LÍNGUA, RELIGIÃO E POLÍTICA: O PRESTÍGIO DO LATIM NA IGREJA CATÓLICA

Este artigo é sobre linguagem e sua relação política, influência religiosa e as relações de poder com a Igreja Católica. Mais especificamente, o trabalho discute língua, religião e política como sendo uma triplex societas. Essa relação é possível de ser observada através da área de investigação denominada Política Linguística

OS DESAFIOS DO ENSINO REMOTO NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA com Denise Lino de Araújo

O Projeto Desengaveta Meu Texto, em parceria com Revista Leia Escola,  entrevistou no dia 05 de maio de 2020, a Profa. Dra. Denise Lino de Araújo, coordenadora do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguagem em Ensino (PPGLE) da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG). A entrevista aconteceu através de uma live promovida pelo Projeto com o intuito de debater sobre “Os desafios do ensino remoto na educação básica”

A importância do combate e prevenção da obesidade infantil: uma revisão de literatura / The importance of combat and prevention of childhood obesity: a literature review

Os dados sobre a obesidade infantil são alarmantes. É estimado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) que, até 2025, o número de crianças obesas no planeta será em torno dos 75 milhões. Registros do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) mostram que uma em cada três crianças de 5 a 9 anos no país tem sobrepeso. É de grande importância que seja feita a análise do estado nutricional para verificar as condições de saúde dos indivíduos. A cada dia, a população brasileira passa por um rápido e complexo processo de transição nutricional, onde se evidencia o constante aumento de peso levando as pessoas ao sobrepeso. Segundo a OMS, a obesidade é identificada como um dos principais problemas de saúde pública do século, devido ao seu alcance mundial. Este estudo tem por objetivo identificar quais estratégias de prevenção da obesidade infantil são descritas na literatura dos últimos 11 anos. O presente estudo trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura sobre o combate e a prevenção da obesidade infantil. O estudo foi desenvolvido seguindo algumas etapas de buscas. As intervenções dos 11 estudos analisados variam, e discorrem sobre as ações de políticas públicas; auxílio profissional para avaliar as curvas de crescimento e o estado nutricional da criança; a criação de programas de saúde; promoção da alimentação saudável nas escolas; regulamentação das propagandas de alimentos; aconselhamento e acesso à informação por parte dos pais e responsáveis; formação dos profissionais de saúde; acesso a recursos para atividade física; educação alimentar e nutricional; melhora da qualidade das aulas de educação física; entrevista motivacional; projetos comunitários; e a compreensão das variáveis de influência familiar nos estilos de vida das crianças. De acordo com a análise desses artigos, observa-se que já existem diversas estratégias para o combate e a prevenção da obesidade infantil; sendo imprescindível traçá-las de forma eficaz para o sucesso dos métodos escolhidos

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Análise dialógica de réplicas no gênero comentário on-line: A compreensão responsiva ativa sobre o segundo casamento cristão-católico

