Preliminary evaluation of grain yield components in hexaploid tritordeum

Chromosome duplication of Hordeum chilense and Triticum turgidum conv. durum hybrids created a new cereal with favorable characteristics for planting: the hexaploid tritordeum (X Tritordeum Ascherson et Graebner). A field experiment with three replications was carried out in Cordoba, Spain, to obtain more information on the potential yield of tritordeum for grain yield and its components. The performance of two advanced tritordeums was compared with the yield of two commercial wheat varieties, two durum wheats and four triticales. Results showed that tritordeum has a great potential for the development of highly productive varieties, especially because it is a new and rarely bred specie

Análise comparativa da qualidade de panificaçao e rendimento de graos entre tritórdeo hexaplóide e outros cereais de inverno

A duplicação cromossômica dos híbridos entre Hordeum chilense e Triticum turgidum conv. durum originou o tritórdeo hexaplóide (X Tritordeum Ascherson et Graebner), um novo cereal cujas características estão sendo avaliadas. Com o objetivo de obter maiores informações sobre o potencial do tritórdeo para a qualidade de panificação e componentes do rendimento de grãos, foi instalado em 1996 em Córdoba, Espanha, um experimento de campo com três repetições. O desempenho de três linhagens de tritórdeo foi comparado com o rendimento de duas variedades comerciais de trigo, duas de trigo duro e quatro de triticale. O conjunto de resultados indicou perspectivas do tritórdeo para o desenvolvimento de variedades altamente produtivas com aceitável qualidade de panificação, especialmente por se tratar de uma espécie nova e ainda pouco melhoradaChromosome duplication of hybrids between Hordeum chilense and Triticum turgidum conv. durum originated a new cereal, of which characteristics for cropping being evaluated, the hexaploid tritordeum (X Tritordeum Ascherson et Graebner). In order to have more information about breadmaking quality and grain yield components in tritordeum, are a field experiment with three replications was carried out during the growing season of 1996 in Córdoba, Spain. Performance of three tritordeum lines was compared with two varieties of wheat, two of durum wheat and four of triticale. Results allow to expect the development of high yielding varieties of tritordeum with acceptable breadmaking qualit

El análisis bayesiano y la precisión de los valores de la heredabilidad en especies perennes

The objectives of the present work were to evaluate the precision of the estimate of heritability, which was determined by standard error, considering a Bayesian approach, and to compare such estimate with the classic procedure. Data from progeny trial of 39 Eucalyptus cladocalyx families were used. Trunk basal diameter (measured at age 6) was the dependent variable analyzed. The Bayesian approach was implemented by using the Independence Chain algorithm with informative priors, which had a lower standard deviation of the heritability than both the classic method of Robertson and Jeffreys’ prior distribution (Jeffreys’ prior is in fact a class of uninformative and often improper prior distributions). The Bayesian approach is a valuable inference tool for the genetic evaluation of perennial species, because it considers the variability of the parameters by using posterior distributions.Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron evaluar la precisión del valor estimado de la heredabilidad determinada por medio de la desviación estándar, considerando un enfoque Bayesiano, y comparar tal estimativa con el procedimiento clásico. Se utilizaron datos de un ensayo de progenie con 39 familias de Eucalyptus cladocalyx. La variable dependiente usada fue el diámetro basal del fuste medido a los seis años de edad. El método Bayesiano fue implementado por medio del algoritmo de Cadenas Independientes, con informaciones a priori informativas, el cual entregó bajos valores de desviaciones estándar de la heredabilidad, si comparado con la estimación clásica de Robertson y distribución a priori de Jeffreys (la cual es una clase de distribución a priori no informativa y a menudo impropia). El método de análisis Bayesiano es una herramienta de inferencia valiosa para la evaluación genética de especies perennes, ya que considera la variabilidad de los parámetros por medio de las distribuciones a posteriori

