La obra de arte como contramonumento. Representación de la memoria antiheroica como recurso en el arte contemporáneo

A partir de la década de los ochenta vivimos, sobre todo en la zona del Atlántico norte y Latinoamérica, lo que muchos críticos ya han denominado la cultura de la memoria, un surgimiento en los debates culturales y políticos sobre cuestiones del pasado que han tenido su reflejo en la producción artística contemporánea. La presente tesis se centra en la investigación del tratamiento de la memoria en el arte contemporáneo, en los artistas y las obras que establecen sus discursos en la trasmisión de la preocupación por la memoria, de su interpretación y contraposición con el concepto de historia. Nuestra aproximación a las obras de arte de la memoria toman como punto de partida el concepto de contramonumento, introducido por el especialista en estudios judaicos e ingleses James E. Young para referirse a la puesta en escena de los nuevos monumentos, inicialmente en Alemania, que reúnen una serie de patrones y características, tanto formales como conceptuales, y que desafían la iconografía del monumento tradicional. Apoyándonos en las bases que definen el contramonumento, proponemos una tipología que considera y describe diferentes estrategias y tipos de obras que se exponen en salas de arte, galerías y museos, las cuales enmarcamos en tres bloques. El primero de ellos se centra en aquellas obras que se configuran en base a los conceptos de desmaterialización y lo banal, en las cuales los artistas utilizan objetos descartados para evocar la ausencia de las víctimas de acontecimientos traumáticos de la historia. En un segundo bloque, se analizan artistas y obras que realizan una revisión de la historia, donde las contra-memorias y contra-historias de víctimas y grupos minoritarios sirven para cuestionar las versiones oficiales y hegemónicas de la historia. El último grupo toma obras que recurren al tratamiento de la temporalidad como un agente para activar un ejercicio de memoria en el espectador. El análisis formal y conceptual de estas obras deviene en un análisis de carácter más iconográfico que nos permite sacar conclusiones en torno a sus valores sociales, culturales y estéticos.Martínez Rosario, D. (2013). La obra de arte como contramonumento. Representación de la memoria antiheroica como recurso en el arte contemporáneo [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/34786TESI

Intervención psicoterapéutica grupal intensiva realizada en un entorno natural para el tratamiento del burnout en un equipo de enfermería oncológica

This pilot study aims to test the influence of a group psychotherapeutic intervention on stress and burnout in an oncology nursing team. The psychological intervention consisted of implementing a package for stress inoculation, mainly using cognitive-behavioral techniques. The intervention is carried out intensively, through the coexistence of the group for three days in an accommodation located in a natural mountain environment. We used a quasi-experimental design of two groups (experimental and control) with pre and post-treatment measures. The experimental group was composed of nine members of the nursing team that received the psychological treatment and the control group was composed of eleven professionals from other teams of oncology nursing. The dependent variables considered were, on one hand anxiety and depression (evaluated by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and, on the other hand, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal fulfilment (evaluated by the Maslach Burnout Inventory). The experimental group improved significantly in anxiety (Z = -2.44, P = 0.015, d = 0.71), personal fulfilment (Z =-2.54, P= 0.011, d=-1.29) and emotional exhaustion (Z=-2.08; p=0.037; d=0.94) one month post -treatment. In the pre-treatment, The experimental group showed burnout levels higher than the control group, particularly with regard to the lack of personal personal fulfilment (U=14, P = 0.006, d = -1.61), mainly regarding the lack of personal fulfillment (U=14; p=0.006; d=-1.61). in fact the experimental group had requested psychological intervention. In fact, the experimental group had requested psychological intervention. After the therapeutic experience, the values of the dependent variables were equal in both groups. One year after the intervention, the treated group is still having a significant positive effect on the personal fulfilment (Z=-2.24; p=0.025; d=-1.15) and on the depersonalization (Z=-2.23; p=0.026; d=0.52). We conclude that an intensive program of group cognitive behavioral therapy in a natural setting outside the hospital can be an effective strategy of burnout treatment in oncology nurses.Este estudio piloto tiene como objetivo valorar la influencia que tiene la intervención psicoterapéutica grupal sobre el estrés y el burnout en un equipo de enfermería oncológica. La intervención psicológica consistió en la aplicación de un paquete para la inoculación al estrés, utilizando principalmente técnicas cognitivo-conductuales, llevándose a cabo de forma intensiva, a través de la convivencia del grupo durante tres días en un alojamiento situado en un entorno natural de montaña. Utilizamos un diseño cuasi-experimental de dos grupos (experimental y control) con medidas pre y post-tratamiento. El grupo experimental estaba compuesto por los nueve miembros del equipo de enfermería que recibió el tratamiento psicológico y el grupo control estuvo compuesto por once profesionales de otros equipos de enfermería oncológica. Las variables dependientes consideradas fueron, de un lado, ansiedad y depresión (evaluadas con la Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión) y, de otro lado, cansancio emocional, despersonalización y realización personal (evaluadas con el Maslach Burnout Inventory). Los resultados muestran que transcurrido un mes de la intervención psicoterapéutica grupal, en el grupo de tratamiento se había producido una mejoría significativa de la ansiedad (Z=-2,44; p=0,015; d=0,71) y de la realización personal (Z=-2,54; p=0,011; d=-1,29), igualmente se produjo en este período un gran efecto positivo sobre el cansancio emocional (Z=-2,08; p=0,037; d=0,94). En el pre-tratamiento el grupo experimental manifestaba mayores signos de desgaste profesional que el grupo control, principalmente en lo referido a la falta de realización personal (U=14; p= 0,006; d=-1,61), de hecho había demandado la intervención psicológica. Tras la experiencia terapéutica se produjo una equiparación en los valores de las variables dependientes consideradas entre los grupos, respecto a la situación pre-tratamiento. Al año de la intervención, en el grupo tratado sigue habiendo un efecto positivo importante sobre la realización personal (Z=-2,24; p=0,025; d=-1,15) y sobre la despersonalización (Z=-2,23; p=0,026; d=0,52). Concluimos que el tratamiento cognitivo-conductual grupal, intensivo realizado en un medio natural, ajeno al hospital, puede tener notables ventajas para el tratamiento del desgaste profesional en personal de enfermería oncológica

