The prevalence of diabetes and stress hyperglycemia in the acute myocardial infarction patients

OBJETIVOS: Determinar a prevalência do diabetes melito (DM) e da hiperglicemia de estresse (HE) em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) admitidos em unidade de emergência cardiológica. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva de 2.262 pacientes com IAM, avaliando, além da prevalência de diabetes referido, o diagnosticado e a hiperglicemia de estresse. RESULTADOS: Apesar de referido em 12,1% dos pacientes (H: 10,7%, M: 15,8%), o DM ocorria efetivamente em 24,8% (H: 22,9%, M: 29,7%) e a HE em 13,6% (H: 14,3%, M: 11,7%) dos indivíduos dessa população. Portanto, alterações glicêmicas ocorreram em 37,4% dos indivíduos com IAM (H: 37,2%, M: 41,4%). Nos pacientes com DM, observou-se maior precocidade etária do IAM, maior prevalência de óbitos (DM: 20,7%, ND:13,8%, HE: 13,4%) e de procedimentos cirúrgicos (ND: 33,8%, HE: 18,0%, DM: 21,7%). CONCLUSÃO: A elevada prevalência de DM e hiperglicemia de estresse observada em nosso estudo indica que as alterações glicêmicas constituem um dos mais importantes fatores de risco para o IAM.OBJECTIVES: To evaluate in our population the real prevalence of diabetes (DM) and stress hyperglycemia (HE) in patients with myocardial infarction (IAM) admitted in a cardiologic emergency unit. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 2262 patients with AMI evaluating the prevalence of DM (referred and diagnosed) and stress hyperglycemia. RESULTS: Besides 12,1% of subjects were previously referred to be diabetic (men: 10.7% and women: 15.8%), diabetes was effectively diagnosed in 24,8% (M: 22,9%, W: 29,7%) and stress hyperglycemia in 13,6% HE of the patients (M: 14,3%, W: 11,7%) indicating that glycemic alterations were effectively observed in 37.2.% of the patients with IAM (M: 37,2%, W: 41,4%). In DM subjects IAM events occurred earlier, total intra-hospital mortality was higher (DM: 20.7%, ND: 13,8%, HE: 13,4%) and less surgical procedures were performed (ND 33.8%, DM: 21.7%, HE: 18.0%). CONCLUSION: The elevated DM and stress hyperglycemia prevalence observed in our study indicates that glycemic alterations is one of the most important risk factors for IAM

Epidemiological profile of congenital hypothyroidism at a southern Brazilian state

Objective: To determine the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) over a 10-year period at the Reference Service in Neonatal Screening of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RSNS-RS). Subjects and methods: Historical cohort study including all newborns screened for CH by the RSNS-RS from January 2008 until December 2017. Data of all newborns with neonatal TSH (neoTSH; heel prick test) values ≥ 9 mIU/L were collected. According to neoTSH values, the newborns were allocated into two groups: Group 1 (G1), comprising newborns with neoTSH ≥ 9 mIU/L and serum TSH (sTSH) < 10 mIU/L, and Group 2 (G2), comprising those with neoTSH ≥ 9 mIU/L and sTSH ≥ 10 mIU/L. Results: Of 1,043,565 newborns screened, 829 (0.08%) had neoTSH values ≥ 9 mIU/L. Of these, 284 (39.3%) had sTSH values < 10 mIU/L and were allocated to the G1 group, while 439 (60.7%) had sTSH ≥ 10 mIU/L and were allocated to the G2 group, and 106 (12.7%) were considered missing data. The overall incidence of CH was 42.1 per 100,000 newborns screened (95% confidence interval [CI] 38.5- 45.7/100,000) or 1:2377 screened newborns. The sensibility and specificity of neoTSH ≥ 9 mIU/L were 97% and 11%; of neoTSH 12.6 mUI/L, 73% and 85% respectively. Conclusion: In this population, the incidence of permanent and transitory CH was 1:2377 screened newborns. The neoTSH cutoff value adopted during the study period showed excellent sensibility, which matters for a screening test