Diallel analysis and prediction of untested maize single cross hybrids

Popcorn (Zea mays everta) is a popular snack food and very appreciated in Brazil, presenting higher aggregate value when compared with field corn. The aim of this study were to identify superior inbred lines and single crosses hybrids (SH) for popcorn traits, as well as the prediction of the performance of untested single cross hybrids. Sixteen maize inbred lines were crossed in a 9x7 partial diallel, but it was possible to evaluate 47 single crosses in two distinct locations. Predicted genetic values, diallel analysis and the prediction of untested HS were performed by mixed models. Deviance effects for treatments x locations were considered non-significant (p>0.05) for grain yield (GY) and popping expansion (PE), showing an average performance from the HS in the locations. Inbred lines P5-1, P3.3T, GER-P3, P9-1, P12-2 and GER-P12 were selected considering the general combining ability, and should be used for obtaining superior genotypes. Based on the non-additive effects, the single hybrid P3.3T x GERP-P12 was selected for grain yield and popping expansion, and could be exploited in future trials. Neither of the untested single crosses showed desirable performance for grain yield and popcorn expansion

Adaptability and stability as selection criteria for sunflower genotypes

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar critérios para seleção de genótipos de girassol com base na média geral obtida em vários locais e sua decomposição em ambientes favoráveis e desfavoráveis e por meio de outros métodos de análise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade, como os de Eberhart & Russell, Lin & Binns, Carneiro e Carvalho et al. Foram analisados dados obtidos entre os anos de 1999 e 2004 na Rede Nacional de Ensaios de Girassol, coordenada pela Embrapa Soja e que conta com a participação de empresas públicas e privadas. Os caracteres avaliados foram rendimento de grãos e de óleo (kg ha-1). A análise da decomposição da média geral em médias de ambientes favoráveis e desfavoráveis (método da indicação com base na decomposição da média geral – IDMG) foi o critério mais adequado para a indicação de genótipos. A análise de regressão contribuiu com informações adicionais, indicando a responsividade e previsibilidade dos genótipos diante das mudanças ambientais.The objective of this work was to compare criteria for selection of sunflower genotypes based on general mean obtained in different locations and its decomposition in favorable and unfavorable environments, as well as other methods of adaptability and stability, such as Eberhart & Russell, Lin & Binns, Carneiro and Carvalho et al. Data from 1999 to 2004 of the Official Sunflower Trials Network, coordinated by Embrapa Soja, were analyzed. The characters evaluated were yield of grains and oil (kg ha-1). The analysis of the decomposition of the general mean in favorable and unfavorable environment means (Indication Method – Partitioning of General Mean) was the most suitable for the indication of genotypes. However, the regression analysis contributed with additional information, indicating responsivity and previsibility of the genotypes to environmental changes

Evaluation of sunflower cultivars for central Brazil

Embora haja uma grande área para o cultivo de girassol no Brasil Central, poucas cultivares adaptadas encontram-se disponíveis no mercado. Esse trabalho teve o objetivo de selecionar cultivares de girassol para essa região de produção de grãos. Os dados foram obtidos da Rede Nacional de Ensaios de Avaliação de Cultivares de Girassol, coordenada pela Embrapa Soja, entre os anos de 2000 e 2004. Os caracteres avaliados foram rendimentos de grão e de óleo. Para a seleção das cultivares, dois critérios foram utilizados: i) a média geral obtida nos diferentes ambientes de teste; ii) a decomposição da média geral em ambientes favoráveis e desfavoráveis. A análise da decomposição da média geral possibilitou detectar para qual tipo de ambiente específico um genótipo poderia ser indicado. Para rendimento de grãos, o genótipo Helio 251 apresentou indicação geral; Milênio e CF 17 foram indicados para os ambientes favoráveis e, para os desfavoráveis, ACA 884, ACA 885 e ACA 872. Para rendimento de óleo, CF 13, Milênio, DK 4030, Helio 250 e ACA 872 tiveram indicação geral; enquanto que AG 966, GH 12, GV 26043, CF 17 e VDH 93 foram indicados para ambientes favoráveis, e VDH 488, Helio 251, ACA 884 e ACA 885 para os desfavoráveis. Em 2002, não foi realizada a decomposição da média geral. Nesse ano, Exp 37, AG 962, GV 26048 e AG 967 destacaram-se para rendimento de grãos e AG 962, AG 967, GV 26048, AG 972, BRS 191, Guarani, para rendimento de óleo.Despite a large availability of areas suitable for sunflower cropping in Central Brazil, few adapted cultivars are available in the market. The objective of this work was to select sunflower cultivars adapted to this important production region. Experimental data from 2000 to 2004 were obtained by the National Sunflower Trials, coordinated by Embrapa Soja. The evaluated traits were grain and oil yields. Two criteria were used for selection of cultivars: i) the general mean obtained from different environments; ii) partitioning of general mean in favorable and unfavorable environments. Partitioning of the general mean allowed to detect the specific environment indicated for each cultivar. For grain yield, the cultivar Helio 251 presented general indication, Milênio and CF 17 could be indicated for favorable environments and ACA 884, ACA 885 and ACA 872 for the unfavorable ones. For oil yield, CF 13, Milênio, DK 4030, Helio 250 and ACA 872 had general indication; AG 966, GH 12, GV 26043, CF 17 and VDH 93 could be indicated for favorable environments, while VDH 488, Helio 251, ACA 884 and ACA 885 for the unfavorable conditions. In 2002, the partition of the general mean was not carried out. In this year, general mean of cultivars Exp 37, AG 962, GV 26048 and AG 967 were overweight the controls for grain yield and the cultivars AG 962, AG 967, GV 26048, AG 972, BRS 191, Guarani were overweight the controls for oil yield

