Dois mundos: aprender para ensinar e ensinar para aprender

A temática do processo de ensino-aprendizagem/ensinar-aprender tem sido objeto de investigação ao longo do tempo, desde a Antiguidade, por diversos pensadores e autores. É ideia comum entre eles que os agentes e participantes com mais relevo neste processo são os educadores, os professores, as crianças e a família. Os pensadores da educação são unânimes em colocar uma tónica especial na família, tendo em conta que a criança é produto do contexto que a rodeia, muito em especial, da sua família, uma vez que é no seio familiar que ela passa a maior parte do seu tempo. No contexto das relações interpessoais que se estabelecem com a criança, é ponto assente que estas devem ser pautadas pelo respeito, pela compreensão, pela ajuda mútua, pela confiança e pela segurança. Só neste ambiente marcado por uma lógica de organização e estruturação é que é possível levar a cabo um processo de ensinoaprendizagem de qualidade. Assim, no âmbito do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, foi realizado o presente relatório que tem como principal objetivo analisar de uma forma crítico-reflexiva, as experiências e aprendizagens assimiladas após o primeiro contacto com a realidade escolar, em ambos os estágios. Para satisfazer o objetivo do relatório, a organização do mesmo encontra-se estruturado em duas partes, sendo que a Parte I se prende com a caracterização dos contextos socioeducativos e algumas vivências do estágio. Por sua vez, na Parte II são abordadas as experiências-chave que enriqueceram o meu percurso formativo e o desenvolvimento de competências e capacidades pessoais, académicas e profissionais. As reflexões dos estágios e das experiências-chave foram fundamentadas nas vivências assimiladas durante esta fase e, também, assentes nas conceções de autores considerados relevantes para a compreensão das temáticas em causa

Concentration of Inorganic Elements Content in Benthic Seaweeds of Fernando de Noronha Archipelago by Synchrotron Radiation Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis (SRTXRF)

SRTXRF was used to determine As, Ba, Br, Ca, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Fe, K, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn in eleven seaweed species commonly found in Fernando de Noronha: Caulerpa verticillata (J. Agardh) (Chlorophyta), Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile), Dictyurus occidentalis (J. Agardh), Galaxaura rugosa (J. Ellis & Solander) J. V. Lamouroux, G. obtusata (J. Ellis & Solander) J. V. Lamouroux, G. marginata (J. Ellis & Solander) J. V. Lamouroux (Rhodophyta), Dictyota cervicornis (Kützing), Dictyopteris justii (J. V. Lamouroux), Dictyopteris plagiogramma (Montagne) Vickers, Padina gymnospora (Kützing) Sonder, and a Sargassum sp. (Phaeophyta). Data obtained were compared to those from the analysis of other parts of the world seaweeds using different analytical techniques and were found to be in general agreement in terms of major and minor elemental components. Results provide baseline information about the absorption and accumulation of these elements by macroalgae in the area

A tetravalent dengue nanoparticle stimulates antibody production in mice

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Dengue is a major public health problem worldwide, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Infection with a single <it>Dengue virus </it>(DENV) serotype causes a mild, self-limiting febrile illness called dengue fever. However, a subset of patients experiencing secondary infection with a different serotype progresses to the severe form of the disease, dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines or antiviral drugs to prevent or treat dengue infections. Biodegradable nanoparticles coated with proteins represent a promising method for in vivo delivery of vaccines.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>Here, we used a murine model to evaluate the IgG production after administration of inactivated DENV corresponding to all four serotypes adsorbed to bovine serum albumin nanoparticles. This formulation induced a production of anti-DENV IgG antibodies (p < 0.001). However, plaque reduction neutralization assays with the four DENV serotypes revealed that these antibodies have no neutralizing activity in the dilutions tested.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results show that while the nanoparticle system induces humoral responses against DENV, further investigation with different DENV antigens will be required to improve immunogenicity, epitope specicity, and functional activity to make this platform a viable option for DENV vaccines.</p

Contribuições da simulação móvel para profissionais de saúde e comunidade: protocolo de scoping review