26th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting (CNS*2017): Part 3 - Meeting Abstracts - Antwerp, Belgium. 15–20 July 2017

This work was produced as part of the activities of FAPESP Research,\ud Disseminations and Innovation Center for Neuromathematics (grant\ud 2013/07699-0, S. Paulo Research Foundation). NLK is supported by a\ud FAPESP postdoctoral fellowship (grant 2016/03855-5). ACR is partially\ud supported by a CNPq fellowship (grant 306251/2014-0)

Effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme inhibitor on ischemic preconditioning in patients with type 2 diabetes and symptomatic coronary artery disease

O pré-condicionamento isquêmico (PCI) é um importante mecanismo de proteção celular, capaz de favorecer a diminuição da necrose dos cardiomiócitos durante isquemia aguda. Fármacos hipoglicemiantes orais, tais como glibenclamida e repaglinida, podem provocar a perda dessa proteção por sua propriedade bloqueadora de canais de potássio dependentes de adenosina trifosfato (K-ATP). Já a vildagliptina, pertencente à classe dos inibidores da enzima dipeptidil peptidase 4 (DPP-4), exerce seus efeitos sobre a glicemia principalmente via hormônio peptídeo-1 tipo glucagon (GLP-1). Receptores de GLP-1 estão presentes no miocárdio e seu papel nesse tecido é alvo de investigadores. Este estudo avaliou o efeito da vildagliptina sobre o pré-condicionamento isquêmico em portadores de diabetes mellitus 2 (DM2) e doença coronariana multiarterial estável (DAC). Foram admitidos 54 pacientes diabéticos com doença multiarterial coronariana estável, documentada pela angiografia e com teste ergométrico positivo para isquemia. Na fase 1, betabloqueadores e fármacos hipoglicemiantes orais foram suspensos por 7 dias, e todos paciente foram submetidos a 2 testes ergométricos (TE) seguenciais, com intervalo de descanso de 30 minutos entre eles (TE1 e TE2). Para a fase 2, os pacientes receberam vildagliptina 100mg/dia por 7 dias consecutivos e foram submetidos a mais 2 TE seguenciais (TE3 e TE4). Na fase 1, todos os pacientes desenvolveram isquemia esforço induzida (depressão de ST>=1 mm) no TE1. O tempo para alcançar 1,0mm de depressão do segmento ST (T-1,0mm) em TE2 foi maior que em TE1, caracterizando a presença do PCI em todos os pacientes. Na fase 2, todos desenvolveram isquemia em TE3, e 76% apresentaram isquemia mais tardia em TE4, isto é, aumentaram a tolerância miocárdica em TE4 em comparação a TE3, caracterizando PCI preservado (p<0,001). Somente 24% dos pacientes revelaram bloqueio do PCI (p=0,006). A vildagliptina preservou o pré-condicionamento isquêmico em pacientes com DM2 e DAC.Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) refers to the phenomenon in which short periods of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion promote resistance to a subsequent prolonged ischemic insult. Some hypoglycemic drugs, such as glibenclamide and repaglinide, are able to inhibit this protective phenomenon probably by its effects as blockers of adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium (K-ATP) channels. Moreover, vildagliptin, belonging to the class of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme (DPP-4) inhibitor, performs its action by incretin system, mainly by hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). GLP-1 receptors are present in various body tissues, including myocardium. Multiple actions of GLP-1 and structurally related GLP-1 agonists have been reported in heart. We aimed to evaluate the effect of vildagliptin on IPC in patients with type 2 diabetes and symptomatic coronary artery disease. We evaluated 54 patients with DM2 and a positive exercise test that also had with multivessel coronary disease confirmed by coronary angiography. In phase I, without drug, all patients underwent 2 consecutive treadmill exercise tests (ET1 and ET2). After that, all patients received vildagliptin 100 mg per day for one week and underwent more 2 more sequential tests (ET3 and ET4). The time interval between the exercises tests was 30 minutes. In phase 1, all patients demonstrated IPC that was observed by the improvement in time to 1mm of ST segment depression (T-1.0mm) in ET2 compared with T1 In phase 2, with vildagliptin, all patients (54) developed ischemia in ET3, however, 76 % (41) of patients showed experienced later ischemia in ET4 compared with ET3 (p<0.001), characterizing IPC preserved. Only 24% (13) patients demonstrated T-1.0mm earlier in ET4 compared with ET3, indicating the cessation of IPC (p=0.006). Vildagliptin did not affect this protective mechanism in a relevant way in patients with type 2 diabetes and symptomatic coronary artery disease

