Predicted genetic gains by various selection methods in Eucalyptus urophylla progenies

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar parâmetros genéticos e comparar os ganhos preditos por meio de diferentes métodos de seleção em famílias de meios-irmãos de Eucalyptus urophylla. Foi utilizada seleção entre e dentro, seleção combinada e seleção com base em modelos mistos (REML/BLUP) para os caracteres diâmetro à altura do peito, altura total e volume total com casca. Foi utilizado o teste de progênie constituído de 100 famílias de meios-irmãos com 55 meses de idade, em espaçamento de 3x2 m, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições. As progênies apresentaram variabilidade genética significativa e elevada magnitude de herdabilidade para os caracteres estudados, o que evidencia alto controle genético e condições favoráveis para seleção. Todos os métodos avaliados foram eficientes para aplicação no melhoramento de eucalipto. No entanto, a seleção combinada e a seleção por modelos mistos (BLUP) proporcionam estimativas de ganhos significativamente maiores às obtidas com a seleção entre e dentro, e maior eficiência na escolha dos melhores indivíduos dentro da população.The objective of this work was to evaluate genetic parameters and to compare predicted gains using different selection methods in half-sib families of Eucalyptus urophylla. Within and between selection, combined selection and selection based on mixed model equations (REML/BLUP) were used for the traits diameter at breast height, total height and total volume with bark. The progeny test used consisted of 100 55-month-old half-sib families distributed in a 3x2-m spacing, in randomized complete block design with five replicates. The progenies showed significant genetic variability and high heritability for the studied traits, which indicates high genetic control and favorable conditions for selection. All the methods tested were efficient in eucalyptus breeding. However, the combined selection and the selection based on mixed models (BLUP) provided gains significantly larger than those obtained with within and between selections, and were more efficient in the selection of the best individuals in the population

ESTRATÉGIAS NA SELEÇÃO SIMULTÂNEA DE VÁRIOS CARACTERES NO MELHORAMENTO DO Eucalyptus

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509818465The aim of this study was i) to compare the results obtained with the Z index (sum of standardized variables) in relation to the classical (Smith, 1936; HAZEL, 1943) and rank sum indexes (Mulamba and MOCK, 1978) by means of the growth and wood technology traits and ii) to verify the progeny x environment interaction in simultaneous multiple trait selection, based on the Z index. Thus, we used a full sib progeny test of Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus grandis evaluated in two locations in the municipality of Ipaba, Minas Gerais state.  At three years of age, the following traits were evaluated: average yearly increase of wood, wood density, refined pulp yield and effective alkali. There was good agreement in the progeny selection by the indexes. Thus, use of the Z index of standardized variables is a good option in simultaneous selection of multiple traits in the forestry sector through its ease of application and, above all, interpretation of results. The mentioned index revealed efficient in the study of the genotypes x environments interaction.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509818465Este trabalho foi realizado com objetivo de: i) comparar o índice de seleção somatório Z das variáveis padronizadas em relação ao clássico (SMITH, 1936; HAZEL, 1943) e soma de postos (MULAMBA e MOCK, 1978), por meio de caracteres de crescimento e tecnológicos da madeira e ii) verificar a interação progênies x ambientes na seleção simultânea de vários caracteres, com base no somatório Z das variáveis padronizadas. Para isto, foi utilizado um teste de progênies de irmãos completos de Eucalyptus urophylla e Eucalyptus grandis avaliado em dois ambientes no município de Ipaba - MG. Aos três anos de idade, foram avaliadas as seguintes características: incremento médio anual de madeira, densidade básica da madeira, rendimento depurado de celulose e álcali efetivo. Houve boa concordância na seleção de progênies pelos índices. Assim, o emprego do somatório Z das variáveis padronizadas é uma boa opção na seleção simultânea de vários caracteres no setor florestal, pela facilidade de aplicação e, sobretudo, de interpretação dos resultados. O referido índice se mostrou eficiente no estudo da interação genótipos x ambientes