From the day Benedict XVI was elected Pope by the Conclave (April 19, 2005) his speech became a spotlight and his words took on universal proportions, not least because he was positioned not only religious themes, but above all, of social interest, such as: economics, consumerism, marriage and divorce. These last two themes, in particular, caused a lot of upheaval in the Brazilian media because of the publication of the Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Sacrament Caritatis (AESC) published on February 22, 2007, which deals about the Eucharist, and in one of its sub-theme of the indissolubility of the marriage. The media, with the intention of spectacular the information, printed in the covers of printed and virtual newspapers that Pope Benedict XVI called the second marriage of social plague. With its emphasis in the word “plague”, the Pontiff’s statement provoked numerous replicas. In this context, it is objet of study in this thesis the dialogical analysis of replicas in the genre online commentary about the Christian-Catholic marriage. In this way, we try to answer the follow question: how does the active responsive understanding to concrete statements about the second Christian-Catholic marriage take place in the online commentary genre? In order to answer this question, it is our general objective to observe how dialogical relations and their ideological effects are given in the online comment genre. The methodology of data analysis was based on the social method of dialogical analysis of language proposed by Bakhtin/Volochinov (2010) whose methodological order for the study of language, starts from the types of verbal interaction then the statements and their genres and the forms of the language. The research corpus consists of two sets of data. One is the Pos-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Sacrament Caritatis and the second is composed by online, commentaries that have emerged as answer to this exhortation. The comments were taken from pages of larges portals, newspapers, forums and blogs, all posted in 2007, year in which the statement was built. The results of research indicate that: a) the concrete statement materializes from its sphere of production/circulation/reception. Thus, for the Christian-Catholic doctrine, marriage is a religious affair, because it is a bond established by God himself. Therefore, the divorce or any other practice that violates this sacrament is not possible; b) its social context cannot be removed from the word, because it is embedded in pragmatic situation that surrounds it. Thus, each word occupies the sense that they give to the sphere of circulation, the speakers, the situation of production, the ideologies, etc. In this way, the meaning is as plural as the contexts, which in turn are not ready, inert, but always in situation of verbal interaction; the subject does not have an alibi that exempt him from a subject of response, that is, when we are in front of a statement we are impelled to respond to him, albeit tardily, silently, verbally, gesture, etc. since we have with him a relation active responsive; d) the replica is constitutive of the dialogical relations that the subjects establish among themselves. Without a subject, without a dialogical relation, there is no replica.Desde o dia em que Bento XVI foi eleito Papa pelo Conclave (19 de abril de 2005), seu discurso tornou-se alvo de holofotes e suas palavras tomaram proporções universais, até porque ele se posicionou não apenas sobre temas religiosos, mas, sobretudo, de interesse social, como economia, consumismo, casamento e divórcio. Estes dois últimos temas, em particular, causaram muito alvoroço na mídia brasileira por causa da divulgação da Exortação Apostólica Pós-Sinodal Sacramentum Caritatis (EASC), publicada em 22/02/2007, que trata da Eucaristia e, em um de seus subtemas, da indissolubidade do matrimônio. A mídia, com a intenção de espetacularizar a informação, estampou nas capas de jornais impressos e virtuais que o Papa Bento XVI chamou o segundo casamento de praga social. Com o tom valorativo na palavra “praga”, o enunciado do Pontífice suscitou inúmeras réplicas. Nesse contexto, constitui nosso objeto de estudo nessa tese a análise dialógica de réplicas no gênero comentário on-line sobre o segundo casamento cristão-católico. Desse modo, buscamos responder a seguinte questão: como a compreensão responsiva ativa a enunciados concretos sobre o segundo casamento cristão-católico se realiza no gênero comentário on-line? Para responder a tal questão, constitui nosso objetivo geral observar como se dão as relações dialógicas e seus efeitos ideológicos no gênero comentário on-line. A metodologia de análise dos dados baseou-se no método sociológico de análise dialógica da linguagem, proposto por Bakhtin/Volochinov (2010), cuja ordem metodológica para o estudo da língua parte dos tipos de interação verbal, em seguida dos enunciados e seus gêneros e das formas da língua. O corpus da pesquisa está composto por dois conjuntos de dados. Um é a Exortação Apostólica Pós-Sinodal Sacramentum Caritatis e o segundo está composto por comentários on-line, que surgiram como respostas a essa exortação. Os comentários foram retirados de páginas virtuais de grandes portais, jornais, fóruns e blogs, todos postados no ano de 2007, ano em que o enunciado foi construído. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que: a) o enunciado concreto se materializa a partir de sua esfera de produção/circulação/recepção. Assim, para a doutrina cristã-católica, o matrimônio é assunto religioso, porque é um vínculo estabelecido pelo próprio Deus. Logo, é incabível o divórcio ou qualquer outra prática que atente contra esse sacramento; b) não se pode retirar da palavra seu contexto social, pois ela está embebida da situação pragmática que a envolve. Assim, cada palavra ocupa o sentido que lhe conferem a esfera de circulação, os falantes, a situação de produção, as ideologias etc. Desse modo, o sentido é tão plural quanto os contextos, que por sua vez não estão prontos, inertes, mas sempre em situação de interação verbal; c) o sujeito não tem álibi que lhe isente de ser um sujeito de resposta, ou seja, quando estamos diante de um enunciado, somos impelidos a responder a ele, ainda que tardiamente, silenciosamente, verbalmente, gestualmente etc., pois temos com ele uma relação responsiva ativa; d) a réplica é constitutiva das relações dialógicas que os sujeitos estabelecem entre si. Sem sujeito, sem relação dialógica, não existe réplica

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

Reduction of cardiac imaging tests during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Italy. Findings from the IAEA Non-invasive Cardiology Protocol Survey on COVID-19 (INCAPS COVID)

