272 research outputs found
Multi-Phase Hadamard receivers for classical communication on lossy bosonic channels
A scheme for transferring classical information over a lossy bosonic channel
is proposed by generalizing the proposal presented in Phys. Rev. Lett. 106,
240502 (2011) by Guha. It employs codewords formed by products of coherent
states of fixed mean photon number with multiple phases which, through a
passive unitary transformation, reduce to a Pulse-Position Modulation code with
multiple pulse phases. The maximum information rate achievable with optimal,
yet difficult to implement, detection schemes is computed and shown to saturate
the classical capacity of the channel in the low energy regime. An easy to
implement receiver based on a conditional Dolinar detection scheme is also
proposed finding that, while suboptimal, it allows for improvements in an
intermediate photon-number regime with respect to previous proposals.Comment: final version: minor changes; 8+3 pages and 5 figure
The capacity of coherent-state adaptive decoders with interferometry and single-mode detectors
A class of Adaptive Decoders (AD's) for coherent-state sequences is studied,
including in particular the most common technology for optical-signal
processing, e.g., interferometers, coherent displacements and photon-counting
detectors. More generally we consider AD's comprising adaptive procedures based
on passive multi-mode Gaussian unitaries and arbitrary single-mode destructive
measurements. For classical communication on quantum phase-insensitive Gaussian
channels with a coherent-state encoding, we show that the AD's optimal
information transmission rate is not greater than that of a single-mode
decoder. Our result also implies that the ultimate classical capacity of
quantum phase-insensitive Gaussian channels is unlikely to be achieved with the
considered class of AD's.Comment: v3: final version; 6 pages; 2 figure
Coherent-state discrimination via non-heralded probabilistic amplification
A scheme for the detection of low-intensity optical coherent signals was
studied which uses a probabilistic amplifier operated in the non-heralded
version, as the underlying non-linear operation to improve the detection
efficiency. This approach allows us to improve the statistics by keeping track
of all possible outcomes of the amplification stage (including failures). When
compared with an optimized Kennedy receiver, the resulting discrimination
success probability we obtain presents a gain up to ~1.85% and it approaches
the Helstrom bound appreciably faster than the Dolinar receiver, when employed
in an adaptive strategy. We also notice that the advantages obtained can be
ultimately associated with the fact that, in the high gain limit, the
non-heralded version of the probabilistic amplifier induces a partial dephasing
which preserves quantum coherence among low energy eigenvectors while removing
it elsewhere. A proposal to realize such transformation based on an optical
cavity implementation is presented.Comment: Final version: 6 pages and 4 figure
Decoding Protocols for Classical Communication on Quantum Channels
We study the problem of decoding classical information encoded on quantum
states at the output of a quantum channel, with particular focus on increasing
the communication rates towards the maximum allowed by Quantum Mechanics. After
a brief introduction to the main theoretical formalism employed in the rest of
the thesis, i.e., continuous-variable Quantum Information Theory and Quantum
Communication Theory, we consider several decoding schemes. First, we treat the
problem from an abstract perspective, presenting a method to decompose any
quantum measurement into a sequence of easier nested measurements through a
binary-tree search. Furthermore we show that this decomposition can be used to
build a capacity-achieving decoding protocol for classical communication on
quantum channels and to solve the optimal discrimination of some sets of
quantum states. These results clarify the structure of optimal quantum
measurements, showing that it can be recast in a more operational and
experimentally-oriented fashion. Second, we consider a more practical approach
and describe three receiver structures for coherent states of the
electromagnetic field with applications to single-mode state discrimination and
multi-mode decoding at the output of a quantum channel. We treat the problem
bearing in mind the technological limitations faced nowadays in the field of
optical communications: we evaluate the performance of general decoding schemes
based on such technology and report increased performance of two schemes, the
first one employing a non-Gaussian transformation and the second one employing
a code tailored to be read out easily by the most common detectors. Eventually
we characterize a large class of multi-mode adaptive receivers based on common
technological resources, obtaining a no-go theorem for their capacity.Comment: PhD thesis. 171 pages, 16 figure
The role of women in the juxtaposition between Islam and political Islam: unveiling Arabian nights
The resurgence of Islamic Fundamentalism determined a new wave of interest about Muslim
countries; Islam became a privileged category of analysis to investigate the commitment of
these countries through a democratic path. Women's role in Islam is extremely relevant since
the relationship between religion and gender issues has become a fertile ground of discussion
in academia, and also in local and transnational politics, in colonial and postcolonial analysis,
in the affirmation of economic and political powers, and in the definition of identities.
This Master thesis unfolds some pivotal issues to highlight the Quran and the Sunnah’s
gender egalitarian attitude. Thus Sharia is enforced on the base of an ahistorical and
patriarchal interpretation of the sacred texts.
Moreover, there is not only one Political Islam, and women’s living conditions vary notably
from country to country, from region to region.
This work aims at understanding the miscellany, the variety, the juxtaposition among Islamic
morals and legislation in three case studies: Hezbollah, Hamas and the Muslim Brotherhood.
