The cultural models in international business research: A bibliometric study of IB journals

Culture has been a widely researched topic in the International Business (IB) literature over the last decades. To better understand what culture actually means and its implication in firms? IB operations, several cultural models and taxonomies have been put forward. In this paper we seek to scrutinize the use of three well known cultural models - Hall?s (1976), Hofstede?s (1980a) and Trompenaars & Hampden-Turner?s (1993) - in the extant research. Using bibliometric techniques of the papers published in the top ranked IB journals, we performed a citation and co-citation analysis to find out the most influential model and to examine the possible linkages between models and to the issues being researched. We conclude that Hofstede?s (1980a) taxonomy is the most cited and his taxonomy has strong linkages to several streams of research. Nonetheless, we also find that there are noticeable differences on how research in different journals make use of the cultural models, probably reflecting not surprising disciplinary emphases.Cultural models, Hofstede, Trompenaars, Hall, bibliometric study

Portuguese Hemp Plant as Raw Material for Papermaking

The objectives of this study were the physical and chemical characterization of Portuguese industrial hemp and the assessment of its suitability to produce kraft pulp. A comparison was established with a reference eucalyptus pulp, obtained by the same chemical process. Handmade paper sheets were prepared in the laboratory using hemp pulp, eucalyptus pulp and a blend of both fibres in order to compare final paper properties. The unbleached pulp was produced by batch kraft cooking (NaOH + Na2S) and the evaluation of pulp bleachability was carried out under a D0E0D1E1D2 sequence. The physical properties of laboratory papers prepared with different compositions (100% hemp, 100% eucalyptus, hemp/eucalyptus 50:50) were assessed according to International Standards. Hemp fibres present two fractions, bast and core (33% and 67% of the total stem mass, respectively) with distinct biometric characteristics and cell composition. The hemp plant allowed cooking yield overlapping the wood reference, with lesser uncooked fractions. The pulp exhibited a good bleachability, even better than the reference. Hemp plant allowed a pulp with a higher gain of brightness and lower loss of intrinsic viscosity than eucalyptus. Hemp pulp also showed a better beatability, superiority in tearing resistance and a lower air permeability. The paper sheets obtained with the hemp/ eucalyptus mixture showed interesting properties, which predicts a suitable combination of these two raw materials for papermaking.The authors wish to thank the laboratorial work developed by the Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Degree students under the authors’ coordination, namely Afsar Ali, Luís Martins, Maria João Almeida, Rute Almeida and Soraia Henriques.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Industrial network membership: Reducing psychic distance hazards in the internationalization of the firm

The network approach to internationalization of the firms has warranted the research focus of many international business scholars. Firms are increasingly involved in international business endeavors and arguably need to learn to adapt to idiosyncratic milieus they encounter in the foreign markets. This paper proposes a conceptual model suggesting that integration in networks strengthens corporate competitiveness in international markets. Network membership provides access to knowledge that facilitates adaptation to the various dimensions - economic, political, legal, cultural ? of the international business environments. Membership in social and business networks are likely to ease internationalization by reducing firms? perceived psychic distance.Networks, internationalization theories, psychic distance

Entrepreneurship research: A bibliometric study of the EnANPADs 1997-2008

We have witnessed a fast growth in academic interest on entrepreneurship over the past two to three decades, although at disparate paces in different countries. A wealth of papers presented and published, books, dedicated journals, websites, professional and research groups have emerged accompanying this increased interest. It is thus important to understand what are these scholars studying. In this paper we examine the state of the art in entrepreneurship research in Brazil, by scrutinizing the entire track record of the papers presented at the EnANPAD over a twelve years period: 1997 -to 2008. The results of the bibliometric analysis revealed that entrepreneurship research maintains a broad spectrum of interests, focusing both on contextual, individual and process issues. Less visible is a unified theoretical background or the use of established theories foundational to other management disciplines. It is notable the increase in Brazilian entrepreneurship research, both empiric, theoretical and case-study based. We conclude with an umbrella discussion and suggestions for future research.entrepreneurship research, entrepreneur, bibliometric study, EnANPAD

Mergers & Acquisitions research: A bibliometric study of top strategy journals, 2000 - 2009

Mergers and acquisitions (M&As) are important modes through which firms undertake their domestic and international strategies. This bibliometric review examines the extant research on M&As in the top five strategic management journals during a ten years period ? from 2000 to 2009. The 90 articles identified in these top journals denote an eclectic theoretical focus with the prevalence of four theories ? resource-based view, transaction costs, agency theory and institutional theory. We present a brief analysis of the key issues in M&A research, as well as the samples and theories more commonly used. We conclude by presenting a broad discussion comprising the methods used, the research questions investigated, the type of articles, as well as limitations and avenues for future enquiry.mergers & acquisitions; strategic management journals, bibliometric study