Effect of Obesity on Gestational and Perinatal Outcomes

<div><p>Abstract Purpose To assess the impact of pre-pregnancy obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m2) on the gestational and perinatal outcomes. Methods Retrospective cohort study of 731 pregnant women with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 at the first prenatal care visit, comparing them with 3,161 women with a BMI between 18.5 kg/m2 and 24.9 kg/m2. Maternal and neonatal variables were assessed. Statistical analyses reporting the demographic features of the pregnant women (obese and normal) were performed with descriptive statistics followed by two-sided independent Student’s t tests for the continuous variables, and the chi-squared (χ2) test, or Fisher’s exact test, for the categorical variables. We performed a multiple linear regression analysis of newborn body weight based on the mother’s BMI, adjusted by maternal age, hyperglycemic disorders, hypertensive disorders, and cesarean deliveries to analyze the relationships among these variables. All analyses were performed with the R (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) for Windows software, version 3.1.0. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Obesity was associated with older age [OR 9.8 (7.8-12.2); p < 0.01], hyperglycemic disorders [OR 6.5 (4.8-8.9); p < 0.01], hypertensive disorders [OR 7.6 (6.1-9.5); p < 0.01], caesarean deliveries [OR 2.5 (2.1-3.0); p < 0.01], fetal macrosomia [OR 2.9 (2.3-3.6); p < 0.01] and umbilical cord pH [OR 2.1 (1.4-2.9); p < 0.01). Conversely, no association was observed with the duration of labor, bleeding during labor, Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes after birth, gestational age, stillbirth and early neonatal mortality, congenital malformations, and maternal and fetal injury. Conclusion We observed that pre-pregnancy obesity was associated with maternal age, hyperglycemic disorders, hypertension syndrome, cesarean deliveries, fetal macrosomia, and fetal acidosis.</p></div

Impact of diabetes mellitus on ischemic cardiomyopathy. Five-year follow-up. REVISION-DM trial

Abstract Background Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and severe left ventricular dysfunction have a worse survival prognosis than patients with preserved ventricular function. The role of diabetes in the long-term prognosis of this patient group is unknown. This study investigated whether the presence of diabetes has a long-term impact on left ventricular function. Methods Patients with coronary artery disease who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery, percutaneous coronary intervention, or medical therapy alone were included. All patients had multivessel disease and left ventricular ejection fraction measurements. Overall mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and additional interventions were investigated. Results From January 2009 to January 2010, 918 consecutive patients were selected and followed until May 2015. They were separated into 4 groups: G1, 266 patients with diabetes and ventricular dysfunction; G2, 213 patients with diabetes without ventricular dysfunction; G3, 213 patients without diabetes and ventricular dysfunction; and G4, 226 patients without diabetes but with ventricular dysfunction. Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, had a mortality rate of 21.6, 6.1, 4.2, and 10.6% (P < .001); nonfatal myocardial infarction of 5.3, .5, 7.0, and 2.6% (P < .001); stroke of .40, .45, .90, and .90% (P = NS); and additional intervention of 3.8, 11.7, 10.3, and 2.6% (P < .001). Conclusion In this sample, regardless of the treatment previously received patients with or without diabetes and preserved ventricular function experienced similar outcomes. However, patients with ventricular dysfunction had a worse prognosis compared with those with normal ventricular function; patients with diabetes had greater mortality than patients without diabetes. Trial registration http://www.controlled-trials.com. Registration Number: ISRCTN6606887