The syntheses of the marine metabolites 3-bromoverongiaquinol and 5-monobromocavernicolin

An efficient synthesis of the marine metabolite 3-bromoverongiaquinol (1) and the first total synthesis of 5-monobromocavernicolin (2), both isolated from the marine sponge Aplysina cavernicola, have been described based on the 1,2 addition of the lithium enolate of N,O-bistrimethylsilylacetamide (BSA, 4) to 1,4-benzoquinone (3). Bromination and purification of the crude product on silica gel chromatography provided 3-bromoverongiaquinol (1) in 50% overall yield. Under alkaline conditions, the crude product of the bromination reaction was converted to 5-monobromocavernicolin (2) in 20% yield which was also obtained in 13% yield (25% yield based on recovered starting material) from 3-bromoverongiaquinol (1).20422045Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Procedimiento en la demanda de alimentos en el código de familia

La familia es el pilar donde se apoya la humanidad, de esta manera es quien forja la educación de esta sociedad, la familia bien constituida con padres responsables es un ejemplo de buenos miembros en el cual se evitarían miles de juicios ya que estos se verían desde una perspectiva moral y responsabilidad, el estado seria beneficiado con este tipo de responsabilidades y de esta manera seria el primero en hacer valer el principio de economía procesal y con una mejor sociedad habría un estilo de vida distinta de la cual tenemos en la actualidad de demandas. Lamentablemente en el contexto en el que nos encontramos con una figura de malos padres se ha tenido que reformar los procesos comunes que en materia de familia estos han sido derogados en el código civil formando otras leyes como lo son ley de responsabilidad paterna y materna, leyes de alimentos, aunque no fue separado del procedimiento común del código civil, por lo que se ha querido determinar cuál es la problemática en cuanto a los juicios de alimentos, ejecuciones de sentencia e incumplimiento de la norma, La afluencia que se llevan en los despachos a cargo de los judiciales y nuevamente hacen una reforma a estas leyes y de esta manera es que surge un anteproyecto para un nuevo código y procedimiento de la familia el cual se espera a partir del seis de abril del año en curso comience su aplicación y surtan los efectos esperados los cuales son que a una mayor brevedad del proceso exista una mejor aplicabilidad de la ley en cual tiene muchas expectativas sin llegar a buscar el fondo del problema por lo que es una problemática a nivel general

Diagnóstico laboratorial das meningites bacterianas

A despeito dos avanços tecnológicos em relação ao diagnóstico, à patogênese e ao tratamento, a meningite bacteriana ainda permanece como importante doença de distribuição mundial, cujo diagnóstico se apoia, principalmente, no exame bacteriológico. Mesmo com o avanço das técnicas moleculares, o diagnóstico microbiológico continua sendo amplamente utilizado e, portanto, merece atenção especial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre os principais métodos microbiológicos para o diagnóstico das meningites bacterianas e seus principais agentes causadores, visto que a identificação precisa do agente etiológico permite a correta utilização da terapia farmacológica, o que diminui significativamente os riscos de desenvolvimento de sequelas neurológicas. Abstract:Despite technological advances in the diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment, bacterial meningitis still remains an important disease of worldwide distribution in which the diagnosis relies mainly on bacteriological examination. Even with the advances in molecular techniques, microbiologic diagnosis is still widely used and therefore deserves special attention. The aim of this study was a literature review on the main microbiological methods for diagnosis of bacterial meningitis and its main agents, since the precise identification of the agent allows the correct use of drug therapy which significantly reduces the risk of developing neurological sequelae

Comparison between devices for homogenization and reduction of soybean grain samples