Additionally, it tries to overcome several dualities offering an approach to a society founded
on the Ethic of Care, on Progressive Islam and Islamic Feminism, on the base that each
human being is different from others and that differences enrich us.O ressurgimento do Fundamentalismo Islâmico determinou um novo interesse pelos países
muçulmanos. O Islão tornou-se um foco de análise para estudar o compromisso desses países
para o caminho da democracia.
O papel das mulheres no Islão é de suprema importância, até porque a interrelação entre
religião e questões de género é matéria fértil não só na discussão acadêmica, mas também nas
políticas nacionais/transnacionais, análises colonialistas e pós-colonialistas, na afirmação de
poderes políticos e económicos, e na definição de identidades.
Esta tese de Mestrado foca-se em temáticas essenciais que realçam a igualdade de género no
Alcorão e na Sunnah, a pesar de que a Sharia é cumprida com base numa interpretação
histórica e patriarcal dos textos sagrados.
Não há um único Islã político e a condição das mulheres varia de país para país, de região
para região.
Este trabalho visa uma melhor compreensão da miscelânea, da variedade, da sobreposição da
moral e da legislação no mundo Islâmico a partir do estudo do Hezbollah, do Hamas e da
Irmandade Muçulmana. Também realça as dualidades duma sociedade baseada na ética do
care, num Islão Progressista e num Feminismo Islâmico, assumindo de que cada ser humano é
único e é o que nos enriquece
Optimal quantum state discrimination via nested binary measurements
A method to compute the optimal success probability of discrimination of N
arbitrary quantum states is presented, based on the decomposition of any
N-outcome measurement into sequences of nested two-outcome ones. In this way
the optimization of the measurement operators can be carried out in successive
steps, optimizing first the binary measurements at the deepest nesting level
and then moving on to those at higher levels. We obtain an analytical
expression for the maximum success probability after the first optimization
step and examine its form for the specific case of N=3,4 states of a qubit. In
this case, at variance with previous proposals, we are able to provide a
compact expression for the success probability of any set of states, whose
numerical optimization is straightforward; the results thus obtained highlight
some lesser-known features of the discrimination problem.Comment: v2: added references to previous works closely related to Sec. II;
8+3 pages; 3 figure
Narrow Bounds for the Quantum Capacity of Thermal Attenuators
Thermal attenuator channels model the decoherence of quantum systems
interacting with a thermal bath, e.g., a two-level system subject to thermal
noise and an electromagnetic signal travelling through a fiber or in
free-space. Hence determining the quantum capacity of these channels is an
outstanding open problem for quantum computation and communication. Here we
derive several upper bounds on the quantum capacity of qubit and bosonic
thermal attenuators. We introduce an extended version of such channels which is
degradable and hence has a single-letter quantum capacity, bounding that of the
original thermal attenuators. Another bound for bosonic attenuators is given by
the bottleneck inequality applied to a particular channel decomposition. With
respect to previously known bounds we report better results in a broad range of
attenuation and noise: we can now approximate the quantum capacity up to a
negligible uncertainty for most practical applications, e.g., for low thermal
noise.Comment: v4: corrected typo in Eq. 40; final version, minor corrections; 8+3
pages, 4 figure
Com avaluar el rendiment dels dispositius de comunicació quàntica
Matteo Rosati, del Grup d'Informació Quàntica, ha calculat els límits superiors de la informació quàntica que pot ser transmesa entre dos dispositius. La investigació, publicada recentment a Nature Communications, permet avaluar el rendiment teòric dels dispositius de comunicació quàntica, tant actuals com futurs.Matteo Rosati, del Grupo de Información Cuántica, ha calculado los límites superiores de la información cuántica que puede ser transmitida entre dos dispositivos. La investigación, publicada recientemente en Nature Communications, permite evaluar el rendimiento teórico de los dispositivos de comunicación cuántica, tanto actuales como futuros.Matteo Rosati, from the Grup d'Informació Quàntica, has computed upper bounds on the maximum quantum information that can be transmitted through space. The research, recently published in Nature Communications, allows to evaluate the performance of present and future quantum communication devices for all practical purposes
inkjet sensors produced by consumer printers with smartphone impedance readout
Abstract Inkjet printing technology is showing a disruptive potential for low-cost optical and electrochemical biosensors fabrication. This technology is becoming affordable for every laboratory, potentially allowing every research group to implement a biosensors fabrication platform with consumer inkjet printers, commercially available inks and smartphones for readout. In the present work we developed an example of such platform testing several inks, printers, and substrates. We defined and optimized the protocols assessing the printing limits and the fabricated biosensors electrochemical properties in standard solutions. Our platform has a total cost of less than 450 Euro and a single sensor fabrication cost of 0.026 Euro. Finally, we tested the sensitivity of smartphone-performed impedance measurements with printed biosensors surface coverage by Self Assembling Monolayers (SAM), validating them with standard instruments
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