The Role of Emotional Regulation and Affective Balance on Health Perception in Cardiovascular Disease Patients According to Sex Differences

One of the challenges of aging is the increase of people with chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Men and women experience the disease differently. Therefore, it has an impact on how CVD is treated and its outcomes. This research analyzed the relationship between psychosocial variables and health promotion among cardiovascular patients, paying special attention to sex differences. A longitudinal study with cardiovascular patients (747 in phase 1 (122 women) and 586 in phase 2 (83 women)) was carried out. Participants were evaluated based on their sociodemographic characteristics, affective balance, regulatory negative affect self-efficacy, stress and anxiety regulation strategies, and perceived global health. Results showed that men presented significantly higher scores in positive affect, affective balance, and self-efficacy to regulate negative emotions, while women presented significantly higher scores in negative affect and the use of passive strategies to cope with stressful situations. Regression analyses showed that all psychological variables studied in phase 1 were significant predictors of health perception in phase 2. According to the results, it is necessary to include strategies to improve cardiovascular health through education and emotional regulation, with a gender focus.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad PSI2014–58609-RMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades PDI2019-107304RB-I0

Celia’s Encephalopathy (BSCL2-Gene-Related): Current Understanding

Seipin, encoded by the BSCL2 gene, is a protein that in humans is expressed mainly in the central nervous system. Uniquely, certain variants in BSCL2 can cause both generalized congenital lipodystrophy type 2, upper and/or lower motor neuron diseases, or progressive encephalopathy, with a poor prognosis during childhood. The latter, Celia’s encephalopathy, which may or may not be associated with generalized lipodystrophy, is caused by the c.985C >T variant. This cytosine to thymine transition creates a cryptic splicing zone that leads to intronization of exon 7, resulting in an aberrant form of seipin, Celia seipin. It has been proposed that the accumulation of this protein, both in the endoplasmic reticulum and in the nucleus of neurons, might be the pathogenetic mechanism of this neurodegenerative condition. In recent years, other variants in BSCL2 associated with generalized lipodystrophy and progressive epileptic encephalopathy have been reported. Interestingly, most of these variants could also lead to the loss of exon 7. In this review, we analyzed the molecular bases of Celia’s encephalopathy and its pathogenic mechanisms, the clinical features of the different variants, and a therapeutic approach in order to slow down the progression of this fatal neurological disorderThis work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the European Regional Development Fund, FEDER (grant numbers PI10/02873 and PI13/00314), by the Consellería de Industria, Xunta de Galicia (grant numbers 10PXIB208013PR, ED341b 2017/19 and ED431B 2020/37), and by Fundación Mutua Madrileña (Call 2015). S.S.I. was awarded a Research Fellowship, granted by the Asociación Española de Familiares y Afectados de Lipodistrofias (AELIP)S

Pressure-induced order-disorder transitions in beta-In2S3: an experimental and theoretical study of structural and vibrational properties.