Fluorescent Calixarene-Schiff as a Nanovehicle with Biomedical Purposes

Gene therapy is a technique that is currently under expansion and development. Recent advances in genetic medicine have paved the way for a broader range of therapies and laid the groundwork for next-generation technologies. A terminally substituted difluorene-diester Schiff Base calix[4]arene has been studied in this work as possible nanovector to be used in gene therapy. Changes to luminescent behavior of the calixarene macrocycle are reported in the presence of ct-DNA. The calixarene macrocycle interacts with calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA), generating changes in its conformation. Partial double-strand denaturation is induced at low concentrations of the calixarene, resulting in compaction of the ct-DNA. However, interaction between calixarene molecules themselves takes place at high calixarene concentrations, favoring the decompaction of the polynucleotide. Based on cytotoxicity studies, the calixarene macrocycle investigated has the potential to be used as a nanovehicle and improve the therapeutic efficacy of pharmacological agents against tumors

STRATEGIES IN SIMULTANEOUS MULTIPLE TRAIT SELECTION IN Eucalyptus BREEDING

Este trabalho foi realizado com objetivo de: i) comparar o \uedndice de sele\ue7\ue3o somat\uf3rio Z das vari\ue1veis padronizadas em rela\ue7\ue3o ao cl\ue1ssico (SMITH, 1936; HAZEL, 1943) e soma de postos (MULAMBA e MOCK, 1978), por meio de caracteres de crescimento e tecnol\uf3gicos da madeira e ii) verificar a intera\ue7\ue3o prog\ueanies x ambientes na sele\ue7\ue3o simult\ue2nea de v\ue1rios caracteres, com base no somat\uf3rio Z das vari\ue1veis padronizadas. Para isto, foi utilizado um teste de prog\ueanies de irm\ue3os completos de Eucalyptus urophylla e Eucalyptus grandis avaliado em dois ambientes no munic\uedpio de Ipaba - MG. Aos tr\ueas anos de idade, foram avaliadas as seguintes caracter\uedsticas: incremento m\ue9dio anual de madeira, densidade b\ue1sica da madeira, rendimento depurado de celulose e \ue1lcali efetivo. Houve boa concord\ue2ncia na sele\ue7\ue3o de prog\ueanies pelos \uedndices. Assim, o emprego do somat\uf3rio Z das vari\ue1veis padronizadas \ue9 uma boa op\ue7\ue3o na sele\ue7\ue3o simult\ue2nea de v\ue1rios caracteres no setor florestal, pela facilidade de aplica\ue7\ue3o e, sobretudo, de interpreta\ue7\ue3o dos resultados. O referido \uedndice se mostrou eficiente no estudo da intera\ue7\ue3o gen\uf3tipos x ambientes.The aim of this study was i) to compare the results obtained with the Z index (sum of standardized variables) in relation to the classical (Smith, 1936; HAZEL, 1943) and rank sum indexes (Mulamba and MOCK, 1978) by means of the growth and wood technology traits and ii) to verify the progeny x environment interaction in simultaneous multiple trait selection, based on the Z index. Thus, we used a full sib progeny test of Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus grandis evaluated in two locations in the municipality of Ipaba, Minas Gerais state. At three years of age, the following traits were evaluated: average yearly increase of wood, wood density, refined pulp yield and effective alkali. There was good agreement in the progeny selection by the indexes. Thus, use of the Z index of standardized variables is a good option in simultaneous selection of multiple traits in the forestry sector through its ease of application and, above all, interpretation of results. The mentioned index revealed efficient in the study of the genotypes x environments interaction

Metallo-Liposomes Derived from the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ Complex as Nanocarriers of Therapeutic Agents

