CITOTOXICIDAD Y ACTIVIDAD ANTIVIRAL DE EXTRACTOS DE CHILES (Capsicum spp), CYTOTOXICITY AND ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF PEPPER EXTRACTS (Capsicum spp)

RESUMENEn este trabajo se evaluaron  la citotoxicidad y la actividad antiviral en contra del virus herpes simplex tipo 1 (VHS-1)  de extractos  de chile Jalapeño, Serrano, Guajillo, Ancho, Pimiento (Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum.) y Habanero (Capsicum chinense Jacq), así como de los fenilpropanoides, ácidos fenólicos y flavonoides puros que fueron identificados por HPLC-MS en los extractos  de chile. La concentración que causa el 50 % de toxicidad en células Vero fue determinada (CC50) así como el potencial antiviral de los extractos de chiles y de los compuestos puros,  expresado como la concentración inhibitoria del 50 %  (CI50) en contra de los efectos citopáticos en células Vero infectadas con el virus. El índice de selectividad fue calculado como la relación de CC50 entreCI50.  El extracto de Pimiento mostró las más baja citotoxicidad (CC50= 9.82 ± 0.06 mg/mL) y la más alta  actividad antiviral (IC50= 0.56 ± 0.02 mg/mL), con el mayor índice de selectividad de 17.5. Los extractos de chile Ancho y Guajillo mostraron también una alta capacidad antiviral. El extracto de chile Habanero presentó la mayor citotoxicidad y el menor índice de selectividad. Los compuestos fenólicos contenidos en los extractos también mostraron actividad antiviral, lo que sugiere que pueden ser estos compuestos los responsables de la actividad antiviral de los chiles.Palabras clave: Capsicum spp, citotoxicidad, actividad antiviral, compuestos fenólicos.

Natural co‐infection of divergent hepatitis B and C virus homologues in carnivores

In humans, co-infection of hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV) is common and aggravates disease outcome. Infection-mediated disease aggravation is poorly understood, partly due to lack of suitable animal models. Carnivores are understudied for hepatitis virus homologues. We investigated Mexican carnivores (ringtails, Bassariscus astutus) for HBV and HCV homologues. Three out of eight animals were infected with a divergent HBV termed ringtail HBV (RtHBV) at high viral loads of 5 x 10(9) -1.4 x 10(10) copies/ml serum. Two of the RtHBV-infected animals were co-infected with a divergent hepacivirus termed ringtail hepacivirus (RtHV) at 4 x 10(6)-7.5 x 10(7) copies/ml in strain-specific qRT-PCR assays. Immunofluorescence assays relying on HBV core and RtHV NS3/4a proteins indicated that none of the animals had detectable hepadnavirus core-specific antibodies, whereas one RtHV-infected animal had concomitant RtHV-specific antibodies at 1:800 end-point titre. RtHBV and RtHV complete genomes showed typical HBV and HCV structure and length. All RtHBV genomes were identical, whereas RtHV genomes showed four amino acid substitutions located predominantly in the E1/E2-encoding genomic regions. Both RtHBV (>28% genomic nucleotide sequence distance) and RtHV (>30% partial NS3/NS5B amino acid sequence distance) formed new species within their virus families. Evolutionary analyses showed that RtHBV grouped with HBV homologues from different laurasiatherian hosts (carnivores, bats, and ungulates), whereas RtHV grouped predominantly with rodent-borne viruses. Ancestral state reconstructions showed that RtHV, but not RtHBV, likely emerged via a non-recent host switch involving rodent-borne hepacivirus ancestors. Conserved hepatitis virus infection patterns in naturally infected ringtails indicate that carnivores may be promising animal models to understand HBV/HCV co-infection

Desarrollo multidisciplinario en investigación y docencia del centro universitario UAEM Valle de México

DESARROLLO MULTIDISCIPLINARIO EN INVESTIGACIÓN Y DOCENCIA DEL CENTRO UNIVERSITARIO UAEM VALLE DE MÉXICOLa Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México ha evolucionado a través de sus 188 años de historia, dedicada a la educación, la investigación, la cultura y el deporte, como sus grandes ejes rectores, formadora de hombres y mujeres con un alto sentido humanista y ético, contribuyendo a lograr nuevas y mejores formas de existencia y convivencia social. Durante el proceso de desconcentración de la UAEM, se crearon las Unidades Académicas y Centros Universitarios para brindar el servicio de educación a más jóvenes en todo el Estado de México, este Centro Universitario fue uno de los primeros y a sus veinte años de existencia se está consolidando como uno de los mejores. Es en los últimos años que se ha venido impulsando la investigación al contar con cuerpos académicos, en formación y en consolidación, con infraestructura de primera tanto en equipo como en laboratorios especializados, con profesores de tiempo completo que participan en congresos, seminarios y presentan publicaciones en revistas indexadas. Por ello para celebrar esos veinte años de existencia de esta honorable institución, se planeó la compilación de esta obra que es parte del quehacer multidisciplinario en investigación y docencia como parte del Plan de Desarrollo 2013-2017, de esta administración. Esta obra reúne investigaciones tanto de profesores como de alumnos desde las diferentes ramas del saber en las que se inscriben sus siete licenciaturas, Actuaría, Administración, Contaduría, Derecho, Economía, Relaciones Económicas Internacionales e Informática Administrativa, tanto presencial como a distancia, así como sus tres ingenierías, Industrial, en Computación y Sistemas y Comunicaciones, así como gracias a la vinculación y colaboración académico – científica que se tiene con otras instituciones de educación superior a nivel nacional, como el Instituto Tecnológico de Orizaba, la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Universidad Politécnica de Victoria, el Instituto Politécnico Nacional entre otras. En el capítulo 1 se abordan seis temáticas diferentes de vanguardia en el área de las Ingenierías, en los capítulos 2 y 3 se incluyen temas de interés y gran relevancia en materia de ciencias sociales, política y economía. Se hace extensivo un reconocimiento para todos los que participaron tanto en la revisión de los trabajos, como en la compilación del producto final de este Libro intitulado “Desarrollo Multidisciplinario en Investigación y Docencia del Centro Universitario UAEM Valle de México”

