5 research outputs found
Unusual prevalence of high-risk genotypes of human papillomavirus in a group of women with neoplastic lesions and cervical cancer from Central Mexico.
Human papillomavirus has been identified as a main etiological agent in the development of cervical cancer. HPV 16 and 18 have been reported the most widely prevalent genotypes worldwide. We conducted a study analyzing the prevalence of high and low risk human papillomavirus viral types in the Mexican state of Aguascalientes and neighboring cities in the states of Jalisco and Zacatecas in central Mexico. Specific viral genotype was determined by a PCR and hybridization-based detection test. The presence of 37 high- and low-risk HPV genotypes was evaluated in 883 female participants. Of these, 350 presented low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL), 176 presented high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSIL), 107 suffered from cervical cancer and 250 women with negative cytological report for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM). HPV 51 was the most prevalent genotype, followed by HPV 16: overall prevalence of HPV 51, including single infections and co-infections was 31.2% in women with LGSIL, whereas prevalence of HPV 16 was 25.1%. Among women with HGSIL, HPV 51 prevalence was 47.2% and HPV 16 was 30.1%. Prevalence of HPV 51 in women with cervical cancer was 49.5% and type 16 was 33.6%. Between single and co-infections, most co-infections were not associated with later stages of the disease, except 51/16 and some others. HPV 51 showed a significant correlation with the progression of the disease (OR = 10.81 for LGSIL, 19.38 for HGSIL and 22.95 for ICC), and when analyzing all other genotypes, five different groups depending on their correlation with all lesion grades were determined. According to our findings, HPV genotype 51 has a higher prevalence than HPV 16 and 18 in the Mexican state of Aguascalientes and neighboring cities in the states of Jalisco and Zacatecas in Central Mexico
Estudio comparativo entre las concentraciones de cadmio y de plomo en placentas de embarazos normales y placentas de embarazos con oligoamnios idiopático.
Low weight, preterm delivery and congenital
malformations can be produce by cadmium and
lead exposition through intrauterine life of the fetus.
Some workers had suggested that cadmium
and lead could interfere with the nutriments placenta
transport. Due a normal placenta function
is necessary for amniotic liquid production, the
heavy metals presence on placenta tissue can
be produce a minor amniotic liquid production.
Objective: our aim was to compare cadmium
and lead concentrations in the normal pregnancies
placenta tissue versus the cadmium and
lead concentrations in oligoamnios pregnancies.
A Perkin-Elmer spectrophotometer with graphite
horn was used to quantify the cadmium and lead
concentrations. Results: The lead concentration
on normal pregnancies placenta was (82.52 ±16 ng/g of dried placenta tissue) versus 202.6 ± 27 ng/
g on the oligoamnios placenta cases. The cadmium
concentration on placenta normal tissues
was 24.7 ± 4.5 ng/g of dried placenta tissue versus
53.6 ± 7 ng/ g on the oligoamnios placenta tissues.
We founded a significant reduction on born
weight to the offspring’s of oligoamnios pregnant
women group. We do not found significant correlation
between cadmium and lead concentrations
and age, gender, occupation, tabaquism or
site of residence.La exposición al plomo y al cadmio durante la
vida intrauterina puede ocasionar en el feto efectos
adversos perinatales tales como malformaciones
congénitas, partos pretérmino y bajo peso al
nacer. Algunos autores han sugerido que el cadmio
y el plomo interfieren con algunas funciones
placentarias como el transporte de sustancias
nutritivas. Dado que el buen funcionamiento placentario
es indispensable para la producción del
líquido amniótico (LA), la disminución en la cantidad
del LA u oligoamnios puede ser resultado
de la presencia de los metales pesados en el
tejido placentario. Nuestro objetivo fue comparar
las concentraciones de plomo y cadmio en
el tejido placentario normal y en tejido placentario de embarazos con oligoamnios y correlacionarlos
con las condiciones del recién nacido.
Utilizando un espectrofotómetro Perkin Elmer con
horno de grafito cuantificamos las concentraciones
de plomo (Pb) y cadmio (Cd). Nuestros resultados
mostraron diferencia significativa entre
las concentraciones de Pb y Cd en las muestras
de placentas del grupo de oligoamnios comparadas
con las del grupo control, (82.52± 16 y de
202.6 ± 27 ng de Pb/ g de tejido seco placentario
y de 24.7 ± 4.5 de 53.6 ± 7 ng de Cd/ g de tejido
seco placentario, respectivamente). Encontramos
también una disminución significativa del
peso al nacimiento de los neonatos del grupo de
oligoamnios. No encontramos correlación entre
los niveles de Pb y Cd y el resto de las variables,
como edad, paridad, ocupación, lugar de residencia
o tabaquismo
Determinación de actividad inflamatoria en pacientes con arteritis de Takayasu mediante tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET)
Objetivos: Determinar la aplicación que tiene la tomografía por emisión de positrones en el seguimiento de pacientes con arteritis de Takayasu con actividad inflamatoria y su correlación con los criterios clínicos establecidos. Métodos: Se incluyeron 35 pacientes con diagnóstico de arteritis de Takayasu. Se determinó velocidad de sedimentación globular, proteína C reactiva, biometría hemática, así como, fibrinógeno y se aplicaron los criterios clínicos de actividad. Se realizó tomografía por emisión de positrones basal de los pacientes positivos para actividad inflamatoria, todos recibieron tratamiento farmacológico. De forma aleatoria se incluyó a 10 pacientes que posterior al tratamiento durante seis meses se les realizó un nuevo estudio clínico y una tomografía por emisión de positrones para determinar actividad inflamatoria. Se compararon los criterios clínicos con tomografía por emisión de positrones tanto del estudio basal como el de seguimiento. Resultados: Los criterios clínicos tuvieron una sensibilidad de 63% y especificidad de 90% para demostrar actividad inflamatoria en forma basal. La sensibilidad de los criterios clínicos disminuyó posterior al tratamiento hasta 27%, en donde se observó que pacientes aparentemente inactivos por clínica, continuaban activos por tomografía por emisión de positrones. Discusión: Éste es el primer estudio que compara de manera prospectiva los hallazgos de tomografía por emisión de positrones antes y después del tratamiento para actividad inflamatoria en pacientes con arteritis de Takayasu. Los criterios clínicos carecen de sensibilidad para la detección de actividad inflamatoria en el seguimiento posterior al tratamiento. Conclusiones: El tomografía por emisión de positrones es una técnica de diagnóstico con una alta sensibilidad y especificidad para el diagnóstico y seguimiento de pacientes con arteritis de Takayasu y actividad inflamatoria
NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics
Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data
NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics
Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data