Industrial building system : does it good for sustainable building? / S. Roshanfekr, N. M Tawil and N. A. Goh

Housing and building construction is an important principle in sustainable development. The industrialization of building systems has been found to be necessary due to several factors: the fast and continuing progress of today’s world, the industrialization of many aspects of modern living, significant population growth, and the inadequacy and incompetence of conventional construction methods particularly in dense housing situations. This paper investigates the relevance of these factors as the drivers for changing people’s habits and perspectives toward building construction and to justify the introduction of industrialized construction approaches to replace the outdated conventional methods as well as the necessity to provide training in order to achieve product quality

Modified fractional Euler method for solving Fuzzy sequential Fractional Initial Value Problem under H-differentiability

In this paper, the solution to Fuzzy sequential Fractional Initial Value Problem [FFIVP] under Caputo type fuzzy fractional derivatives by a modified fractional Euler method is presented. The Caputo-type fuzzy fractional derivatives are defined based on Hukuhara difference and strongly generalized fuzzy differentiability. The modified fractional Euler method based on a generalized Taylor's formula and a modified trapezoidal rule is used for solving initial value problem under fuzzy sequential fractional differential equation of order. Solving two examples of linear and nonlinear FFIVP illustrates the method

Seasonal Variations in Semen Characteristics in Arabic Rams

The aim of this study was to evaluate the seasonal variations in semen characteristics in Arabic rams. 8 adult Arabic rams at the age of 2-3 years were used for this research. Semen was collected with electro ejaculator every 15 days for a period of 6 months (3 months of in breeding season and 3 months of non breeding season). Semen samples of these rams were subjected to the parameters including semen volume, sperm motility, sperm concentration, abnormal and live sperm percentage. Semen quality difference between breeding and non breeding seasons was significant. Semen volume, sperm motility, percent of live sperm, the percentage of abnormal sperm and sperm concentration determined in breeding and non breeding seasons had significant differences. Therefore, better progressive motility of sperm, sperm concentration, percent of live sperm and low percentage of abnormal sperm clearly explained high fertility potential of male in breeding season when compared with non breeding season. In conclusion, this study indicated that sexual performance of Arabic rams completely dependent on season

Socio-economic contributors to current cigarette smoking among Iranian household heads: findings from a national household survey

Background: The first step in developing a series of appropriate interventions for controlling the epidemic of smoking is to scrutinize surveillance data to understand any contributing socio-economic factors. The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence rates and the socio-economic factors associated with cigarette smoking among Iranian household heads in 2016. Methods: All data related to cigarette smoking were extracted from the Iranian Households� Income Expenditure Survey (IHIES) by the Statistical Center of Iran (SCI). The prevalence of current cigarette smoking was calculated by gender, educational level, employment status, age, and marital status. Then, socio-economic factors associated with cigarette smoking were analyzed using a logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 17.8 for male and 6.6 for female-headed households. Being aged 37�41 years, married, and having a primary school educational level had the highest prevalence for current cigarette smoking in the sample. Being female, unemployed, divorced showed a significant association with the likelihood of current cigarette smoking among household heads. Conclusion: The positive association of current cigarette smoking across all economic levels was an unexpected finding. However, other socio-economic factors including current employment status and educational levels showed expected associations. © 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Population Size Estimates of Street Children in Iran: Synthesis of Multiple Methods

We used four methods (direct count, indirect count, wisdom of the crowd, and unique object multiplier) to map and estimate the population size of street children in six major cities in Iran in 2017. In aggregate for the six cities, the number of street children was estimated at 5296 (interquartile range [IQR] 4122-7071) using the median of the four methods. This corresponds to a rate of 16.3 (IQR 12.5-24.5) per 10,000 children age 5-18 years old, or 3.2 (IQR 2.4-5.3) per 10,000 total population. The total number for street children in the country is estimated at 26,000 (IQR 20,239-34,719) children. Results can help policy-makers advocate for resources, plan programs, and evaluate the reach of programs for street children. The maps created through the course of the population size estimation exercise can also guide outreach efforts to provide street children with health and social welfare services

A Framework Studies of Sustainable Eco Urbanspace

In this study the researcher introducing eco urban sustainable and explain about its components. It also mentions the relationship between urban and green with the description about the elements of sustainable green criteria in eco urban. Urban is known as a place with higher population density, very large proportion of the population live in urban area. They need great facilities for a comfortable life. Being complete of this feature shows the progress of urban development. The urban is a place for living activities, business opportunities, shopping centers, transportation and housing and lots of acting which is related with living. These activities makes urban polluted, noisy, crowded and populous. A city reaches to the sustainability once the planning managers and officials solved urban issues and problems. This strengthens its capabilities with policy, creativity and knowledge considering the abilities and potential which cities have

Lifetime and past-month substance use and injection among street-based female sex workers in Iran

Background: Street-based female sex workers (FSWs) are highly at risk of HIV and other harms associated with sex work. We assessed the prevalence of non-injection and injection drug use and their associated factors among street-based FSWs in Iran. Methods: We recruited 898 FSWs from 414 venues across 19 major cities in Iran between October 2016 and March 2017. Correlates of lifetime and past-month non-injection and injection drug use were assessed through multivariable logistic regression models. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95 confidence intervals (CI) were reported. Results: Lifetime and past-month non-injection drug use were reported by 60.3 (95 CI 51, 84) and 47.2 (95 CI 38, 67) of FSWs, respectively. The prevalence of lifetime and past-month injection drug use were 8.6 (95 CI 6.9, 10.7) and 3.7 (95 CI 2.6, 5.2), respectively. Recent non-injection drug use was associated with divorced marital status (AOR 2.00, 95 CI 1.07, 3.74), temporary marriage (AOR 4.31 1.79, 10.40), had > 30 clients per month (AOR 2.76 1.29, 5.90), ever alcohol use (AOR 3.03 1.92, 6.79), and history of incarceration (AOR 7.65 3.89, 15.30). Similarly, lifetime injection drug use was associated with ever alcohol use (AOR 2.74 1.20�6.20), ever incarceration (AOR 5.06 2.48�10.28), and ever group sex (AOR 2.44 1.21�4.92). Conclusions: Non-injection and injection drug use are prevalent among street-based FSWs in Iran. Further prevention programs are needed to address and reduce harms associated with drug use among this vulnerable population in Iran. © 2021, The Author(s)