The motivational factors of higher educated Iranian immigrant women: a phenomenological study of Iranian women and influences on academic achievement and work-life integration in the United States

This qualitative study provides information on the experiences and perceptions of women who immigrated to the U.S. after the 1979 Iran Islamic Revolution to pursue higher education and professional careers. The study offers new understanding of strategies used to overcome obstacles in completing academic goals in the U.S., pursuing professional careers, and negotiating balance between home-life and career. The study focused on 3 research questions: 1. How did family expectations and Iranian culture influence Iranian women’s academic goals and family-life balance decisions? 2. What experiences (motivations and drives) shaped the life course of high-achieving Iranian women, and how did these experiences impact their professional careers and family-life -balance decisions? 3. What strategies were utilized to support their professional careers while still creating a balance between their work- and home-life obligations? The study was patterned after the Giele (2008) research that used the life story method, which focused on 5 periods in the lives of study participants: childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, current life, and future plans. A semi-structured survey instrument elicited open-ended responses grouped into 4 sections: Identity, drive and motivation, relational style, and adaptive style. The data was provided by 21 women who met the selection criteria of the study and agreed to participate in face-to-face interviews. The findings centered on the participants’ need to find a meaningful balance between work- and home life. Family was a key priority of all of the respondents, an influence that mirrored Iranian society values. The women who made the choice to immigrate felt pressure to succeed in all of their endeavors. Additional findings highlighted the importance of the participants’ self-efficacy and expectations of high achievements instilled in their early years, along with their strong aspirations to excel in professional careers. Having one or more mentors and accommodations made by immediate and extended family members supported the participants in meeting their work-life balance goals. The findings can be useful to other women immigrants to the U.S. who seek work-life balance as they adhere to the traditional female roles of their home countries and adapt to the demands of professional careers in the U.S

How to improve satisfaction and loyalty in Vistamar Hotel Spain

This work is included two parts: 1. Some theoretical points about satisfaction and loyalty and the relation between them. 2. The practical internship aspects and observing the problems in this hotel and how managing them. I have done my internship mainly in the reception and accounting department of Vistamar hotel apartment for three months. The hotel is a part of Entree hotel chain which is centralized in Germany. The chain is included some three and four stars hotels in Germany and Spain. The internship objective was to know how improving satisfaction and loyalty of guests in the hotel and finding the relation between them in Vistamar hotel. I had no plan to work in accounting department but practically I worked there during my internship. At first, I thought that maybe this department has no relation with customer satisfaction, but along the time that I worked there I could understand and find the relation not only on customer satisfaction but also on employee's satisfaction in all departments of the hotel. Another part of the work is focused on customer satisfaction and loyalty in the hotel industry. First of all, there are some specifications and features of the satisfaction and loyalty theoretically and then the elements which influence on them and the relation between them and finally the ways of how improving and increasing satisfaction and loyalty in this hotel. To find the level of customer satisfaction and loyalty in this hotel, daily observation in front desk department which is the most important place to reflect the complaints of the guests and the reviewers' comments on TripAdvisor travel website have been considered as the basis of the work

A Comparative Study of Adlerian Masculine Protest in Jonathan Franzen’s The Corrections and Freedom: Individuality despite Similarity

This article is studying some of the characters in The Corrections (2001) and Freedom (2010) by Jonathan Franzen (1959) in the light of Alfred W. Adler's (1870-1937) concept of masculine protest. Adler has introduced different aspects of masculine protest some of which are found in the studied novels. This article intends to find the characters who suffer from masculine protest because of the fact that this concept is one of the elements that demonstrates people's inferiority and superiority complex which are the causes of neurosis. On the next level, the differences between the studied novels based on the studied concept will be mentioned, and finally the link between this concept with post feminism and Freud's theories will be briefly discussed

The effect of hydro-alcoholic Ferulago angulata extract on locomotor activity and anxiety caused by hypoperfusion ischemia in adult male rats