In the grain market the most diverse equipment is used for homogenization and reduction of the working samples. Thus, this paper aims to analyze the performance of devices used for sample homogenization and reduction for soybean classification. A sample composed of 8% of damaged soybeans with yellow and black coat was previously prepared. Samples were homogenized and reduced in bucket, crate, Boerner, 16:1 multichannel splitter and 4:1 multichannel splitter. The design used was completely randomized with five treatments (homogenizers) and one percentage of damaged grains (8%). Evaluations were subjected to analysis of variance and treatment means were compared to one another by Tukey test (p 0.5) and to the mean of the original sample (8%) by Student s t-test. The devices Boerner, 16:1 multichannel splitter and 4:1 multichannel splitter were similar in the homogenization and reduction of the soybean sample. The crate and bucket showed the worst performance in the grain homogenization because they compromise the result of the product’s qualitative analysis

Toxocara canis 30-35 kDa excretory-secretory antigen is an important marker in mice challenged by inocula containing different parasite load levels

The Western-blotting technique was applied to identify antigenic fractions of excretory-secretory Toxocara canis antigen recognized by IgG antibodies throughout an experimental infection in mice challenged by different inocula. Mice were inoculated with 5, 50 and 500 embryonated eggs and serum samples were collected 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days post-infection. Serum samples were analyzed using an excretory-secretory Toxocara antigen. Antibodies recognized antigenic fractions from 30 to 90 kDa. The protein fraction of 30-35 kDa was the most frequently recognized regardless of the size of inoculum and the stage of infection represented by the different collection times, but the antigenic recognition was more evident in groups infected with 50 and 500 eggs. This study presents an antigenic panel of the excretory-secretory antigen of T. canis and suggests that the 30-35 kDa antigenic fraction is a promising marker of the infection and should be further explored in future studies on experimental toxocariasis

Geração de valor econômico e sustentabilidade financeira em instituições do ensino superior brasileiro

Objective: The article aims to analyze the creation of economic value, as well as the value vectors and the impacts caused by the number of students, value of tuition and costs on the economic results achieved in a higher education institution (HEI).Methodology/approach: This is a case study with adaptation of the EVA (Economic Value Added) model and the use of multivariate econometric analysis.Relevance/originality: Despite the representativeness of private organizations in the educational sector in the Brazilian economy, academic articles were not identified dealing with their capacity to create value, which is one of the necessary conditions for self-sustained growth of an organization.The main results: The University Center was able to generate value in the recent period. The disaggregated analysis showed the good performance of engineering and that most courses in the business area have destroyed the organization's value.Theoretical/methodological contributions: An incursion into the theory of corporate finance made it possible to adapt methods and procedures that led to an adequate application to the study of value generation in a HEI. The study can be replicated and contributes for HEIs to incorporate the dimension of value generation in their management model. Social contributions to management: Two segments were identified that demand differentiated strategies to improve the IES' market position. In the business area, given the competition, a policy of low prices is imposed, with revision/consolidation of the offer of courses. In the healthcare and engineering segment, the strategy to be followed is not price competition, but differentiation, with the pursuit of excellence being crucial.Objetivo del studio: El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la generación de valor económico, así como los vectores de valor y los impactos que ocasiona el número de estudiantes, matrículas y costos sobre los resultados económicos alcanzados en una institución de educación superior (IES).Metodología/Enfoque: Este es un caso de estudio con adaptación del modelo EVA (Valor Económico Agregado) y uso de análisis econométrico multivariado.Originalidad/Relevancia: A pesar de la representación de las organizaciones privadas del sector educativo en la economía brasileña, no se identificaron artículos académicos sobre su capacidad de crear valor, que es una de las condiciones necesarias para el crecimiento autosostenido de una organización.Resultados principals: El Centro Universitario supo generar valor en el período reciente. El análisis desagregado mostró el buen desempeño de la ingeniería y que la mayoría de los cursos en el área de negocios han destruido el valor de la organización.Contribuciones teóricas: Se realizó una incursión en la teoría de las finanzas corporativas, adaptando métodos y procedimientos que dieron lugar a una adecuada aplicación al estudio de la generación de valor en una IES. El estudio puede ser replicado y contribuye a que las IES incorporen la dimensión de generación de valor en su modelo de gestión.Contribuciones sociales y a la gestion: Se identificaron dos segmentos que demandan estrategias diferenciadas para mejorar la posición de mercado de IES. En el área empresarial, dada la competencia, se impone una política de precios bajos, con revisión / consolidación de la oferta de cursos. En el segmento de la salud y la ingeniería, la estrategia a seguir no es la competencia de precios, sino la diferenciación, siendo crucial la búsqueda de la excelencia.Objetivo do estudo: O artigo tem por objetivo analisar a geração de valor econômico, bem como os vetores de valor e os impactos provocados pelo número de alunos, valor das mensalidades e custos nos resultados econômicos alcançados em uma instituição de ensino superior (IES).Metodologia/abordagem: Trata-se de um estudo de caso com adaptação do modelo EVA (Economic Value Added) e uso de análise econométrica multivariada.Originalidade/relevância: Não obstante a representatividade das organizações privadas do setor educacional na economia brasileira não se identificou artigos acadêmicos versando sobre a sua capacidade de criar valor, que é uma das condições necessárias para o crescimento autossustentado de uma organização.Principais resultados: O Centro Universitário foi capaz de gerar valor no período recente. A análise desagregada evidenciou o bom desempenho das engenharias e que a maioria dos cursos da área de negócios tem destruído valor da organização.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Procedeu-se a uma incursão na teoria de finanças corporativas adaptando métodos e procedimentos que ensejaram uma aplicação adequada ao estudo da geração valor em uma IES. O estudo pode ser replicado e contribui para que as IES incorporem a dimensão da geração de valor em seu modelo de gestão.Contribuições sociais para a gestão:Foram identificados dois segmentos que demandam estratégias diferenciadas para melhorar a posição de mercado da IES. Na área de negócios, haja vista a competição, impõe-se uma política de preços baixos, com revisão/consolidação da oferta de cursos. No segmento de saúde e das engenharias a estratégia a ser seguida não é a de competição de preços, mas sim a da diferenciação, sendo crucial a busca pela excelência.