Background: In early 2020, COVID-19 massively hit Italy, earlier and harder than any other European country. This caused a series of strict containment measures, aimed at blocking the spread of the pandemic. Healthcare delivery was also affected when resources were diverted towards care of COVID-19 patients, including intensive care wards. Aim of the study: The aim is assessing the impact of COVID-19 on cardiac imaging in Italy, compare to the Rest of Europe (RoE) and the World (RoW). Methods: A global survey was conducted in May–June 2020 worldwide, through a questionnaire distributed online. The survey covered three periods: March and April 2020, and March 2019. Data from 52 Italian centres, a subset of the 909 participating centres from 108 countries, were analyzed. Results: In Italy, volumes decreased by 67% in March 2020, compared to March 2019, as opposed to a significantly lower decrease (p &lt; 0.001) in RoE and RoW (41% and 40%, respectively). A further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 summed up to 76% for the North, 77% for the Centre and 86% for the South. When compared to the RoE and RoW, this further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 in Italy was significantly less (p = 0.005), most likely reflecting the earlier effects of the containment measures in Italy, taken earlier than anywhere else in the West. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic massively hit Italy and caused a disruption of healthcare services, including cardiac imaging studies. This raises concern about the medium- and long-term consequences for the high number of patients who were denied timely diagnoses and the subsequent lifesaving therapies and procedures

International Impact of COVID-19 on the Diagnosis of Heart Disease

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has adversely affected diagnosis and treatment of noncommunicable diseases. Its effects on delivery of diagnostic care for cardiovascular disease, which remains the leading cause of death worldwide, have not been quantified. Objectives: The study sought to assess COVID-19's impact on global cardiovascular diagnostic procedural volumes and safety practices. Methods: The International Atomic Energy Agency conducted a worldwide survey assessing alterations in cardiovascular procedure volumes and safety practices resulting from COVID-19. Noninvasive and invasive cardiac testing volumes were obtained from participating sites for March and April 2020 and compared with those from March 2019. Availability of personal protective equipment and pandemic-related testing practice changes were ascertained. Results: Surveys were submitted from 909 inpatient and outpatient centers performing cardiac diagnostic procedures, in 108 countries. Procedure volumes decreased 42% from March 2019 to March 2020, and 64% from March 2019 to April 2020. Transthoracic echocardiography decreased by 59%, transesophageal echocardiography 76%, and stress tests 78%, which varied between stress modalities. Coronary angiography (invasive or computed tomography) decreased 55% (p &lt; 0.001 for each procedure). In multivariable regression, significantly greater reduction in procedures occurred for centers in countries with lower gross domestic product. Location in a low-income and lower–middle-income country was associated with an additional 22% reduction in cardiac procedures and less availability of personal protective equipment and telehealth. Conclusions: COVID-19 was associated with a significant and abrupt reduction in cardiovascular diagnostic testing across the globe, especially affecting the world's economically challenged. Further study of cardiovascular outcomes and COVID-19–related changes in care delivery is warranted

Impact of COVID-19 on Diagnostic Cardiac Procedural Volume in Oceania: The IAEA Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocol Survey on COVID-19 (INCAPS COVID)

Objectives: The INCAPS COVID Oceania study aimed to assess the impact caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac procedure volume provided in the Oceania region. Methods: A retrospective survey was performed comparing procedure volumes within March 2019 (pre-COVID-19) with April 2020 (during first wave of COVID-19 pandemic). Sixty-three (63) health care facilities within Oceania that perform cardiac diagnostic procedures were surveyed, including a mixture of metropolitan and regional, hospital and outpatient, public and private sites, and 846 facilities outside of Oceania. The percentage change in procedure volume was measured between March 2019 and April 2020, compared by test type and by facility. Results: In Oceania, the total cardiac diagnostic procedure volume was reduced by 52.2% from March 2019 to April 2020, compared to a reduction of 75.9% seen in the rest of the world (p&lt;0.001). Within Oceania sites, this reduction varied significantly between procedure types, but not between types of health care facility. All procedure types (other than stress cardiac magnetic resonance [CMR] and positron emission tomography [PET]) saw significant reductions in volume over this time period (p&lt;0.001). In Oceania, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) decreased by 51.6%, transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) by 74.0%, and stress tests by 65% overall, which was more pronounced for stress electrocardiograph (ECG) (81.8%) and stress echocardiography (76.7%) compared to stress single-photon emission computerised tomography (SPECT) (44.3%). Invasive coronary angiography decreased by 36.7% in Oceania. Conclusion: A significant reduction in cardiac diagnostic procedure volume was seen across all facility types in Oceania and was likely a function of recommendations from cardiac societies and directives from government to minimise spread of COVID-19 amongst patients and staff. Longer term evaluation is important to assess for negative patient outcomes which may relate to deferral of usual models of care within cardiology