236 research outputs found
The influence of implicit theories and offender characteristics on judgements of sexual offenders: a moderated mediation analysis
The psychological factors underpinning responses to sexual offenders are beginning to receive increased empirical scrutiny. One such factor is offender representativeness, which refers to the extent to which a given offender example matches a stereotype of those who are typically labelled as 'sexual offenders'. Using a sample of 252 community members, we examined the role of implicit theories about sexual offenders (i.e., whether sexual offending is seen as fixed or malleable) in mediating the relationship between affective responses to sexual offenders and policy outcome judgements. We found support for this mediating effect, although this was eliminated when participants were presented with a 'non-representative' offender vignette. We argue that the relationship between affective responses and policy judgements is contingent on the activation of a sexual offender stereotype, and that this link can be disrupted via the increased presentation of non-stereotypical case examples. Implications for public debate and professional practice are discussed
Distorted cognition related to male sexual offending: the multi-mechanism theory of cognitive distortions (MMT-CD)
Cognitive distortions are considered an important factor to the etiology and maintenance of sexual offending behavior in males. A predominant view within the literature is that cognitive distortions are cognitive products that arise from deeper cognitive structures, although it has also been proposed that goals and situational factors can play a role. In this article, we provide an updated theoretical account of cognitive distortions in males â the Multi-Mechanism Theory of Cognitive Distortions (MMT-CD). Adopting a dual-process perspective, and incorporating the concept of motivated cognition and the effects of visceral factors, we propose that cognitive distortions arise from three mechanisms, which can be identified in terms of their temporal occurrence to an offence. Mechanism I accounts for cognitive distortions that arise long before an offense is committed but serve to influence an individualâs life-course and goals in a way that brings them closer eventually sexually offending. Mechanism II accounts for distortions that arise in the lead up to or immediately before a sexual offence, thus, providing a justification for committing an offense. Mechanism III accounts for distortions that are formed post-offense as a result of the adversarial context of the individualâs social environment. We describe: (1) the nature of the each mechanism; (2) the way they underpin particular distortions; (3) the role they play in the etiology of sex offending; (4) and how they may play out in research and practice
The influence of fantasy proneness, dissociation, and vividness of mental imagery on male's aggressive sexual fantasies
Many researchers have studied the prevalence and content of men's aggressive sexual fantasies, including their link with rape-supportive cognition. However, little to no research has examined the link between imaginal ability and the use of such fantasies. Based on existing research and theory, we propose that men who hold hostile beliefs towards women will use aggressive sexual fantasies more often if they possess a greater ability to engage in a ârich fantasy lifeâ. Operationally, we argue this involves: (1) a proneness to fantasize in general; (2) an ability to vividly envision mental imagery; and (3) frequent experiences of dissociation. To test this, the present study hypothesized that a latent variable termed âRich Fantasy Lifeâ, via âHostile Beliefs about Womenâ, influences the use of âAggressive Sexual Fantasiesâ. A sample of 159 community males was recruited. Each participant completed a measure of fantasy proneness, dissociation, and vividness of mental imagery, along with two measures that assess hostile beliefs about women. Assessing how often the participants fantasized about rape-related and sadistic themes provided a measure of aggressive sexual fantasies. Structural equation modeling (along with bootstrapping procedures) indicated that the data had a very good fit with the hypothesized model. The results offer an important contribution to our understanding of aggressive sexual fantasies, which may have implications for clinical assessment and treatment. The limitations of the study are discussed, along with suggestions for future research
NLO BFKL Equation, Running Coupling and Renormalization Scales
I examine the solution of the BFKL equation with NLO corrections relevant for
deep inelastic scattering. Particular emphasis is placed on the part played by
the running of the coupling. It is shown that the solution factorizes into a
part describing the evolution in Q^2, and a constant part describing the input
distribution. The latter is infrared dominated, being described by a coupling
which grows as x decreases, and thus being contaminated by infrared
renormalons. Hence, for this part we agree with previous assertions that
predictive power breaks down for small enough x at any Q^2. However, the former
is ultraviolet dominated, being described by a coupling which falls like
1/(\ln(Q^2/\Lambda^2) + A(\bar\alpha_s(Q^2)\ln(1/x))^1/2)with decreasing x, and
thus is perturbatively calculable at all x. Therefore, although the BFKL
equation is unable to predict the input for a structure function for small x,
it is able to predict its evolution in Q^2, as we would expect from the
factorization theory. The evolution at small x has no true powerlike behaviour
due to the fall of the coupling, but does have significant differences from
that predicted from a standard NLO in alpha_s treatment. Application of the
resummed splitting functions with the appropriate coupling constant to an
analysis of data, i.e. a global fit, is very successful.Comment: Tex file, including a modification of Harvmac, 46 pages, 8 figures as
.ps files. Correction of typos, updating of references, very minor
corrections to text and fig.
The quark part of the non-forward BFKL kernel and the ``bootstrap'' for the gluon Reggeization
We calculate the quark part of the kernel of the generalized non-forward BFKL
equation at non-zero momentum transfer in the next-to-leading logarithmic
approximation. Along with the quark contribution to the gluon Regge trajectory,
this part includes pieces coming from the quark-antiquark production and from
the quark contribution to the radiative corrections in one-gluon production in
the Reggeon-Reggeon collisions. The results obtained can be used for an
arbitrary representation of the colour group in the channel. Using the
results for the adjoint representation, we demonstrate explicitly the
fulfillment of the ``bootstrap'' condition for the gluon Reggeization in the
next-to-leading logarithmic approximation in the part concerning the quark
contribution.Comment: 26 pages, LaTeX, uses axodraw.sty; revised final comment; to appear
on Phys. Rev.
Assessment and treatment of distorted schemas in sexual offenders
The aim of this review is to examine the literature related to the assessment and treatment of sex offendersâ distorted schemas. Where appropriate, the review draws upon current insights from the field of social cognition to aid in the critical evaluation of the findings. First, the review considers the various different methodologies for assessing distorted schemas, discussing their strengths and limitations. Second, the review examines the work related to the treatment of sex offendersâ schemas. Suggestions for future research, and the implications for clinical practice, are highlighted in the article
Heavy quark impact factor in kT-factorization
We present the calculation of the finite part of the heavy quark impact factor at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy in a form suitable for phenomenological studies such as the calculation of the cross-section for single bottom quark production at the LHC within the kT-factorization scheme
Do we need two Pomerons?
We show that one single Pomeron compatible with the Froissart limit, can
account for all the present HERA data.Comment: The title has been modified and some references adde
Diffractive Higgs Production by AdS Pomeron Fusion
The double diffractive Higgs production at central rapidity is formulated in
terms of the fusion of two AdS gravitons/Pomerons first introduced by Brower,
Polchinski, Strassler and Tan in elastic scattering. Here we propose a simple
self-consistent holographic framework capable of providing phenomenologically
compelling estimates of diffractive cross sections at the LHC. As in the
traditional weak coupling approach, we anticipate that several phenomenological
parameters must be tested and calibrated through factorization for a
self-consistent description of other diffractive process such as total cross
sections, deep inelastic scattering and heavy quark production in the central
region.Comment: 53 pages, 8 figure
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