interrogent la notion de phrase, d’un double point de vue linguistique et didactique. Par leur diversitĂ© et leur complĂ©mentaritĂ©, elles apportent un Ă©clairage particulier sur cette notion plurielle, analysĂ©e pour le français et pour d’autres langues, dans une perspective contrastive. Un premier volet linguistique propose une rĂ©flexion sur la nature mĂȘme de la phrase et son identification, par le biais d’analyses portant sur certains constituants ciblĂ©s, ou de rĂ©flexions sur la dimension Ă©nonciative, discursive et interprĂ©tative de cette unitĂ©. Cette partie fait clairement apparaĂźtre la nĂ©cessitĂ© d’une rĂ©flexion sur les critĂšres dĂ©finitoires pertinents, susceptibles de rendre compte au mieux du fonctionnement de la langue. Le second volet offre une perspective didactique : Ă  partir d’analyses de supports d’enseignement, de dispositifs d’apprentissage ou encore de productions d’élĂšves, les contributions interrogent l’enseignement-apprentissage de la notion en Français Langue Maternelle comme en Français Langue ÉtrangĂšre. Ces analyses mettent notamment en Ă©vidence la nĂ©cessitĂ© d’établir des passerelles entre linguistique et didactique et interrogent de fait la formation des enseignants sur ces questions centrales.Actes du 10ecolloque international franco-roumain organisĂ© par les laboratoires Grammatica (EA 4521) et Circeft-Escol (EA 4384), UniversitĂ© d’Artois, 3-5 juin 2015. Ouvrage publiĂ© avec le concours du laboratoire Grammatica (EA 4521), de l’universitĂ© d’Artois et d’Arras UniversitĂ©

    Enseignement/apprentissage de la langue, des textes et des discours. 40&nbspans de Pratiques

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    Les actes du colloque intitulĂ© « Pratiques et l’enseignement du français : bilan et perspectives » et qui s’est tenu Ă  Metz les 8, 9 et 10 avril 2015, ont donnĂ© lieu Ă  deux publications complĂ©mentaires. La premiĂšre, dans la collection Recherches textuelles Ă©ditĂ©e par le Centre de recherche sur les mĂ©diations (UniversitĂ© de Lorraine), est consacrĂ©e aux communications portant globalement sur la discipline et sa didactique, ainsi que, plus spĂ©cifiquement, sur la didactique des textes littĂ©raires. La seconde, ici mĂȘme, regroupe les communications qui couvrent les domaines de la langue, des textes et des discours. Les deux grandes parties du sommaire – d’un cĂŽtĂ© les bilans et cadrages, de l’autre les applications didactiques Ă  un objet plus circonstanciĂ© – rappellent Ă  leur façon combien demeurent dĂ©licates la dĂ©limitation des domaines et les articulations entre des points de vue « pratiques » et « thĂ©oriques » au sein d’une mĂȘme discipline scolaire (le français)
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