The obtaining of nanocarriers of gene material and small drugs is still an interesting research line. Side-effects produced by the toxicity of several pharmaceutics, the high concentrations needed to get therapeutic effects, or their excessive use by patients have motivated the search for new nanostructures. For these reasons, cationic metallo-liposomes composed by phosphatidylcholine (PC), cholesterol (CHO) and RuC1C19 (a surfactant derived from the metallic complex [Ru(bpy)3]2+) were prepared and characterized by using diverse techniques (zeta potential, dynamic light scattering and electronic transmission microscopy –TEM-). Unimodal or bimodal populations of spherical aggregates with small sizes were obtained depending on the composition of the liposomes. The presence of cholesterol favored the formation of small aggregates. ct-DNA was condensed in the presence of the liposomes investigated. In-vitro assays demonstrated the ability of these nanoaggregates to internalize into different cell lines. A positive gene transfection into human bone osteosarcoma epithelial cells (U2OS) was also observed. The RuC1C19 surfactant was used as sensor to quantify the binding of DNA to the liposomes. Doxorubicin was encapsulated into the metallo-liposomes, demonstrating their ability to be also used as nanocarriers of drugs. A relationship between then encapsulation percentage of the antibiotic and the composition of the aggregates has been established.Junta de Andalucía 2019/FQM-206, 2019/FQM-274Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación RTI2018-100692-BI00, PI-0005-2018, P18-RT-127

EFFECT OF THE TIME INTERVAL BETWEEN COLLECTION/PREPARATION AND PLANTATION ON THE ROOTING OF MINICUTTINGS OF Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis CLONES

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do intervalo de tempo entre coleta/preparo e estaqueamento no enraizamento de miniestacas em quatro clones de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis . O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, arranjo bifatorial com parcelas subdivididas, tendo os intervalos de tempo nas parcelas (0, 2 e 4 horas) e clones nas subparcelas (C1, C2, C3 e C4), em tr\ueas repeti\ue7\uf5es de 192 plantas cada. Avaliou-se o enraizamento e a sobreviv\ueancia de miniestacas na sa\uedda da casa de vegeta\ue7\ue3o e casa de sombra, a sobreviv\ueancia, o crescimento e a qualidade do sistema radicular de mudas aos 50 dias de idade. Em tr\ueas dos quatro clones estudados, per\uedodos de armazenamento das miniestacas superiores a 2 horas causam redu\ue7\ue3o significativa no percentual de enraizamento e na sobreviv\ueancia das mudas aos 50 dias de idade. No entanto, o clone C2 apresenta a m\ue1xima efici\ueancia t\ue9cnica para enraizamento na sa\uedda da casa de sombra e para sobreviv\ueancia das mudas aos 50 dias, quando suas miniestacas s\ue3o armazenadas por, respectivamente, 2,3 e 2,5 horas; assim como apresenta maior crescimento em altura, quando armazenadas por 4 horas. Em todos os clones, mudas provenientes de miniestacas armazenadas por 4 horas apresentam qualidade do sistema radicular inferior ao sistema radicular de mudas obtidas a partir de miniestacas com 0 e 2 horas de armazenamento.This study aimed to assess the effects of the time interval between the collection/preparation and plantation on the rooting of minicuttings of four Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis clones. The experimental design used was entirely randomized, bi-factorial and arranged with sub-divided plots, being time intervals in plots (0, 2 and 4 hours) and the clones in subplots (C1, C2, C3 and C4), with three replications of 192 plants each. The rooting and the survival of minicuttings in the greenhouse exit and in the shade house, the survival, the growth and the root system quality of 50-day-old seedlings were assessed. Among the four clones studied, it was observed, in three ones, that storage periods of the minicuttings above two hours caused significant reduction in the percentage of rooting and in the survival of 50-day-old seedlings. However, the clone C2 presents the most efficient technique for rooting in the shade house exit and the survival of 50-day-old seedlings when their minicuttings are stored for 2.3 and 2.5 hours, respectively; as much as it presents greater height growth, when the minicuttings were stored during 4 hours. In all clones, those seedlings from minicuttings stored during 4 hours present lower quality of root system than plants obtained from cuttings with 0 and 2 hours of storage