[EN] This joint experimental and theoretical study of the structural and vibrational properties of beta-In2S3 upon compression shows that this tetragonal defect spinel undergoes two reversible pressure-induced order¿disorder transitions up to 20 GPa. We propose that the first high-pressure phase above 5.0 GPa has the cubic defect spinel structure of alpha-In2S3 and the second high-pressure phase (phi-In2S3) above 10.5 GPa has a defect alpha-NaFeO2-type (R-3m) structure. This phase, related to the NaCl structure, has not been previously observed in spinels under compression and is related to both the tetradymite structure of topological insulators and to the defect LiTiO2 phase observed at high pressure in other thiospinels. Structural characterization of the three phases shows that alpha-In2S3 is softer than beta-In2S3 while phi-In2S3 is harder than beta-In2S3. Vibrational characterization of the three phases is also provided, and their Raman active modes are tentatively assigned. Our work shows that the metastable a phase of In2S3 can be accessed not only by high temperature or varying composition, but also by high pressure. On top of that, the pressure-induced beta¿alpha¿phi sequence of phase transitions evidences that beta-In2S3, a BIII2XV3 compound with an intriguing structure typical of AIIBIII2XVI4 compounds (intermediate between thiospinels and ordered-vacancy compounds) undergoes: (i) a first phase transition at ambient pressure to a disordered spinel-type structure (alpha-In2S3), isostructural with those found at high pressure and high temperature in other BIII2XV3 compounds; and (ii) a second phase transition to the defect alpha-NaFeO2-type structure (phi-In2S3), a distorted NaCl-type structure that is related to the defect NaCl phase found at high pressure in AIIBIII2XVI4 ordered-vacancy compounds and to the defect LiTiO2-type phase found at high pressure in AIIBIII2XVI4 thiospinels. This result shows that In2S3 (with its intrinsic vacancies) has a similar pressure behaviour to thiospinels and ordered-vacancy compounds of the AIIBIII2XVI4 family, making beta-In2S3 the union link between such families of compounds and showing that group-13 thiospinels have more in common with ordered-vacancy compounds than with oxospinels and thiospinels with transition metals.This publication is part of the project MALTA Consolider Team network (RED2018-102612-T), financed by MINECO/AEI/10.13039/501100003329; by I+D+i projects PID2019-106383GB41/42/43, financed by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033; by project PROMETEO/2018/123 (EFIMAT), financed by Generalitat Valenciana; and by projects DMREF-NSF 1434897 and DOE DE-SC0016176, financed from US agencies. A. M., and P. R.-H. acknowledge computing time provided by Red Espanola de Supercomputacion (RES) and MALTA-Cluster, and we also thank ALBA synchrotron light source for funded experiment 2017022088 at the MSPD-BL04 beamline. A. H. R. acknowledges the computational resources awarded by XSEDE, a project supported by National Science Foundation grant number ACI-1053575, as well as the time from the Super Computing System (Thorny Flat) at WVU, which is funded in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Major Research Instrumentation Program (MRI) Award #1726534, and West Virginia University. The authors also acknowledge the support from the Texas Advances Computer Center (with the Stampede2 and Bridges supercomputers). A. M. and R. A. acknowledge the support from Olle Engkvists stiftelse, Sweden, Carl Tryggers Stiftelse for Vetenskaplig Forskning (CTS) and the Swedish Research Council (Grant no. VR-2016-06014 and VR-2020-04410). SNIC and HPC2N are also acknowledged for providing computing resources.Gallego-Parra, S.; Gomis, O.; Vilaplana Cerda, RI.; Cuenca-Gotor, VP.; Martínez-García, D.; Rodríguez-Hernández, P.; Muñoz, A.... (2021). Pressure-induced order-disorder transitions in beta-In2S3: an experimental and theoretical study of structural and vibrational properties. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 23(41):23625-23642. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1cp02969j2362523642234

Guanosine inhibits hepatitis C virus replication and increases indel frequencies, associated with altered intracellular nucleotide pools

In the course of experiments aimed at deciphering the inhibition mechanism of mycophenolic acid and ribavirin in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we observed an inhibitory effect of the nucleoside guanosine (Gua). Here, we report that Gua, and not the other standard nucleosides, inhibits HCV replication in human hepatoma cells. Gua did not directly inhibit the in vitro polymerase activity of NS5B, but it modified the intracellular levels of nucleoside di- and tri-phosphates (NDPs and NTPs), leading to deficient HCV RNA replication and reduction of infectious progeny virus production. Changes in the concentrations of NTPs or NDPs modified NS5B RNA polymerase activity in vitro, in particular de novo RNA synthesis and template switching. Furthermore, the Gua-mediated changes were associated with a significant increase in the number of indels in viral RNA, which may account for the reduction of the specific infectivity of the viral progeny, suggesting the presence of defective genomes. Thus, a proper NTP:NDP balance appears to be critical to ensure HCV polymerase fidelity and minimal production of defective genomes.CP is supported by the Miguel Servet program (grants CP14/00121 and CP19/00001) of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III cofinanced by FEDER. CP has received funding from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacio´n y Universidades (grant BFU2017-91384-EXP), from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grants PI18/00210 and PI21/00139), from Fundación La Marato´ (grant 525/C/2021), and from CSIC (grant CSIC-COV19-014). ED has received funding from CIBERehd (Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (grants SAF2014-52400-R, SAF2017-87846-R, and PID2020-113888RB-I00), and from Comunidad de Madrid/FEDER (grants S2013/ABI-2906 PLATESA, and S2018/BAA-4370 PLATESA2). AM has received funding from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (grants SAF2016-80451-P, PID2019-106068GB-I00, EQC2018-004420-P, and EQC2018-004631-P), and Plan Propio of Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. A.G-P and L.DM have received funding from Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades, Junta de Andalucía, cofinanced by FEDER and FSE (grants BIO-264, and P10-CVI-6561) and Plan Propio of Universidad de Málaga.Peer reviewe

