A knowdegle economy approach for the development of countries based on natural resources: the case of Chile

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Departamento de Economía Aplicada: Fecha de lectura: 24-09-201

Estimating dynamic Panel data. A practical approach to perform long panels.

Panel data methodology is one of the most popular tools for quantitative analyses in the field of social sciences, particularly on topics related to economics and business. This technique allows us simultaneously addressing individual effects, numerous periods, and in turn, the endogeneity of the model or independent regressors. Despite these advantages, there are several methodological and practical limitations to perform estimations using this tool. Two types of models can be estimated with Panel data. While those of static nature have been the most developed, for performing dynamic models still remain some theoretical and practical constraints. This paper focus precisely on the latter, dynamics panel data, using an approach that combines theory and praxis, and paying special attention on estimations with macro database, that is to say, dataset with a long period of time and a small number of individuals, also called long panels.La metodología de Datos de Panel es una de las técnicas más usadas para realizar análisis cuantitativos en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales, especialmente en temas relacionados con la economía y los negocios. Su riqueza reside en que esta técnica permite trabajar con varios periodos de tiempo, incorporar los efectos individuales, y a su vez, tratar la endogeneidad. A pesar de estas ventajas, existen diversos obstáculos para su implementación, tanto metodológicos como operativos. Dentro de los tipos de modelos que se pueden estimar con Datos de Panel, los de carácter estáticos han sido los más desarrollados, persistiendo aún carencias teórico-prácticas para los modelos dinámicos. Este artículo pone precisamente su énfasis en estos últimos, aplicando un enfoque que conjuga la teoría y la praxis, y prestando especial atención a su aplicabilidad para datos macroeconómicos, fundamentalmente para paneles que poseen un período de tiempo largo y un número de individuos pequeño

El sistema de ciencia y tecnología de corea del sur: ¿un ejemplo de colaboración internacional para Europa?

ABSTRACT This study analyses the Science and Technology (S&T) system of South Korea, putting special attention on the international collaboration with European Union (EU) in order to understand the Korean progress based on science, as well as to identify new opportunities from scientific cooperation between those economies. To do this, we analyse secondary information available in international databases, documentation related to international treaties of S&T collaboration of Korea with Europe as well as background and previous studies on the Korean S&T. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the evolution and structure of the Korean S&T system, the mechanisms of collaboration with EU, compared with United States of America, and to identify the main challenges and opportunities in order to increase scientific activities between Korea and EU. Along with the evidence that S&T system of Korea evolved positively, despite the fact that Korea-EU cooperation has been weak, findings also note that there are important ways for future collaborative S&T works due to the coincidence of strategies and development perspectives. It is also clear multinational companies in Korea are nowadays an important source of S&T development.Este artículo analiza el sistema de Ciencia y Tecnología (CyT) de Corea Sur, poniendo atención en la colaboración internacional con la Unión Europea (UE), con el fin de ayudar a comprender el desarrollo económico de Corea, obtener recomendaciones e identificar oportunidades de colaboración para Europa. Para ello, se revisa y analiza información disponible en bases de datos, tratados internacionales de colaboración en CyT entre Corea y la UE, así como antecedentes y estudios previos sobre esta temática. Para tales efectos, el estudio se orienta a analizar la estructura y evolución del sistema coreano de CyT y los principales mecanismos de colaboración con la UE y, a la vez, identificar los principales desafíos y oportunidades para incrementar la actividad científica y tecnológica conjunta Corea-UE. Los resultados obtenidos, junto con reconocer el avance del sistema científico y tecnológico de Corea y las vías seguidas para lograrlo, se evidencia que la colaboración Corea-UE ha sido débil, coexistiendo una gran oportunidad de incrementarla gracias a la coincidencia de estrategias y perspectivas de desarrollo. También es claro que parte importante de la CyT que lleva a cabo Corea es el resultado de la actividad privada y en particular de las empresas multinacionales. ABSTRACT This study analyses the Science and Technology (S&T) system of South Korea, putting special attention on the international collaboration with European Union (EU) in order to understand the Korean progress based on science, as well as to identify new opportunities from scientific cooperation between those economies. To do this, we analyse secondary information available in international databases, documentation related to international treaties of S&T collaboration of Korea with Europe as well as background and previous studies on the Korean S&T. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the evolution and structure of the Korean S&T system, the mechanisms of collaboration with EU, compared with United States of America, and to identify the main challenges and opportunities in order to increase scientific activities between Korea and EU. Along with the evidence that S&T system of Korea evolved positively, despite the fact that Korea-EU cooperation has been weak, findings also note that there are important ways for future collaborative S&T works due to the coincidence of strategies and development perspectives. It is also clear multinational companies in Korea are nowadays an important source of S&T development