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs

The global retinoblastoma outcome study : a prospective, cluster-based analysis of 4064 patients from 149 countries

DATA SHARING : The study data will become available online once all analyses are complete.BACKGROUND : Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular cancer worldwide. There is some evidence to suggest that major differences exist in treatment outcomes for children with retinoblastoma from different regions, but these differences have not been assessed on a global scale. We aimed to report 3-year outcomes for children with retinoblastoma globally and to investigate factors associated with survival. METHODS : We did a prospective cluster-based analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed between Jan 1, 2017, and Dec 31, 2017, then treated and followed up for 3 years. Patients were recruited from 260 specialised treatment centres worldwide. Data were obtained from participating centres on primary and additional treatments, duration of follow-up, metastasis, eye globe salvage, and survival outcome. We analysed time to death and time to enucleation with Cox regression models. FINDINGS : The cohort included 4064 children from 149 countries. The median age at diagnosis was 23·2 months (IQR 11·0–36·5). Extraocular tumour spread (cT4 of the cTNMH classification) at diagnosis was reported in five (0·8%) of 636 children from high-income countries, 55 (5·4%) of 1027 children from upper-middle-income countries, 342 (19·7%) of 1738 children from lower-middle-income countries, and 196 (42·9%) of 457 children from low-income countries. Enucleation surgery was available for all children and intravenous chemotherapy was available for 4014 (98·8%) of 4064 children. The 3-year survival rate was 99·5% (95% CI 98·8–100·0) for children from high-income countries, 91·2% (89·5–93·0) for children from upper-middle-income countries, 80·3% (78·3–82·3) for children from lower-middle-income countries, and 57·3% (52·1-63·0) for children from low-income countries. On analysis, independent factors for worse survival were residence in low-income countries compared to high-income countries (hazard ratio 16·67; 95% CI 4·76–50·00), cT4 advanced tumour compared to cT1 (8·98; 4·44–18·18), and older age at diagnosis in children up to 3 years (1·38 per year; 1·23–1·56). For children aged 3–7 years, the mortality risk decreased slightly (p=0·0104 for the change in slope). INTERPRETATION : This study, estimated to include approximately half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017, shows profound inequity in survival of children depending on the national income level of their country of residence. In high-income countries, death from retinoblastoma is rare, whereas in low-income countries estimated 3-year survival is just over 50%. Although essential treatments are available in nearly all countries, early diagnosis and treatment in low-income countries are key to improving survival outcomes.The Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Trust and the Wellcome Trust.https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/homeam2023Paediatrics and Child Healt

Marketing-GE66-201701

El curso de Marketing es de especialidad de la carrera de Ingeniería de Gestión Empresarial de carácter teórico-práctico está dirigido a los estudiantes de quinto ciclo y busca desarrollar la competencia general de Comunicación oral y escrita y la competencia específica ( g ) Tienen la habilidad para comunicarse con propiedad y actitud positiva de forma individual y en equipo.El curso de marketing está orientado a presentar las herramientas básicas del marketing para bienes y servicios con estas herramientas el profesional de la carrera de Ingeniería de Gestión Empresarial con estas herramientas podrá generar valor para su organización y hacerla más competitiv

Desarrollo De Negocios 1-GD23-201702

Descripción: El curso de Desarrollo de Negocios 1 realiza una profunda experimentación sobre la validación del problema y de la solución para un modelo de negocio de un emprendimiento o intra-emprendimiento. Esta validación del mercado es fundamental en la vida profesional contemporánea de cualquier administrador y por ello su empleo exige el desarrollo de una capacidad innovadora que nos permita aprovecharla de manera eficiente creativa y ética.Propósito: El curso de Desarrollo de Negocios 1 se ha diseñado con el propósito de permitir al futuro administrador experimentar su capacidad emprendedora en el noveno ciclo de la carrera a través de la experimentación de la validación del mercado