Introduction: Ischemia in rat brain causes severe neuronal damage and causes anxiety disorders. Ferulago angulata extracts contain phenolic compounds with powerful antioxidant activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of F. angulata (Chevilan) extract on locomotor activity and anxiety in ischemia model in rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 50 male Wistar rats weighing 200 to 250 g were randomly divided into 5 groups including intact (control), ischemic hypoperfusion without extract and three groups of ischemic hypo-perfusion, for 14 days, received 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg Chevilan extracts by gavage method daily. For ischemia common bilateral carotid arteries were isolated, blocked in two parts and cut from the middle section. Locomotor activity and anxiety were evaluated during an open field testing. Results: The ischemic group showed a significant increase in anxiety and decrease in motor activity in the open field test. Administration of 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg doses of the extract significantly reduced the number of raising hands, especially at the dose of 200 (P<0.05), and all three doses reduced the number of defecations (P<0.001). Consumption of 400 mg/kg dose of the F. angulata extracts showed a significant increase in the number of movements in the central house in the open field and between houses margins (P<0.05). Conclusion: Ferulago angulata extract reduces anxiety in animal models of ischemia, which is probably due to some phenolic compounds and its antioxidant activity

A proposed pathophysiological role for TNFa in obesity induced cardiac hypertrophy