Autopsies of patients with acute respiratory disease

Introduction: Acute respiratory disease is the most frequent entity in human life and acute respiratory diseases are among the causes of death. The autopsy is the best method of studying the patient and it is a strength of the Cuban health system. Objective: To determine the demographic and morphological characteristics found in the autopsies of the deceased with acute respiratory diseases. Method: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out of the deceased who underwent autopsy, in the period from 1986 to 2019. The variables age, sex, comorbidities, causes of death and clinical-pathological relationship were studied. Results: The population was made up of 390 autopsies with these conditions (2.5%). The 65 to 84 age group was the most affected in both sexes. In direct causes of death, bacterial bronchopneumonia predominated. The high coincidence in the direct causes of death and the discrepancies in the basic causes stand out. The trend line indicates the progressive increase in the course of the years studied. Conclusions: The demographic characteristics show that all age groups are affected, with a predominance of 65 to 84 years, in both sexes. The lung was the most affected organ in direct causes of death, with a predominance of bronchopneumonia, while the majority had acute respiratory disease as the basic cause of death, with a high discrepancy in its clinical-pathological relationship

Intensive group psychotherapy intervention in a natural environment for the treatment of burnout in an oncology nursing team

This pilot study aims to test the influence of a group psychotherapeutic intervention on stress and burnout in an oncology nursing team. The psychological intervention consisted of implementing a package for stress inoculation, mainly using cognitive-behavioral techniques. The intervention is carried out intensively, through the coexistence of the group for three days in an accommodation located in a natural mountain environment. We used a quasi-experimental design of two groups (experimental and control) with pre and post-treatment measures. The experimental group was composed of nine members of the nursing team that received the psychological treatment and the control group was composed of eleven professionals from other teams of oncology nursing. The dependent variables considered were, on one hand anxiety and depression (evaluated by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and, on the other hand, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal fulfilment (evaluated by the Maslach Burnout Inventory). The experimental group improved significantly in anxiety (Z = -2.44, P = 0.015, d = 0.71), personal fulfilment (Z =-2.54, P= 0.011, d=-1.29) and emotional exhaustion (Z=-2.08; p=0.037; d=0.94) one month post -treatment. In the pre-treatment, The experimental group showed burnout levels higher than the control group, particularly with regard to the lack of personal personal fulfilment (U=14, P = 0.006, d = -1.61), mainly regarding the lack of personal fulfillment (U=14; p=0.006; d=-1.61). in fact the experimental group had requested psychological intervention. In fact, the experimental group had requested psychological intervention. After the therapeutic experience, the values of the dependent variables were equal in both groups. One year after the intervention, the treated group is still having a significant positive effect on the personal fulfilment (Z=-2.24; p=0.025; d=-1.15) and on the depersonalization (Z=-2.23; p=0.026; d=0.52). We conclude that an intensive program of group cognitive behavioral therapy in a natural setting outside the hospital can be an effective strategy of burnout treatment in oncology nurses

Resumen ejecutivo del documento de consenso sobre el manejo de la patología renal en pacientes con infección por VIH

El objetivo de este documento es actualizar las recomendaciones sobre la evaluación y el manejo de la afectación renal en pacientes con infección por el VIH del año 2010. La función renal debe monitorizarse en todos los pacientes e incluir la medida de la concentración sérica de creatinina, la estimación del filtrado glomerular (ecuación CKD-EPI), la medida del cociente proteína/creatinina en orina y un sedimento urinario. El estudio básico de la función tubular ha de incluir la concentración sérica de fosfato y la tira reactiva de orina (glucosuria). En ausencia de alteraciones, el cribado será anual. En pacientes tratados con tenofovir o con factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedad renal crónica (ERC), se recomienda una evaluación más frecuente. Se debe evitar el uso de antirretrovirales potencialmente nefrotóxicos en pacientes con ERC o factores de riesgo para evitar su progresión. También se revisan las indicaciones de la biopsia renal, cuándo enviar el paciente al nefrólogo y las indicaciones, evaluación y manejo del paciente en diálisis o del trasplante renal