A review of reported effects of pelagic longline fishing gear configurations on target, bycatch and vulnerable species

1. A meta-analysis of 40 publications totalling 59 experiments was undertaken to review and assess the effects of changing the hook (circle vs. J-hooks or tuna hooks), bait (fish vs. squid) and leader (wire vs. nylon) type on retention and at haulback mortality rates of teleosts (tunas and billfishes), elasmobranchs and sea turtles caught on shallow-set and deep-set pelagic longline fisheries. 2. Circle hooks are a promising approach to mitigate the impact of pelagic longline fisheries on sea turtles, as they reduced sea turtle retention rates. The adoption of circle hooks would, however, also lead to a decrease in swordfish retention, the main target species of shallow-set pelagic longlines. 3. Using fish as bait resulted in lower retention rates of sea turtles, highlighting that option as an additional measure to further mitigate sea turtle bycatch. The bait type had non-significant effects on sharks, except for blue shark and shortfin mako, for which at-haulback mortality rates were significantly higher with fish bait. 4. The use of nylon leaders instead of wire leaders could serve as a conservation measure for sharks, as they reduced the retention of blue shark without adversely impacting the catches of swordfish. The results on the effect of the leader material types should, however, be interpreted with caution owing to the limited information available reporting on leader material effects. 5. When considering future research directions, priority should be given to experimental field work on the effects of leader material and on deep-set longlines. Evaluating the post-release survival of species should also be a priority.LA/P/0101/2020info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A empresa e o meio nas teorias económicas da empresa: Uma leitura longitudinal

A teoria económica tem tentado compreender e explicar o comportamento das empresas nos mercados. Contudo, persistem grandes divergências acerca do papel das diferentes forças que influenciam o crescimento e os objectivos das empresas. Sintetizar os principais contributos dos autores mais relevantes das diferentes teorias económicas parece útil. Assim, neste artigo fazemos uma breve revisão das teorias da empresa desde a teoria neoclássica até ao conceito de capacidades dinâmicas e o impacto nas empresas das alterações do ambiente onde se inserem.Teoria neoclássica, teoria da empresa, capacidades dinâmicas, revisão de literatura

The use of cyclic triaxial tests in the characterization of portuguese UGM

Coarse aggregate is widely used in the unbound granular layers (UGM) of roads, in particular as granular sub-base and base. However, although various studies have been conducted on these materials, their mechanical behaviour still has not been properly characterized, in Portuguese conditions, especially due to reasons connected to the heterogeneity of the rock masses from which they come from. This has special importance for Portuguese pavement technology. In the attempt of contributing for a better knowledge of that behaviour, a work was developed having the aim of obtain the mechanical characterization and the establishment of behaviour models for crushed materials coming from different lithologies, namely limestone and granite, susceptible of being used as UGM. This paper describes the principal results obtained from the work and pointing out the main directives that can be extracted from it, in terms of the global behaviour of a road pavement

Searching for new sources of innovative products for the food industry within halophyte aromatic plants: In vitro antioxidant activity and phenolic and mineral contents of infusions and decoctions of Crithmum maritimum L.

Aromatic halophyte plants are an outstanding source of bioactive compounds and natural products with potential use in the food industry. This work reports the in vitro antioxidant activity, toxicity, poly phenolic profile and mineral contents of infusions and decoctions from stems, leaves and flowers of Crithmum maritimum L, an aromatic and edible maritime halophyte (sea fennel). Aspalathus linearis (Burm.f.) Dahlg. (rooibos) herbal tea was used as a reference. Sea fennel's tisanes, particularly from leaves, were rich in phenolic compounds and five of them (p-hydroxybenzoic and ferulic acids, epicatechin, pyrocatechol and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) were here described in C maritimum for the first time. Chlorogenic acid was the dominant phenolic determined. Na was the most abundant mineral in all tisanes followed by Ca and Mg in leaves' tisanes and K in flowers. Sea fennel's samples had a similar antioxidant activity than those from A. linearis, and had no significant toxicity towards four different mammalian cell lines. Altogether, our results suggest that sea fennel can be a source of products and/or molecules for the food industry with antioxidant properties and minerals in the form, for example, of innovative health-promoting herbal beverages.FCT Investigator Programme [IF/00049/2012