The a of TNFa in title is the Greek alpha.Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive process occurring in response to mechanical overload or tissue injury. The stimuli for cardiac hypertrophy are diverse and vary from increased afterload on the heart to cardiac remodeling in response to cytokines. Amongst others, obesity is characterized by excessive body weight resulting in metabolic disorders. This excess body weight necessitates an increased blood and oxygen delivery to the peripheral tissues, which is achieved by an elevated cardiac output. Total blood volume is also increased in the obese due to the increased tissue volume and vascularity. With time, the obesity induced increase in cardiac preload results in left ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation. Obesity is also associated with complications such as hypertension, insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism. In addition, adipose tissue has been implicated to contribute to elevated circulating TNFa levels in obesity and may contribute to the pathophysiology of the heart in obese individuals. The heart is a major cytokine-producing organ that generates amongst others tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa). TNFa is a proinflammatory cytokine, which acts to increase its own production, has cytotoxic and cytostatic effects on certain tumor cells and influences growth and differentiation in virtually all cell types including cardiomyocytes. Elevated levels of TNFa are detected peripherally in almost all forms of cardiac injury and in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. These elevations are proposed to be deleterious to the heart, although an adaptive role for low levels of TNFa has been proposed. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine whether there is a correlation between obesity and serum, myocardial, and adipose tissue TNFa levels and cardiac hypertrophy. We also wished to determine whether the hearts from the obese animals functioned normally under normoxic conditions and whether they responded differently to ischaemia/reperfusion when compared with their concurrent controls. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=100) were fed a high caloric diet (HCD) containing 33% rat chow, 33% condensed milk, 7% sucrose and 27% water, or standard laboratory rat chow for 6-12 weeks. Food consumption, body weight gain, heart weight and tibia length were measured. Serum glucose, insulin and lipid levels were also determined. Hearts were excised and perfused on the isolated Working Heart perfusion apparatus and cardiac function was monitored and documented. Hearts were then subjected to 15 minutes of total global ischaemia at 370C, and reperfused for 30 minutes. Cardiac function was again documented. A separate series of hearts were freeze-clamped at different time points during the experimental protocol and stored in liquid nitrogen for the determination of myocardial TNFa and cGMP levels. Serum TNFa levels were determined after 12 weeks on the high caloric or normal/control diet. After 12 weeks on the diet myocardial TNFa levels of the HCD fed animals and their concurrent controls were determined before and during ischaemia. Adipose tissue and myocardial tissue TNFa levels were also determined after 6, 9 and 12 weeks on the respective diets. Myocardial cGMP levels were measured in the HCD fed rats and the control rats after 6, 9, and 12 weeks. These data were used as an indirect index to determine whether the myocardial NOcGMP pathway was activated in the normoxic hearts on the respective diets. Results: The body weight of the HCO fed animals was significantly higher compared with their respective controls after 12 weeks on the diet (459.9 ± 173.8 g and 271.5 ± 102.6 g respectively (p<0.05». The HCO fed animals also had heart weight to body weight ratios that were significantly greater compared with the controls (4.2 ± 0.1 mglg and 3.7 ± 0.1 mglg respectively (p<0.05». The plasma glucose levels of the HCO fed animals were higher than their respective controls (9.2 ± 0.3 mmoiII and 7.8 ± 0.3 mmoiII respectively (p<0.05)), but their insulin levels were similar (12.87 ± 1.02 IlIUlml and 12.42 ± 5.06 IlIU/ml). Plasma lipid profiles (plasma cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HOL) cholesterol and plasma triacylglyceride (TAG)) were abnormal in the HCO fed animals compared with the control rats. Plasma TAG levels in the HCO fed animals were significantly higher compared with the control rats (0.664 ± 0.062 mmoiII and 0.503 ± 0.043 (p<0.05», while plasma cholesterol levels (1.794 ± 0.058 mmoIII and 2.082 ± 0.062 mmoiII (p<0.05» and HOL cholesterol levels were significantly lower (1.207 ± 0.031 mmoiII and 1.451 ± 0.050 mmoiII (p<0.05». Cardiac mechanical function was similar for both groups before ischaemia, but the percentage aortic output recovery was lower for the hearts from the HCO fed animals when compared with their controls (47.86 ± 7.87% and 66.67 ± 3.76 % respectively (p<0.05». Serum TNFa levels of the HCO fed animals were higher compared with the control animals (51.04 ± 5.14 AU and 31.46 ± 3.72 AU respectively (p<0.05», but myocardial TNFa levels remained lower in these animals (312.0 ± 44.7 pglgram ww and 571.4 ± 132.9 pg/gram ww respectively (p<0.05)). During ischaemia these myocardial TNFa levels increased above those of the controls (442.9 ± 12.4 pg/gram ww and 410.0 ± 12.5 pg/gram ww respectively (p<0.05)). The adipose tissue TNFa levels were significantly increased after 12 weeks on the high caloric diet compared with the control animals (4.4 ± 0.4 pg/gram ww and 2.5 ± 0.3 pg/gram ww respectively (p<0.05)). There was no significant difference in the myocardial cGMP levels of the HCD rats compared with the conrol rats after 6, 9 and 12 weeks. Conclusion: 1) The high caloric diet induced obesity, which lead to cardiac hypertrophy in this study. 2) There was a strong correlation between elevated adipose tissue and serum TNFa levels, and cardiac hypertrophy. 