Berry size variability in Vitis vinifera L.

In order to study the mechanisms of berry growth in Vitis vinifera L. we analysed cell division and pericarp enlargement of 6 genotypes showing high variability in berry size (range: 49-90 %. Both, cell number and cell volume were involved in the small-sized berries of the flb mutant producing wild-type-like berries. The differences of berry size observed in other small-sized clones were only due to cell expansion. The data suggest that the variability of berry size in V. vinifera cultivars predominantly results from modification of cell enlargement. Conversely, in wild-type-like berries, the variability of berry size could result from both, cell division and cell enlargement.

First observations of the microvine development under 100 % LED (light emitting diodes) illumination

In order to reduce energy waste for artificial lights and subsequent air conditioning in plant growth chambers, the aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the feasibility of growing the microvine under 100 % of LED illumination. Plant growth under two different LED lights was compared amongst each other and with plants maintained in greenhouse conditions. Regarding the impact on the reproductive and vegetative systems, the study showed that LED light is suitable to grow microvines in confined environments. Plants exposed to LED light exhibited similar leaf emergence rate but reduced vegetative and reproductive organ size compared to plants grown in the greenhouse. Photosynthesis for plants exposed to LED light was higher than what is usually observed on grapevine under natural conditions.

Сравнение эффективности применения трастузумаба в течение 6 и 12 мес в адъювантном режиме при лечении пациенток с ранним HER2+ раком молочной железы в рандомизированных исследованиях III фазы

Представленырезультаты многоцентровых клинических исследований, на основании которых применение трастузумаба в течение 12 мес в адъювантном режиме было регламентировано в США и Европе как стандарт при лечении пациенток с ранним HER2+ раком молочной железы (РМЖ). Приведены данные многоцентрового рандомизированного клинического исследования фазы III (PHARE, NCT00381901), целью которого было сравнение эффективности применения трастузумаба в течение 6 или 12 мес по принципу «noninferiority». Результаты этого исследования, полученные при медиане периода наблюдения 42 мес, не подтвердили предположения, что применение трастузумаба для адъювантной терапии в течение 6 мес у пациенток с ранним HER2+ РМЖ не менее эффективно, чем в течение 12 мес, хотя при сокращении длительности лечения несколько снижается уровень кардиотоксичности.The results of multicenter clinical trial on the basis of 12-month adjuvant use of trastuzumab administered in the US and Europe as a standard in the treatment of patients with early HER2+ breast cancer are presented. The data of a multicenter rando mized clinical trial, phase III (PHARE, NCT00381901), the purpose of which was to compare the efficacy of trastuzumab for 6 months or 12 months on the principle of «non-inferiority» are considered. The results of this study obtained under a median follow-up 42 months, did not confirm the assumption that the adjuvant use of trastuzumab for 6 months in patients with early HER2+ breast cancer is not less effective than at 12 months, although the reduction in the duration of treatment is somewhat reduced level of cardiotoxicity

Feasibility and Cardiac Safety of Trastuzumab Emtansine After Anthracycline-Based Chemotherapy As (neo) Adjuvant Therapy for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer

Purpose Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), an antibody-drug conjugate comprising the cytotoxic agent DM1, a stable linker, and trastuzumab, has demonstrated substantial activity in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) -positive metastatic breast cancer, raising interest in evaluating the feasibility and cardiac safety of T-DM1 in early-stage breast cancer (EBC). Patients and Methods Patients (N = 153) with HER2-positive EBC and prechemotherapy left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) \u3e= 55% received (neo) adjuvant doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide or fluorouracil plus epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide followed by T-DM1 for four cycles. Patients could then receive three to four cycles of optional docetaxel with or without trastuzumab. T-DM1 was then resumed with optional radiotherapy (sequential or concurrent) for 1 year (planned) of HER2-directed therapy. The coprimary end points were rate of prespecified cardiac events and safety. Results Median follow-up was 24.6 months. No prespecified cardiac events or symptomatic congestive heart failures were reported. Four patients (2.7%) had asymptomatic LVEF declines (\u3e= 10 percentage points from baseline to LVEF\u3c 50%), leading to T-DM1 discontinuation in one patient. Of 148 patients who received \u3e= one cycle of T-DM1, 82.4% completed the planned 1-year duration of HER2-directed therapy. During T-DM1 treatment, 38.5% and 2.7% of patients experienced grade 3 and 4 adverse events, respectively. Approximately 95% of patients receiving T-DM1 plus radiotherapy completed \u3e= 95% of the planned radiation dose with dela