Metallo-Liposomes of Ruthenium Used as Promising Vectors of Genetic Material

Gene therapy is a therapeutic process consisting of the transport of genetic material into cells. The design and preparation of novel carriers to transport DNA is an important research line in the medical field. Hybrid compounds such as metallo-liposomes, containing a mixture of lipids, were prepared and characterized. Cationic metal lipids derived from the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ complex, RuC11C11 or RuC19C19, both with different hydrophobic/lipophilic ratios, were mixed with the phospholipid DOPE. A relation between the size and the molar fraction α was found and a multidisciplinary study about the interaction between the metallo-liposomes and DNA was performed. The metallo-liposomes/DNA association was quantified and a relationship between Kapp and α was obtained. Techniques such as AFM, SEM, zeta potential, dynamic light scattering and agarose gel electrophoresis demonstrated the formation of lipoplexes and showed the structure of the liposomes. L/D values corresponding to the polynucleotide's condensation were estimated. In vitro assays proved the low cell toxicity of the metallo-liposomes, lower for normal cells than for cancer cell lines, and a good internalization into cells. The latter as well as the transfection measurements carried out with plasmid DNA pEGFP-C1 have demonstrated a good availability of the Ru(II)-based liposomes for being used as non-toxic nanovectors in gene therapy.España Consejería de Educación y Ciencia de la Junta de Andalucía (Proyecto de Excelencia P12-FQM-1105, FQM-206 and FQM-274, and PI-0005-2018)España,, Universidad de Sevilla, VI Plan Propio Universidad de Sevilla (PP2018-10338)España Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (RTI2018-100692-B-I00

Índices HOMA1-IR e HOMA2-IR para identificação de resistência à insulina e síndrome metabólica: Estudo Brasileiro de Síndrome Metabólica (BRAMS)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate cut-off values for HOMA1-IR and HOMA2-IR to identify insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MS), and to assess the association of the indexes with components of the MS. METHODS: Nondiabetic subjects from the Brazilian Metabolic Syndrome Study were studied (n = 1,203, 18 to 78 years). The cut-off values for IR were determined from the 90th percentile in the healthy group (n = 297) and, for MS, a ROC curve was generated for the total sample. RESULTS: In the healthy group, HOMA-IR indexes were associated with central obesity, triglycerides and total cholesterol (p 2.7 and HOMA2-IR > 1.8; and, for MS were: HOMA1-IR > 2.3 (sensitivity: 76.8%; specificity: 66.7%) and HOMA2-IR > 1.4 (sensitivity: 79.2%; specificity: 61.2%). CONCLUSION: The cut-off values identified for HOMA1-IR and HOMA2-IR indexes have a clinical and epidemiological application for identifying IR and MS in Westernized admixtured multi-ethnic populations.OBJETIVO: Determinar pontos de corte para os índices HOMA1-IR e HOMA2-IR na identificação de resistência à insulina (RI) e síndrome metabólica (SM), além de investigar a associação de ambos os índices com os componentes da SM. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados indivíduos não diabéticos (n = 1.203, 18 a 78 anos) participantes do Estudo Brasileiro de Síndrome Metabólica. Os pontos de corte para RI foram determinados com base no percentil 90 do grupo saudável (n = 297) e, para SM, foi construída uma curva receiver operating characteristic (ROC) para toda a amostra. RESULTADOS: No grupo saudável, os índices HOMA-IR associaram-se à obesidade central, aos triglicérides e ao colesterol total (p 2,7 e HOMA2-IR > 1,8; e, para SM, foram: HOMA1-IR > 2,3 (sensibilidade: 76,8%; especificidade: 66,7%) e HOMA2-IR > 1,4 (sensibilidade: 79,2%; especificidade: 61,2%). CONCLUSÕES: Os pontos de corte identificados para os índices HOMA1-IR e HOMA2-IR possuem aplicação clínica e epidemiológica na identificação de RI e SM em populações miscigenadas multiétnicas ocidentalizadas.28128

Characterization of Tajogaite volcanic plumes detected over the Iberian Peninsula from a set of satellite and ground-based remote sensing instrumentation

Three volcanic plumes were detected during the Tajogaite volcano eruptive activity (Canary Islands, Spain, September–December 2021) over the Iberian Peninsula. The spatiotemporal evolution of these events is characterised by combining passive satellite remote sensing and ground-based lidar and sun-photometer systems. The inversion algorithm GRASP is used with a suite of ground-based remote sensing instruments such as lidar/ ceilometer and sun-photometer from eight sites at different locations throughout the Iberian Peninsula. Satellite observations showed that the volcanic ash plumes remained nearby the Canary Islands covering a mean area of 120 ± 202 km2 during the whole period of eruptive activity and that sulphur dioxide plumes reached the Iberian Peninsula