Effects of ultrasonic waves on enhancement of relative volatilities in methanol-water mixtures

The application of ultrasonic wave in various fields including separation process has increased predominantly. This paper reports the practicability of using ultrasonic wave to enhance separation of binary mixtures by distillation. The binary mixture utilized was methanol-water. The effect of different ultrasonic intensity at 50, 100, 200 and 250 W/A.cm2 with frequency of 40 kHz to vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of methanol-water was investigated to obtain the most suitable operating intensity. Experimental studies were also carried out to investigate the frequency effect (25 and 68 kHz) to VLE data. It was found that the use of ultrasonic wave enhanced the separation process by increasing the relative volatility of components. The highest average relative volatility of methanol-water at 29.413 was obtained from experimental study using intensity 200 W/A.cm2 and frequency of 25 kHz. The changes in relative volatility and VLE were caused by cavitational activities and vacuum effect that occur during transmission of ultrasonic wave in liquid medium. The results from this study proved the practical feasibility of using ultrasonic wave to enhance separation of binary mixtures in distillation column

Pengajaran dan pembelajaran hadith di Darul 'Ulūm Iḥyā’ 'Ulūmuddīn Alor Setar Kedah: keberkesanan, metodologi dan persepsi pelajar

Isu Pendidikan Islam (hadith) sentiasa mendapat perhatian dikaji penyelidik bidang pendidikan ekoran terdapat kelemahan dalam proses Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran (P&P). Metod pengajaran tradisional sering mendapat kritikan daripada metod konstruktivisme disebabkan faktor gaya pembelajaran yang tidak kondusif dengan kemajuan semasa. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai keberkesanan pengajaran hadith menggunakan kaedah syarah dan meninjau persepsi perlajar terhadap metodologi yang diimplementasikan dalam pengajaran hadith terhadap pelajar Thanawi dan Aliyyah di Darul cUlūm Iḥyā’ cUlūmuddīn Alor Setar. Metod kajian berbentuk kajian tinjauan jenis rentas silang (cross-sectional) dengan reka bentuk kajian kuantatif menggunakan soal selidik sebagai instrumen utama pengumpulan data. Teknik persampelan bertujuan (purposive) digunakan setelah mengenal pasti ciri-ciri sampel berdasarkan objektif kajian. Saiz sampel yang terlibat adalah seramai 5 orang guru hadith dan 60 orang pelajar Thanawi dan Aliyyah. Dapatan kajian mendapati guru menggunakan metod syarahan disamping kepelbagaian kaedah pengajaran guru hadith bagi menarik minat dan konsentrasi pelajar semasa dalam bilik darjah. Nilai min persepsi pelajaran terhadap metod pengajaran yang diimplementasikan oleh guru juga sangat tinggi menunjukkan sikap positif pelajar terhadap guru, malah membuktikan bahawa guru berjaya menarik minat pelajar dalam pembelajaran hadith. Kajian ini memberi implikasi kepada guru dan pelajar hadith Darul cUlūm Iḥyā’ cUlūmuddīn untuk mempertingkatkan kualiti dan inovasi P&P hadith

A Study on The Ultrasonic Oil Extraction and Insitu Transesterification of Microalgae Biodiesel

The extraction and transesterification of microalgae oil are interesting topics-besides culturing and microalgae strain- in the development process of biodiesel microalgae. This is an experimental laboratory study that was run using ultrasonic homogenizer Omni Ruptor 4000, examining the effect of type of solvent, solvent concentration, alga-solvent ratio, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, ultrasonic pulse and mixing toward yield. Based on Box-Behnken design, a quadratic model is developed to correlate the parameter to surface area to analyze certain factors and combination of dominant factors.The result shows that power, time and pulse as the most dominant factors that influence the yield. In the extraction, the combinations of pulse-time give better result than power-pulse combination. While in the in situ transesterification, the power-time combination give better result that power-pulse combination. Even though the optimum point has not been reached yet, in general the combination of power-time is categorized as the most influential combination to increase the yield.The experimental values versus predicted values use the model equation developed by STATISTICA Software version 6.0. A line of unit slope, the line of perfect fit with points corresponding to zero error between experimental and predicted values is also shown that the coefficient of correlation (R2) is 0.97977 (for extraction) and 0.98743 (for in situ). The density of Nannochloropsis sp is 0.924 g/ml, saponication number is 114, 269 KOH/1 g oil. The percentage of FFA is 19.67% consisting of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated Octadecenoic acid (C18:1) 43.49%, Dedecanoic acid (C12) 16.30%, Hexadecanoic acid (C16:0) 12.51%, Tetradecanoic acid (C14) 11.43%, Octadecadinoic acid (C18:2) 5.85% dan Octadecanoic acid (C18:0) 5.62%

Influence of hydrophilic polymer on proteins separation, molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) and average pore size of polysulfone blend membrane

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of different composition of cellulose acetate phtalate (CAP) on the membrane structural properties of polysulfone (PSf) membrane which in turn affect the separation performance of PSf/CAP blend membrane. The PSf/CAP blend membranes were prepared by using casting solutions contain 17 wt% of polymer via wet phase inversion process. The results showed that increasing the composition of CAP in PSf/CAP blend membranes increased molecular weight cut-off (MWCO), average pore size and pore density which then increased protein solution permeate fluxes but reduced proteins rejection of PSf/CAP blend membranes. Pure PSf membrane has the lowest membrane structural properties compared to blend membranes. This characteristic contributed to decrease in protein permeation flux and increase proteins rejectio