The purpose of this Scoping Review is to identify and analyze in the literature the use of the mobile simulation strategy for health professionals and the community. Clinical simulation is a form of active methodology that safely favors the development of various skills and competencies for both students and health professionals, helps decision making by allowing the simulated situation to be repeated without exposing the patient to mistakes. Mobile simulation is a recent field of clinical simulation and refers to the simulation that is transferred to professionals. The question that guides this review is: what contributions from mobile simulation have been identified and evaluated in the training processes of health professionals and the community? The methodological route used for the development of this protocol followed the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute for scoping review, consisting of five steps: formulation of the research question; identification of relevant studies; Selection of studies; mapping of scientific evidence; presentation and interpretation of results.El propósito de esta scoping review es identificar y analizar en la literatura el uso de la estrategia de simulación móvil para profesionales de la salud y la comunidad. La simulación clínica es una forma de metodología activa que favorece de manera segura el desarrollo de diversas habilidades y competencias tanto para estudiantes como para profesionales de la salud, ayuda a la toma de decisiones al permitir la repetición de la situación simulada sin exponer al paciente a errores. La simulación móvil es un campo reciente de simulación clínica y se refiere a la simulación que se traslada a los profesionales. La pregunta que guía esta revisión es: ¿qué contribuciones de la simulación móvil se han identificado y evaluado en los procesos de capacitación de los profesionales de la salud y la comunidad? La vía metodológica empleada para el desarrollo de este protocolo siguió las pautas del Joanna Briggs Institute para scoping review que consta de cinco pasos: formulación de la pregunta de investigación; identificación de estudios relevantes; selección de estudios; mapeo de evidencia científica; presentación e interpretación de resultados.O objetivo desta revisão de escopo é identificar e analisar na literatura o emprego da estratégia da simulação móvel para profissionais de saúde e para a comunidade. A simulação clínica é uma forma de metodologia ativa que favorece de forma segura o desenvolvimento de diversas habilidades e competências, tanto para estudantes quanto profissionais de saúde, e auxilia a tomada de decisão possibilitando a repetição da situação simulada sem expor o paciente a erros. A simulação móvel é um campo recente da simulação clínica e diz respeito à simulação que se desloca até os profissionais. A questão que norteia esta revisão é: que contribuições da simulação móvel têm sido identificadas e avaliadas nos processos de formação de profissionais de saúde e da comunidade? O percurso metodológico empregado para o desenvolvimento deste protocolo seguiu as diretrizes do Joanna Briggs Institute para scoping review, composto por cinco etapas: formulação da questão de pesquisa; identificação de estudos relevantes; seleção dos estudos; mapeamento das evidências científicas; apresentação e interpretação dos resultado

The gut microbiome and metabolome of two riparian communities in the Amazon

During the last decades it has become increasingly clear that the microbes that live on and in humans are critical for health. The communities they form, termed microbiomes, are involved in fundamental processes such as the maturation and constant regulation of the immune system. Additionally, they constitute a strong defense barrier to invading pathogens, and are also intricately linked to nutrition. The parameters that affect the establishment and maintenance of these microbial communities are diverse, and include the genetic background, mode of birth, nutrition, hygiene, and host lifestyle in general. Here, we describe the characterization of the gut microbiome of individuals living in the Amazon, and the comparison of these microbial communities to those found in individuals from an urban, industrialized setting. Our results showed striking differences in microbial communities from these two types of populations. Additionally, we used high-throughput metabolomics to study the chemical ecology of the gut environment and found significant metabolic changes between the two populations. Although we cannot point out a single cause for the microbial and metabolic changes observed between Amazonian and urban individuals, they are likely to include dietary differences as well as diverse patterns of environmental exposure. To our knowledge, this is the first description of gut microbial and metabolic profiles in Amazonian populations, and it provides a starting point for thorough characterizations of the impact of individual environmental conditions on the human microbiome and metabolome

Effect of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 powder addition in the precursor solution on the properties of cathode films deposited by spray pyrolysis

Films of lanthanum strontium manganite, LSM (La0.8Sr0.2MnO3) were deposited on yttria stabilized zirconia(YSZ) substrates by different methods aiming to establish the most suitable route to prepare cathodes forsolid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Samples were obtained by using a solution of lanthanum, strontium andmanganese nitrates or a dispersion of the LSM powder in this solution. Both commercial and synthetizedLSM powders were used, the last one obtained by amorphous citrate method. The films were deposited byspray pyrolysis on YSZ substrates prepared by uniaxial and isostatic pressing. Samples were characterized byscanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, X-ray diffraction and two-probeconductivity measurements. The area specific resistance and relaxation to cathodic activation were measuredby electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The substrate obtained by uniaxial pressing and the commercialLSM produced films with the highest amount of surface cracks. The film obtained from the suspensionshowed area specific resistance and activation energy lower than the other produced from the solution. Forboth samples, the cathodic activation process resulted in an initial reduction of the total resistance of around20%, the sample produced from the suspension being more resistant to relaxation. Therefore, the LSMsuspension is more suitable than the salts solution for preparing films by spray pyrolysis on YSZ substrates toobtain efficient cathodes for SOFC

Heating Capacity and Biocompatibility of Hybrid Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia Treatment

Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide and has been responsible for millions of deaths. However, developing a satisfactory smart multifunctional material combining different strategies to kill cancer cells poses a challenge. This work aims at filling this gap by developing a composite material for cancer treatment through hyperthermia and drug release. With this purpose, magnetic nanoparticles were coated with a polymer matrix consisting of poly (L-co-D,L lactic acid-co-trimethylene carbonate) and a poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction confirmed magnetite to be the only iron oxide in the sample. Cytotoxicity and heat release assays on the hybrid nanoparticles were performed here for the first time. The heat induction results indicate that these new magnetic hybrid nanoparticles are capable of increasing the temperature by more than 5 °C, the minimal temperature rise required for being effectively used in hyperthermia treatments. The biocompatibility assays conducted under different concentrations, in the presence and in the absence of an external alternating current magnetic field, did not reveal any cytotoxicity. Therefore, the overall results indicate that the investigated hybrid nanoparticles have a great potential to be used as carrier systems for cancer treatment by hyperthermia

Fighting HIV/AIDS in a developing country: lessons from a small cohort from the largest Brazilian city

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