Identifying the key factors of growth in natural resource-driven countries: A look from the knowledge-based economy

The effect of natural resources (NR) on growth has been a topic widely discussed in the economics literature. The evidence shows a predominant negative impact of this, but this can be neutralized if countries adopt a more knowledge-intensive industrial structure. This paper seeks to explore the key factors for growth in natural resource-driven countries under a knowledge economy perspective, providing new evidence that corroborates how a development path based on NR is plausible when some conditions are present. Performing cluster and panel data analyses, our findings reveal the essential role of openness and Foreign direct investment (FDI) to access foreign technologies as key driving factors. Meanwhile, the case of Chile confirms the importance of intangibles for a country’s growth, and demonstrates that a weak innovation capability can become a serious blockage for sustained progress despite the successful advance in other dimensions

Identifying the role of natural resources in knowledge-based strategies of development

Knowledge has adopted a preferential role in the explanation of development while the evidence about the effect of natural resources in countries’ performance is more controversial in the economic literature. This paper tries to demonstrate that natural resources may positively affect growth in countries with a strong natural resources specialization pattern although the magnitude of these effects depend on the type of resources and on other aspects related to the production and innovation systems. The positive trajectory described by a set of national economies mainly specialized in natural resources and low-tech industries invites us to analyze what is the combination of factors that serves as engine for a sustainable development process. With panel data for the period 1996-2008 we estimate an applied growth model where both traditional factors and other more related to innovation and absorptive capabilities are taken into account. Our empirical findings show that according to the postulates of a knowledge-based approach, a framework that combines physical and intangible factors is more suitable for the definition of development strategies in those prosperous economies dominated by natural resources and connected activities, while the internationalization process of activities and technologies become also a very relevant aspect

Estimando datos de panel dinámicos. Un enfoque práctico para abordar paneles largos

Panel data methodology is one of the most popular tools for quantitative analysis in the field of social sciences, particularly on topics related to economics and business. This technique allows simultaneously addressing individual effects, numerous periods, and in turn, the endogeneity of the model or independent regressors. Despite these advantages, there are several methodological and practical limitations to perform estimations using this tool. There are two types of models that can be estimated with Panel data: Static and Dynamic, the former is the most developed while dynamic models still have some theoretical and practical constraints. This paper focuses precisely on the latter, Dynamic panel data, using an approach that combines theory and praxis, and paying special attention on its applicability on macroeonomic data, specially datasets with a long period of time and a small number of individuals, also called long panels.Sin financiaciónNo data 2018UE

El sistema de ciencia y tecnología de Corea del Sur: ¿un ejemplo de colaboración internacional para Europa?

This study analyses the Science and Technology (S&T) system of South Korea, putting special attention on the international collaboration with European Union (EU) in order to understand the Korean progress based on science, as well as to identify new opportunities from scientific cooperation between those economies. To do this, we analyse secondary information available in international databases, documentation related to international treaties of S&T collaboration of Korea with Europe as well as background and previous studies on the Korean S&T. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the evolution and structure of the Korean S&T system, the mechanisms of collaboration with EU, compared with United States of America, and to identify the main challenges and opportunities in order to increase scientific activities between Korea and EU. Along with the evidence that S&T system of Korea evolved positively, despite the fact that Korea-EU cooperation has been weak, findings also note that there are important ways for future collaborative S&T works due to the coincidence of strategies and development perspectives. It is also clear multinational companies in Korea are nowadays an important source of S&T development.Este artículo analiza el sistema de Ciencia y Tecnología (CyT) de Corea Sur, poniendo atención en la colaboración internacional con la Unión Europea (UE), con el fin de ayudar a comprender el desarrollo económico de Corea, obtener recomendaciones e identificar oportunidades de colaboración para Europa. Para ello, se revisa y analiza información disponible en bases de datos, tratados internacionales de colaboración en CyT entre Corea y la UE, así como antecedentes y estudios previos sobre esta temática. Para tales efectos, el estudio se orienta a analizar la estructura y evolución del sistema coreano de CyT y los principales mecanismos de colaboración con la UE y, a la vez, identificar los principales desafíos y oportunidades para incrementar la actividad científica y tecnológica conjunta Corea-UE. Los resultados obtenidos, junto con reconocer el avance del sistema científico y tecnológico de Corea y las vías seguidas para lograrlo, se evidencia que la colaboración Corea-UE ha sido débil, coexistiendo una gran oportunidad de incrementarla gracias a la coincidencia de estrategias y perspectivas de desarrollo. También es claro que parte importante de la CyT que lleva a cabo Corea es el resultado de la actividad privada y en particular de las empresas multinacionales