American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in an endemic municipality in the North of Minas Gerais State: spatial analysis and socio-environmental factors

American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) is endemic in the municipality of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State. The use of geotechnology such as spatial statistics and remote sensing has contributed to a better understanding of the eco-epidemiology of diseases, and consequently a better definition of control strategies. This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of probable sites of cases of ATL infection (2007-2011) in the municipality of Montes Claros and to identify related socio-environmental factors. Data on ATL cases notification were obtained from the Municipal Health Department of Montes Claros. The annual incidence of ATL in the municipality was calculated and the probable sites of infection were georeferenced. Crude Rate and the Local Empirical Bayesian Rate were calculated with census sectors considered as the unit of analysis. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated from LANDSAT 5 TM images. The spatial association between the crude rate of ATL and the NDVI of the census tracts was evaluated using the Local Bivariate of Moran I. The socio-environmental aspects of household structures were assessed based on a structured questionnaire. The incidence of ATL in the evaluated period ranged from 6.2 to 16.6 cases/100,000 inhabitants. The highest rates of ATL occurrence were found in the census sectors located in the rural area and in the peripheral census sectors in the city. Through the Empirical Bayes Smoothed Rate map, it was found that in the peripheral areas of the city, the rates of ATL occurrence were lower than in the rural area and their values decreased as they approach the city center. Local Bivariate of Moran I showed a positive correlation between NDVI and crude ATL rates, with significant high-high clusters observed in the rural area and in the census sectors in the Western peripheral area of the city that have experienced an urban expansion concomitant to the period investigated. In most homes of people affected by the disease, there were domestic animals and organic matter in the peridomicile. In addition, a high percentage of individuals affected by ATL reported the presence of rodents circulating near their homes. In conclusion, it is possible that the disorderly expansion process in the city of Montes Claros favored the establishment of the ATL periurban and urban transmission cycle. These regions deserve special attention from health surveillance to combat this zoonosis