A family of discrete-time exactly-solvable exclusion processes on a one-dimensional lattice

A two-parameter family of discrete-time exactly-solvable exclusion processes on a one-dimensional lattice is introduced, which contains the asymmetric simple exclusion process and the drop-push model as particular cases. The process is rewritten in terms of boundary conditions, and the conditional probabilities are calculated using the Bethe-ansatz. This is the discrete-time version of the continuous-time processes already investigated in [1-3]. The drift- and diffusion-rates of the particles are also calculated for the two-particle sector.Comment: 10 page

Models solvable through the empty-interval method

The most general one dimensional reaction-diffusion model with nearest-neighbor interactions solvable through the empty interval method, and without any restriction on the particle-generation from two adjacent empty sites is studied. It is shown that turning on the reactions which generate particles from two adjacent empty sites, results in a gap in the spectrum of the evolution operator (or equivalently a finite relaxation time).Comment: 8 page

Exactly solvable models through the generalized empty interval method: multi-species and more-than-two-site interactions

Multi-species reaction-diffusion systems, with more-than-two-site interaction on a one-dimensional lattice are considered. Necessary and sufficient constraints on the interaction rates are obtained, that guarantee the closedness of the time evolution equation for $E^{\mathbf a}_n(t)$'s, the expectation value of the product of certain linear combination of the number operators on $n$ consecutive sites at time $t$.Comment: 10 pages, LaTe

Solvable multi-species reaction-diffusion processes, including the extended drop-push model

By considering the master equation of asymmetric exclusion process on a one-dimensional lattice, we obtain the most general boundary condition of the multi-species exclusion processes in which the number of particles is constant in time. This boundary condition introduces the various interactions to the particles, including ones which have been studied yet and the new ones. In these new models, the particles have simultaneously diffusion, the two-particle interactions $A_\alpha A_\beta\to A_\gamma A_\delta$, and the $n$-particle extended drop-push interaction. The constraints on reaction rates are obtained and in two-species case, they are solved to obtain a solvable model. The conditional probabilities of this model are calculated.Comment: 14 pages. Minor changes have been done and a number of references are added. To be published in European Physical Journal

Prevalence of Dental Anxiety among Patients Visiting a Dental Institution in Telangana, South India

BACKGROUND: Anxiety and fear are common problems frequently experienced by patients during undergoing dental procedures across the globe. AIM: The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of dental anxiety among the patients attending the Out Patient Department (OPD) of a Dental Institution in Telangana, South India MATERIALS & METHOD:  A sample of 300 adults (Females =149, Males = 151) with age ranging from 15 years to 60 years were enrolled in the study. Data was collected by using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). Chi Square test and ANOVA was used to find significant comparisons between the different variables assessed in the study (age, gender, educational qualification, income, previous dental visits, previous dental experience and postponement of visit). Futher, Spearman’s Correlation was used to analyse these variables with the mean anxiety scores of the patients.  RESULTS: The prevalence of anxiety among patients in was found to be 3.6%. Reportedly the level of anxiety was found more in females than in males. It was revealed that while age depicted an inverse relationship, postponement of the dental treatment had a direct effect on dental anxiety. CONCLUSION:  Various dental procedures such as drilling the tooth for restorative procedures, injection techniques for various anaesthetic procedures are the most common reasons which cause dental anxiety to patients. Younger adolescents and patients who belong to lower socioeconomic groups were more anxious. Efforts need to be directed towards alleviation of this anxiety to provide quality dental care to one and all

Awareness of COPD in a High Risk Indian Population: A Cross Sectional Study

INTRODUCTION: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a major impact on the health of an Individual and is a burden to the society.AIM: To assess the attitudes towards COPD among smokers who are at a high risk of developing the disease in Ranga Reddy District, Telangana, IndiaMATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional survey conducted among five dental camps conducted in district of Ranga Reddy in current smokers (both bidi and cigarette) aged 45 years and older with a history of at least 10 pack(for cigarette)/bundle(for bidi)-years of smoking. The subjects were distributed over four age groups, which were 45‒49 years, 50‒59 years, 60‒69 years, and >70 Years. Data was collected through a pre-validated, close ended structured questionnaire divided into four parts regarding the participant’s demographics, current health status, symptoms, awareness of COPD, attitudes towards COPD and willingness to quit smoking. Data was analysed using SPSS version 21.0.RESULTS: Of a total of 426 subjects, (male predominance 94.2%.) , people belonging to the age groups of 40-49 years and >70 years reported themselves being in “Good health”. Only 3.5% reported having to know COPD as a respiratory disease as compared to 24.9% of the population who recognised lung cancer as the most common respiratory disease. 46.2% subjects acknowledged that cough was a symptom most commonly associated with COPD. Only a few portion of the subjects (1.8%) were willing to visit a doctor for diagnosis of COPD. Willingness to quit smoking among the respondents was seen in only 24.7% of the population and 14.5% could not decide about the same.CONCLUSION: Efforts are needed to be directed towards proper counselling and education of the people of Ranga Reddy district to prevent them from the ill-effects of Tobacco and its related diseases, especially COPD

Exclusion Processes and boundary conditions

A family of boundary conditions corresponding to exclusion processes is introduced. This family is a generalization of the boundary conditions corresponding to the simple exclusion process, the drop-push model, and the one-parameter solvable family of pushing processes with certain rates on the continuum [1-3]. The conditional probabilities are calculated using the Bethe ansatz, and it is shown that at large times they behave like the corresponding conditional probabilities of the family of diffusion-pushing processes introduced in [1-3].Comment: 11 pages, LaTeX2