Combining abilities in green corn genotypes for yield and industrial quality traits

The general and specificcombining abilities and the reciprocal effects of seven hybrids and two open pollination varieties of green corn were evaluated, aiming the formation of base populations to be used as a source of superior inbred lines. For the purpose of this study, two experiments were carried out in Maringá/PR and Sabáudia/PR, during the crop season of 2014/15. The experiments were evaluated in incomplete block design alpha lattice, with three replications. The parents AM811, HTMV1, Cativerde 02 and AL Piratininga were selected based on their ĝi and the following hybrid combinations AM811 x CD316, AM811 x AG1051, AM811 x HTMV1, AM606 x Cativerde 02 and Al Piratininga x AG4051 presented the most desirable ŝij effects. Regarding the reciprocal effects, the genotype AM811 is recommended to be used as male parent in further hybrid combination

Partial diallel analysis of maize inbred lines for grain yield and resistance to gray leaf spot including reciprocal effects

The use of diallel crosses for breeding of disease-resistant genotypes with high grain yield is a common practice in maize (Zea mays L.) breeding programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the grain yield and resistance to gray leaf spot of maize inbred lines and hybrids, including reciprocals, using a new diallel model approach, described in a recent publication, to estimate the effects of general and specific combining abilities and reciprocal effects partitioned in maternal and cytoplasmic effects. For a simultaneous increase in grain yield and genetic resistance to gray leaf spot, D3 is the most promising inbred line for future combinations, in view of the positive GCA effects for grain yield and negative effects for C. zeina severity. The hybrid combinations D2 x F3, D3 x F5 and D4 x F3 should be used in future field trials. Based on the estimates of the reciprocal effects, D6 is recommended as female parent in hybrid combinations for resistance to Cercospora zeina

Genetic divergence in popcorn genotypes using microsatellites in bulk genomic DNA

The genetic diversity of 25 popcorn genotypes was estimated based on DNA bulks from 78 plants of eachvariety. The procedure involved 23 microsatellite loci distributed on 9 maize chromosomes. Clustering analysis according tothe Tocher method and the hierarchical clustering procedures (nearest neighbor, furthest neighbor and Unweighted Pair-Group Method Using Arithmetic Averages - UPGMA) were performed. The cophenetic correlation coefficients indicated theUPGMA method as adequate to distinguish the varieties. The clusters suggested by the molecular analysis generally groupedgenotypes with the same genealogy together. The genetic dissimilarity of the varieties Argentina, Chile, PA-091 and PR-023was higher than of the others. Therefore, higher heterozygosity is expected in progenies from crosses with the other genotypes