Desarrollo De Negocios 1-GD23-201901

Descripción: El curso de Desarrollo de Negocios 1 realiza una profunda experimentación sobre la validación del problema y de la solución para un modelo de negocio de un emprendimiento o intra-emprendimiento. Esta validación del mercado es fundamental en la vida profesional contemporánea de cualquier administrador y por ello su empleo exige el desarrollo de una capacidad innovadora que nos permita aprovecharla de manera eficiente creativa y ética. Propósito: El curso de Desarrollo de Negocios 1 se ha diseñado con el propósito de permitir al futuro administrador experimentar su capacidad emprendedora en el noveno ciclo de la carrera a través de la experimentación de la validación del mercado. El curso contribuye directamente al desarrollo de las competencias generales de Ciudadanía y de Pensamiento innovador y específica de Investigación e innovación todas a un nivel 3

Desarrollo De Negocios 1-GD23-201800

Descripción:El curso de Desarrollo de Negocios 1 realiza una profunda experimentación sobre la validación del problema y de la solución para un modelo de negocio de un emprendimiento o intra-emprendimiento. Esta validación del mercado es fundamental en la vida profesional contemporánea de cualquier administrador y por ello su empleo exige el desarrollo de una capacidad innovadora que nos permita aprovecharla de manera eficiente creativa y ética.Propósito:El curso de Desarrollo de Negocios 1 se ha diseñado con el propósito de permitir al futuro administrador experimentar su capacidad emprendedora en el noveno ciclo de la carrera a través de la experimentación de la validación del mercado

Molecular and serological detection of Babesia bovis- and Babesia bigemina-infection in bovines and water buffaloes raised jointly in an endemic field

Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina are causative agents of bovine babesiosis, a tick-borne disease of cattle in tropical and subtropical regions. Babesia spp. infection adversely affects cattle health and can be fatal resulting in considerable economic loss worldwide. Under endemic stability conditions, herds contain high numbers of chronically infected, asymptomatic carrier animals, in which no parasitemia is detected by microscopic blood smear examination. In addition to bovines, also water buffaloes are infected by both Babesia spp. commonly leading to a subclinical infection. The infection rate (by nPCR) and herd exposure (by IFAT) of bovines and water buffaloes reared under similar field conditions in an area of endemic stability were determined and compared. In order to optimize direct parasite detection, highly sensitive nPCR assays were developed and applied, allowing the detection of as little as 0.1 fg DNA of each Babesia pathogen. Significantly lower percentages (p < 0.001) of seropositive water buffaloes compared to bovines were observed for B. bovis (71.4% vs. 98%) and B. bigemina (85% vs. 100%). Interestingly, in comparison, differences noticed between water buffaloes and bovines were considerably larger with direct parasite detection by nPCR (16.2% vs. 82.3% and 24% vs. 94.1% for B. bovis and B. bigemina, respectively). As expected, bovines subjected to monthly acaricide applications exhibited a significant lower infection rate as determined by nPCR than bovines not subjected to these measures (B. bovis 33.3% vs. 90.7%, p < 0.001; B. bigemina 80% vs. 96.5%, p < 0.001, for treated vs. untreated animals). Interestingly no differences between these groups were observed with respect to seropositivity, suggesting similar rates of parasite exposure (B. bovis 100% vs. 97.7%, p < 0.001; B. bigemina 100% vs. 100%, p < 0.001). Importantly, a significantly higher number of water buffaloes as determined by nPCR were infected when reared jointly with bovines not subjected to tick control than when reared jointly with bovines subjected to tick control (B. bovis 31.6% vs. 9.5%, p < 0.01; B. bigemina 42.1% vs. 9.5%, p < 0.01, for water buffaloes reared with untreated vs. treated bovines) and/or when reared without bovines (B. bovis 31.6% vs. 11.6%, p < 0.01; B. bigemina 42.1% vs. 20%, p < 0.01). An accumulation of seropositivity and a decline of infection rates were observed in older animals, while differences observed with regard to gender may warrant further investigation. In summary, our findings suggest that water buffaloes are much more capable to limit or eliminate Babesia infection, possibly due to a more capable immune defense. Furthermore, an increased Babesia spp. parasite reservoir of bovines seems to increase the infection rate of water buffaloes when both are reared on the same pasture.Fil: Romero-Salas, Dora. Universidad Veracruzana. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Laboratorio de Parasitología; MéxicoFil: Mira, Anabela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología; ArgentinaFil: Mosqueda, Juan. Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; MéxicoFil: García-Vázquez, Zeferino. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias. Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Parasitología Veterinaria; MéxicoFil: Hidalgo-Ruiz, Mario. Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; MéxicoFil: Ortiz Vela, Noot Aditya. Universidad Veracruzana. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Laboratorio de Parasitología; MéxicoFil: Perez de Leóne, Adalberto Angel. United States Department of Agriculture. Knipling-Bushland U. S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Florin-Christensen, Monica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Schnittger, Leonhard. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin