El proceso de fotosíntesis como contenido escolar: análisis en textos del nivel secundario

Photosynthesis is an extremely complex and fundamental phenomenon for the development of life. An inquiry was made of this subject in secondary school textbooks for two reasons: on one hand, the textbook, considered as an element to settle down the curricular prescriptions and an intermediary in the teaching and learning processes, acquires fundamental relevance for the research in didactics of the natural sciences; on the other hand, the process of photosynthesis is excessively simplified, with deformed visions in most school texts, which generates a restricted and erroneous conception of it, producing processes of external aging of knowledge and mechanization. These concepts are from Chevallard. This article analyzes the way in which the concepts and theories related to the vegetal nutrition process are presented and developed in school texts. For the analysis, aspects related to the historical construction of the discourse on photosynthesis weretaken into account, as well as different ways of characterizing scientific knowledge from different epistemological perspectives.La fotosíntesis es un fenómeno extremadamente complejo y fundamental para el desarrollo de la vida. Por esta razón se realizó una indagación de esta temática en los libros de texto del nivel secundario. En primer lugar, el libro de texto, considerado como un elemento para la concreción de las prescripciones curriculares y un intermediario en los procesos de enseñanza y de aprendizaje, adquiere relevancia fundamental para la investigación en didáctica de las ciencias naturales; en segundo lugar, el proceso de fotosíntesis se encuentra excesivamente simplificado convisiones deformadas en la mayoría de los textos escolares, lo que genera, una concepción restringida y errónea, produciéndose procesos de envejecimiento externo y algoritmizaciones son conceptos teóricos en Chevallard. En el desarrollo del artículo son explicados. En este artículo se analiza la forma en la que se presentan y desarrollan, en los textos escolares, los conceptos y teorías vinculadas con el proceso de nutrición vegetal. Para el análisis se tuvo en cuenta aspectos vinculados con la construcción histórica del discurso sobre la fotosíntesis, así como diferentes modos de caracterizar el conocimiento científico desde diferentes miradas epistemológicas

Digital Education and Artistic-Visual Learning in Flexible University Environments: Research Analysis

The constant development of digital technologies has allowed living in a digital environment based on connections, also transforming the context of the educational process. Experiences show that digital technologies have influenced the way of learning and, consequently, the way of teaching. Learning in the digital age is a complex process since it is a multifaceted and diverse action. The aim of this research is to identify global trends in digital education and its link with the learning of artistic and visual education in higher education settings, during the period 2000–2019. For this, bibliometric techniques have been applied to 1291 documents, obtaining results from the scientific activity of the main authors, research institutions, and countries that promote this topic. The data show increasing relevance, particularly in the last three years. The main subject area is the social sciences. The study has detected the lines of research that are related to the Internet, education, visuals, computer programs, learning, digital media literacy, and educational technology. This work contributes to the academic, scientific, and institutional debate to enhance decision-making based on existing information

Management of the digital economy in higher education: trends and future perspectives

La innovación de la educación superior asegura que el contenido y las tecnologías sean sostenibles y consistentes con el diseño de una enseñanza digital. La economía digital en la educación superior vincula la economía basada en los avances y aplicaciones digitales con el propósito del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje universitario. En este orden, el objeto de la gestión es comunicar una serie de instrucciones que mejoren el sistema educativo con una economía digital que cumpla con las tendencias de su desarrollo. En los últimos cinco años, se han producido más de la mitad de las contribuciones en torno a la implicación de la economía digital en la educación superior. Esta circunstancia deriva, principalmente, de los avances en la investigación como consecuencia del desarrollo de las tecnologías. Este trabajo tiene la finalidad de analizar las tendencias en la educación superior como resultado de la economía de los procesos digitales y así definir los temas que originan mayor interés en este campo de investigación. Así, con la finalidad de reconocer nuevas disciplinas y la evolución de esta área de interés, se han identificado las redes por co-autoría de los principales autores, instituciones y países, y la red de palabras clave por co-ocurrencia, mediante la aplicación del método bibliométrico y técnicas de visualización. The innovation of higher education ensures that content and technologies are sustainable and consistent with the design of digital education. The digital economy in higher education links the economy based on advances and digital applications with the purpose of the university teaching and learning process. In this order, the purpose of management is to communicate a series of instructions that improve the education system with a digital economy that meets the trends of its development. In the last five years, more than half of the contributions have been made regarding the involvement of the digital economy in higher education. This circumstance derives mainly from advances in research as a result of the development of technologies. This work aims to analyze trends in higher education as a result of the economics of digital processes and thus define the issues that give rise to the greatest interest in this field of research. Thus, in order to recognize new disciplines and the evolution of this area of interest, the networks have been identified by coauthorship of the main authors, institutions and countries, and the network of keywords by co-occurrence, through the application of the bibliometric method and visualization technique

Sustainability of Educational Technologies: An Approach to Augmented Reality Research

Technological advancements have posed a challenge to educational institutions in the sustainability of management, research and teaching activities. Virtual technologies have allowed digital transformation to be incorporated into university education—among them, augmented reality (AR). The study examined the evolution of global research on this topic in the period 2005–2019. A bibliometric analysis of 1977 articles was performed, obtaining results of scientific productivity. The evidence showed a growing interest in studying the sustainability of AR in higher education. According to the results, the main category was computer science; the most productive journal was Computer and Education; the authors with the largest number of publications were Nee and Ong, while Wang was the most frequently cited author; the most productive institution was the National Taiwan University of Science and Technology; the United States was the country with the largest number of publications and citations; and, finally, the United States and Spain were the countries with the largest number of international collaborations in their articles. Five lines of research were identified, among which those oriented to the topics of technological resources, computer, simulation, education and learning stand out. It was verified that this research topic has a growing and dynamic interest in scientific activity, and its sustainable approach is confirmed by being linked to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Effects of orofacial myofunctional therapy on masticatory function in individuals submitted to orthognathic surgery: a randomized trial

Abstract Objectives: The esthetic and functional results of orthognathic surgery of severe dentofacial deformities are predictable, however there are differences regarding the effects on stomatognathic system. The aim was to investigate the effects of orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) on the masticatory function in individuals with dentofacial deformity submitted to orthognathic surgery (OGS). Material and Methods: Forty-eight individuals (18-40 years) were evaluated, 14 undergoing OMT (treated group-TG), 10 without this treatment (untreated group-UTG) and 24 in a control group with normal occlusion; for clinical aspects the data of an individual was missed (n=46). Chewing was performed using the Expanded protocol of orofacial myofunctional evaluation with scores (OMES-E). Muscle tone and mobility were also analyzed before (P0), three (P1) and six months (P2) after OGS. Surface electromyography of the masseter and temporalis muscles was performed, considering the parameters amplitude and duration of act and cycle, and the number of masticatory cycles. The OMT consisted of ten therapeutic sessions along the postoperative period. The results were compared using parametric and non-parametric tests. Results: TG showed higher scores in P1 and P2 than P0; for the masticatory type the scores in P2 were significantly higher than P0. In addition, the proportion of individuals with adequate tone of lower lip and adequate tongue mobility for TG increased significantly from P1 and P2 in relation to P0. The EMG results showed a decrease in act and cycle duration in P2 in relation to P0 and P1 for the TG; furthermore the values were close to controls. An increase in the number of cycles from P0 to P2 was also observed, indicating faster chewing, which may be attributed to an improvement of balanced occlusion associated with OMT. Conclusion: There were positive effects of OMT on the clinical and electromyography aspects of chewing in individual submitted to orthognathic surgery

Enhanced solar photocatalysis of TiO2 nanoparticles and nanostructured thin films grown on paper

UIDB/50025/2020-2023 SYNERGY H2020-WIDESPREAD-2020-5Titanium dioxide nanoparticles and nanostructured thin films were simultaneously synthesized using a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. The synthesis formed very fine particles, appearing as nanospheres in the 11 nm size range. As for the nanostructured film, they have displayed similar structural characteristics to the nanoparticles, with thickness of 130 nm. These films covered uniformly and homogenously the Whatman paper, while maintaining its flexibility. The materials processed had their photocatalytic activity assessed from rhodamine B degradation under solar radiation (91 % degradation after 40 min for the powder material and 68 % after 6 h for the nanostructured thin film). Reusability experiments were also carried out, revealing superior performance concerning the Degussa P25, the most common photocatalyst used. The results of the present work can be thought as an option for the existing photocatalysts activated under solar light, namely for water purification, as it simultaneously produces enhanced photocatalytic powders and photocatalytic papers fully disposable and that can be easily recycled.publishersversioninpres

Los márgenes de los centros: transformaciones en los bordes urbanorurales (BUR) en localidades agrarias pampeanas

En el territorio pampeano constituido bajo el paradigma de la agricultura industrial, uno de los aspectos sociales conflictivos es el manejo técnico-productivo de áreas circundantes a poblaciones. Varios municipios han sancionado ordenanzas que restringen el uso de agroquímicos en los bordes urbano-rurales. La experiencia que presentamos se está desarrollando en una localidad del centro de la provincia de Santa Fe en la cual estas normativas han abierto debates y acciones en torno a la factibilidad de producir sin agroquímicos desde alternativas al modelo agropecuario hegemónico de la región pampeana. A partir del análisis de los procesos de innovación que ocurren en estos “márgenes” con los productores familiares y otros actores que van conectándose desde singulares convergencias, se intenta dar cuenta de su dinámica como modo de encuentro en la diversidad y posibilidad de emergencia de nuevos sentidos compartidos hacia la transformación del territorio.Eje B2 Paisajes, Territorios y Agroecología (Relatos de experiencias)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Los márgenes de los centros: transformaciones en los bordes urbanorurales (BUR) en localidades agrarias pampeanas

En el territorio pampeano constituido bajo el paradigma de la agricultura industrial, uno de los aspectos sociales conflictivos es el manejo técnico-productivo de áreas circundantes a poblaciones. Varios municipios han sancionado ordenanzas que restringen el uso de agroquímicos en los bordes urbano-rurales. La experiencia que presentamos se está desarrollando en una localidad del centro de la provincia de Santa Fe en la cual estas normativas han abierto debates y acciones en torno a la factibilidad de producir sin agroquímicos desde alternativas al modelo agropecuario hegemónico de la región pampeana. A partir del análisis de los procesos de innovación que ocurren en estos “márgenes” con los productores familiares y otros actores que van conectándose desde singulares convergencias, se intenta dar cuenta de su dinámica como modo de encuentro en la diversidad y posibilidad de emergencia de nuevos sentidos compartidos hacia la transformación del territorio.Eje B2 Paisajes, Territorios y Agroecología (Relatos de experiencias)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Tracking pollutants in a municipal sewage network impairing the operation of a wastewater treatment plant

This work provides a screening of organic contaminants and characterization of the dissolved organic matter in the sewer network until the municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), identifying the network areas with a higher degree of contamination and their impact on the WWTP performance, particularly in the activated sludge reactor. Three monitoring campaigns were carried out at six selected locations of the sewage system (PVZ-1, PVZ-2, PS-F, PS-VC, CP-VC, and PS-T), influent (WWTPINF) and effluent (WWTPEFF) of the WWTP. Advanced analytical techniques were employed, namely excitation/emission matrix fluorescence-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC), size exclusion chromatography with organic carbon detector (SEC-OCD), and liquid chromatography with high-resolution-mass spectrometric detection (LC-HRMS). EEM-PARAFAC showed higher fluorescence intensity for the protein-like component (C2), particularly at CP-VC (near seafood industries) associated with the presence of surfactants (~50 mg/L). SEC-OCD highlighted the WWTP efficiency in removing low molecular weight acids and neutrals. LC-HRMS tentatively identified 108 compounds of emerging concern (CEC) and similar detection patterns were obtained for all wastewater samples, except for PVZ-2 (lower detection), many of which occurred in the effluent. Eight CECs included on relevant Watch-Lists were detected in all WWTPEFF samples. Furthermore, 111 surfactants were detected, the classes more frequently found being alcohol ethoxylates (AEOs), nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) and linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS). The continuous presence of LAS and NPEOs allied to surfactants concentrations in the WWTPINF of 15–20 mg/L, with CP-VC location (linked with food industries) as an important contributor, explain the morphological changes in the activated sludge and high LAS content in the dewatered sludge, which may have impacted WWTP performance.i) Base-UIDB/50020/2020 and Programmatic-UIDP/50020/2020 Funding of LSRE-LCM, funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC); ii) European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg V-A Spain-Portugal Programme (POCTEP) 2014–2020 (ref. 0725_NOR_WATER_1_P); iii) Xunta de Galicia (Verónica Castro predoctoral contract: ED481A-2017/156, and ED431C2017/36), the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación – MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 (ref. PID2020-117686RB-C32); iv) NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000069 (Healthy Waters) co-funded by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), through North Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement. The authors also acknowledge Águas do Norte, S.A. for supporting the development of this work. Daniela F.S. Morais acknowledges her Ph.D. scholarship supported by FCT (SFRH/BD/146476/2019). Bianca M. Souza Chaves gratefully acknowledges her postdoctoral scholarship supported by CNPq through the Science Without Borders Program (Process No. 201989/2014-0). Vítor J.P. Vilar acknowledges the FCT Individual Call to Scientific Employment Stimulus 2017 (CEECIND/01317/2017)S