3) Elevated serum TNFa levels did not lead to activation of the myocardial NO-cGMP pathway in the normoxic hearts in this model. 4) The hypertrophied hearts from the HCD fed animals had poorer post-ischaemie myocardial functions than their concurrent controls.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: Miokardiale hipertrofie is In aanpassing wat gebeur as In gevolg van meganiese oorbelading of weefsel beskadiging. Verskillende stimuli kan tot miokardiale hipertrofie aanleiding gee soos byvoorbeeld In verhoging in nalading, of miokardiale hermodellering in respons op sitokiene. Verhoging van voorbelading in vetsug mag ook tot hipertrofie aanleiding gee. Vetsug word gekenmerk deur In oormatige liggaamsmassa wat tot metaboliese versteurings lei. Die oormatige liggaamsmassa vereis In verhoging in bloed- en suurstofverskaffing aan die perifere weefsel wat deur In verhoging in die kardiale uitset vermag kan word. Die bloed volume van In vetsugtige individu word ook verhoog as gevolg van In verhoging in weefselvolume en vaskulariteit en met verloop van tyd induseer die verhoogde kardiale voorbelading linker ventrikulêre hipertrofie en dilatasie. Vetsug word ook met verskeie ander siekte toestande soos hipertensie, insulien weerstandigheid en versteurde glukose metabolisme, geassosieer. Vetweefsel dra ook by tot verhoging van tumor nekrose faktor alfa (TNFa) vlakke in die bloed, wat op sy beurt tot miokardiale hipertrofie mag bydra. TNFa is In proinflammatoriese sitokien wat sy eie produksie kan stimuleer. Dit het ook sitotoksiese en sitostatiese effekte op sekere tumor selle en kan groei en differensiasie in bykans alle seltipes, insluitende kardiomiosiete, stimuleer. Die hart kan ook TNFa produseer en verhoogde TNFa vlakke word feitlik in alle vorms van miokardiale besering en hipertrofiese kardiomiopatie waargeneem. Daar word voorgestel dat verhoogde TNFa vlakke vir die hart nadelig is, ten spyte van die vermoeding dat die sitokien In potensiële aanpassings rol by laer vlakke het. Doelstelling: Die doel van hierdie studie was om vas te stelof daar 'n verband tussen vetsug en serum, miokardiale en vetweefsel TNFa vlakke en miokardiale hipertrofie, bestaan. Ons het ook gepoog om te bepaal of harte van vetsugtige diere normaal funksioneer en of die response van sulke harte op isgemie-herperfusie van die van ooreenstemmende kontroles verskil. Materiaal en tegnieke: Manlike Sprague-Dawley rotte (n=100) is vir 6-12 weke op 'n hoë kalorie dieët (HKD) geplaas. Die HKD het uit 33% rotkos, 33% gekondenseerde melk, 7% sukrose en 27% water bestaan. Kontrole diere het standaard laboratorium rotkos ontvang. Voedselinname, liggaamsmassa toename, serum insulien, glukose en lipied vlakke is ook bepaal. Harte is geïsoleer en geperfuseer volgens die Werk Hart perfusie metode en hart funksie is gemonitor en gedokumenteer. Harte is vervolgens aan 15 minute globale isgemie by 3rC blootgestel en daarna weer vir 30 minute geherperfuseer waartydens hartfunksie weer gedokumenteer is. 'n Aparte groep harte is op spesifieke tydsintervalle gedurende die eksperimentele protokol gevriesklamp en in vloeibare stikstof gestoor vir die bepaling van miokardiale TNFa en sGMP vlakke. Serum TNFa vlakke is bepaal na 12 weke op die dieët. Na die diere 12 weke op die HKD was, is hierdie diere en hulooreenstemmende kontroles se miokardiale TNFa vlakke voor en na isgemie bepaal. Vetweefsel en miokardiale TNFa vlakke is ook onderskeidelik na 6, 9 en 12 weke bepaal. Miokardiale sGMP vlakke is in die HKD diere en in die kontrole diere na 6, 9 en 12 weke bepaal. sGMP vlakke is gebruik as 'n indirekte indeks van aktivering van die miokardiale NO-sGMP boodskapper pad. Resultate: Na 12 weke op die dieët was die liggaamsmassa van die HKD diere beduidend hoër in vergeleke met hulooreenstemmende kontroles (459.9 ± 173.8 g en 271.5 ± 102.6 g (p<0.05)). Die HKD diere se hart massa tot liggaam massa verhouding was ook beduidend hoër in vergelyking met die van kontroles (4.2 ± 0.1 mglg en 3.7 ± 0.1 mglg (p<0.05)). Alhoewel insulien vlakke dieselfde was (12.42 ± 5.06 j.lIU/ml en 12.87 ± 1.02 j.lIU/ml), was serum glukose vlakke van die HKD diere hoër as die van die ooreenstemmende kontroles (9.2 ± 0.3 mmoiii en 7.8 ± 0.3 mmoiii (p<0.05)). Plasma lipied profiele (HOL cholesterol, plasma cholesterol en trigliseriede) was abnormaal in die HKD diere. Plasma TAG vlakke in die HKD diere was beduidend hoër as die van die kontroles (0.664 ± 0.062 mmoiii en 0.503 ± 0.043 (p<0.05)), terwyl plasma cholesterol vlakke (1.794 ± 0.058 mmoiii en 2.082 ± 0.062 mmoiii (p<0.05)) en HOL cholesterol vlakke beduidend laer was (1.207 ± 0.031 mmoiii en 1.451 ± 0.050 mmoiii (p<0.05)). Miokardiale meganiese funksie was dieselfde vir beide groepe voor isgemie, maar die persentasie aorta omset herstel tydens herperfusie was laer in die HKD diere in vergelyking met die van kontrole diere (47.86 ±. 7.87% en 66.67 ± 3.76% (p<0.05)). Serum TNFa vlakke van die HKD diere was beduidend hoër as die van kontrole diere (51.04 ± 5.14 AU en 31.46 ± 3.72 AU (p<0.05)), maar miokardiale TNFa vlakke was laer (312.0 ± 44.7 pglgram nat gewig en 571.4 ± 132.9 pglgram nat gewig (p<0.05)). Die vetweefsel TNFa vlakke was ook beduidend verhoog na 12 weke op "n hoë kalorie dieët wanneer dit vergelyk word met die van kontrole diere (4.4 ± 0.4 pglgram nat gewig en 2.5 ± 0.3 pglgram nat gewig respektiewelik (p<0.05)). Daar was geenbeduidende verskille in die miocardiale vlakke van sGMP in die HKD diere in vergelyking met die kontroles na 6, 9 en 12 weke. Gevolgtrekkings: 1) "n Hoë kalorie dieët het in dié studie vetsug geïnduseer en tot miokardiale hipertrofie gelei. 2) Daar was "n positiewe korrelasie tussen verhoogde vetweefsel en serum TNFa vlakke, en miokardiale hipertrofie. 3) Verhoogde serum TNFa vlakke het nie tot die aktivering van die miokardiale NO-sGMP pad in hierdie model gelei nie. 4) Die hipertrofiese harte het tydens herperfusie ná isgemie swakker as hulooreenstemmende kontroles gefunksioneer