Extraction of Algae Oil from Nannocloropsis sp.: A study of Soxhlet and Ultrasonic-Assisted Extractions

This study aims at describing the characteristics of the microalgae oil extraction from N annochloropsis sp. using soxhlet and ultrasonic. There were two extraction processes that were investigated,Soxhlet-assisted Extraction (SE) and Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction CUE) and both used ethanol solvent. A combination of several criteria was selected to find the characteristics of each extraction. In the SE, a variety of ethanol concentration and time were used; whereas in the UE, a variety of ethanol volwne, time and temperature were applied. The given frequency for all DE treatments was 40 kHz. The quality of algae oil proceeded by SE was shown by the level ofFF A (Free Fatty Acid) and saponification number. In the SE study, the best combination was gained when the ethanol concentration was 70% and the given time was 200 min in which the FFA level was 9.4% and the saponification mnnber was 286.8. While in the DE study, 51.6 min, 98% of ethanol concentration and 69.62°C were the best circwnstance in which the quantity of the oil yield got its maximwn. In SE, the higher solvent concentration, the higher FF A level and saponification nwnber were gained. However, after reaching the peak at particular circwnstance, the saponification nwnber decreased gradually. Meanwhile, DE reduced the length of extraction time

Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) of Castor Oil from Castor Bean

The microwave extraction has attracted great interest among the researchers. The main virtue of the microwave technique is cost-effective, time saving and simple handling procedure. Castor beans was chosen because of its high content in fatty acid, especially ricinoleic acid. The purpose of this research is to extract the castor oil by using the microwave assisted extraction (MAE) using ethanol as solvent and to investigate the influence of extraction time on castor oil yield and to characterize the main composition of the produced castor oil by using the GC-MS. It was found that there is a direct dependence between the oil yield and the time of extraction as it increases from 45% to 58% as the time increase from 10 min to 60 min. The major components of castor oil detected by GC-MS were ricinoleic acid, linoleic acid and oleic acid

Sustainable Innovation and Creativity for Value Creation: A Study of Hospitality Enterprises in Jos Metropolis, Nigeria

Hospitality enterprises in Nigeria are currently experiencing serious stagnation. Their rate of value creation has been on the decline as a result of inadequate sustainable innovation, creative skills, emerging technology, and inadequate adoption of the automation system. This study aims to investigate the impacts of sustainable innovation on creativity for the creation of value in hospitality enterprises in Jos Metropolis. 108 individuals were selected as the sample size through the formula by Morgan and Krejcie. Furthermore, a quantitative approach was applied as the primary method of data collection. The formulated hypotheses were tested using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression method. Based on this study’s findings, a significant association was proven between sustainable innovation and customers’ satisfaction, creativity skills, and competitiveness. However, there was no significant association between the utilisation of technology and the creation of value in hospitality enterprises. Lastly, it is recommended that owner-managers in hospitality enterprises improve their sustainable innovation for value creation and service delivery. They should focus on customers’ needs and satisfaction, the utilisation of technology, in the long run, improvement in the return on investment, increase in profit margins and revenue, and large market share for sustainable growth of the hospitality enterprises in Jos Metropolis. Keywords: Sustainable innovation, Creativity, Value creation, Hospitality enterprises, Jos, Metropolis DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/11-26-04 Publication date:September 30th 201

Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) of Castor Oil from Castor Bean

The microwave extraction has attracted great interest among the researchers. The main virtue of the microwave technique is cost-effective, time saving and simple handling procedure. Castor beans was chosen because of its high content in fatty acid, especially ricinoleic acid. The purpose of this research is to extract the castor oil by using the microwave assisted extraction (MAE) using ethanol as solvent and to investigate the influence of extraction time on castor oil yield and to characterize the main composition of the produced castor oil by using the GC-MS. It was found that there is a direct dependence between the oil yield and the time of extraction as it increases from 45% to 58% as the time increase from 10 min to 60 min. The major components of castor oil detected by GC-MS were ricinoleic acid, linoleic acid and oleic acid

Synthesis, characterization, and demulsification of water in crude oil emulsion via a corn oil-based demulsifier

Natural product-based materials have gained significant interest in replacing the petroleum-based oil chemicals with environmentally friendly materials. A corn oil-based demulsifier has been successfully synthesized by the condensation reaction of corn oil with diethanolamine in the presence of a catalyst applied during separation via a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion. The demulsifier was characterized by FTIR, GC-MS, and LC-QTOF-MS analyses. The surfactant's separation efficacy was studied using the Sany-glass test. The results showed that this new product efficiently demulsified the W/O emulsion with 98% separation achieved. The influence of settling time, demulsifier dosage, and temperature on the demulsification efficiency were investigated. The separation efficiency increased with increasing settling time, demulsifier dose and the temperature conditions accelerate the demulsification process. As well, the interfacial tension decreases with increases of the demulsifier dos