To identify and review the effective factors of attracting and retaining professional physicians in management of social security of Tehran province and ITS subordinate units

The importance of human resource cannot be ignored in today’s global and complicated environment. The importance of human resource management and especially, human resource talent management, would appear in a point that, in the new economy, the important resource for economy, is knowledge and, in this current era, human resource knowledge is a competitive advantage and in among other manufacturing factors is as an important factor and also invisible organizational assets that, in organizational structures and process would, apply and make possible the situation to innovation. Regarding to this situations, attracting and retaining human resources in organizations are facing to its complicities and challenges, without focusing on the effective factors on it and also non-recognition, human resource management project would face with failure undoubtedly. Secondary data were collected via library study and with using of the questionnaire made by the researcher and, then, the basic information research was collected that validity and variables was verified formally and also the questionnaire reliability with a pre- testing by using of Cronbach’s Alpha test that was equal with 0.89 was verified. Statistical Society is the all professional physicians in the management of Social Security of Tehran province and its subordinate units and based on Morgan Krejcie table in 95 percent confidence level, between 1272 persons in the mentioned statistical society, 259 persons were selected as sample research. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics are used. Friedman test is used for ratings research’s variables by helping SPSS software. The results reveal that about 50% of female responders and the rest of that were males and over 85% of responders were physicians and about 75% of responders were having a professional PHD degree and the rest of them were having a master degree and about 61% were having job’s history who were over 20 years old. Keywords: attracting and retaining, organizational talents, talent management, human resource management, professional physicians, management of remedy social security. JEL Classification: M12. M55, O1

The role of job and personality fit in the employee's organizational commitment of Guilan Agricultural Organization

Noble &amp; Mkwa (1999) defined organizational commitment as the degree in which a person identifies the organization's goals and values and acting toward it. Herscovitch &amp; Meyerz (2002) go far beyond and have defined organizational commitment as a force that link individual to functional flow required for the successful implementation of change initiatives (Turner et al, 2008, p34). Efficiency and development of any organization largely depends on the proper function of human capital. Organizational commitment is the intangible factor affecting employee performance. Organizational commitment is associated with several factors. According to John Holland one of these factors is job and personality fit. In this paper, we explain the employee's organizational commitment of Guilan Agricultural Organization. The purpose of this study was to assess the appropriateness of the job and personality in organizational commitment. For this purpose, among the 2370 personnel of Guilan Agricultural Organization, 400 people were randomly selected and data collected through the questionnaire. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and Duncan using SPSS software. The results showed that the research hypothesis is confirmed. The results show that there is a relationship between personality types in different job categories and organizational commitment

The role of job and personality fit in the employee's organizational commitment of Guilan Agricultural Organization

Noble &amp; Mkwa (1999) defined organizational commitment as the degree in which a person identifies the organization's goals and values and acting toward it. Herscovitch &amp; Meyerz (2002) go far beyond and have defined organizational commitment as a force that link individual to functional flow required for the successful implementation of change initiatives (Turner et al, 2008, p34). Efficiency and development of any organization largely depends on the proper function of human capital. Organizational commitment is the intangible factor affecting employee performance. Organizational commitment is associated with several factors. According to John Holland one of these factors is job and personality fit. In this paper, we explain the employee's organizational commitment of Guilan Agricultural Organization. The purpose of this study was to assess the appropriateness of the job and personality in organizational commitment. For this purpose, among the 2370 personnel of Guilan Agricultural Organization, 400 people were randomly selected and data collected through the questionnaire. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and Duncan using SPSS software. The results showed that the research hypothesis is confirmed. The results show that there is a relationship between personality types in different job categories and organizational commitment