The interference of tetrachloromethane in the measurement of benzene in the air by a gas chromatography–photoionisation detector (GC-PID)

The European Union requires that benzene in the air is continuously measured due to its toxicity and widespread presence in the population nuclei, mainly motivated by vehicle emissions. The reference measuring technique is gas chromatography (GC). Automatic chromatographs used in monitoring stations must verify the operating conditions established in Standard EN 14662 part 3, which includes a type approval section with a number of tests that analysers must pass. Among these tests, the potential interference of a number of compounds is evaluated. The 2005 version of the mentioned standard requires the evaluation of the potential interference of tetrachloromethane (TCM). The 2015 version eliminates TCM as a potential interferent. Although most consumer uses of TCM have been banned, recent studies have measured significant concentrations of TCM in the air. In this paper, the potential interference of TCM in benzene measurements obtained with gas chromatography coupled to a photoionisation detector (GC-PID) has been investigated. Our study shows that the simultaneous presence of benzene and TCM causes a significant decrease in benzene readings. For TCM concentrations of 0.7 µg m−3 (typical of urban areas) and 4.5 µg m−3 (detected in the vicinity of landfills), the relative errors in benzene measurements were 34 % and 70 %, respectively, which are far too high compared to the maximum overall uncertainty allowed for benzene measurements (25 %). Possible mechanisms to qualitatively and quantitatively explain the behaviour of the PID when measuring benzene with and without TCM have been proposed.The authors would like to acknowledge the Consejería de Agua, Agricultura y Medio Ambiente of the Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia for its financial support and for the facilities to carry out this work. Cristina Romero-Trigueros acknowledges the financial support from a postdoctoral training and development fellowship (20363/PD/17) of Consejería de Empleo, Universidades y Empresa (CARM) by the Fundación Séneca – Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia

La estereotipación de las variedades del español en «Ocho apellidos catalanes»: un análisis lingüístico

El presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado tiene como objetivo analizar las principales variedades del español de la película «Ocho apellidos catalanes»: el andaluz (concretamente la variedad sevillana), la variedad del español de Cataluña y la variedad del español del País Vasco. Asimismo, pretende establecer si los rasgos lingüísticos característicos de dichas variedades se muestran fieles a la realidad o si por el contrario se exageran dando lugar a una estereotipación. Para resolver estas cuestiones, se llevará a cabo un exhaustivo análisis lingüístico, con el fin de extraer conclusiones certeras y confirmar si la estereotipación de las variedades es un recurso comúnmente usado para aportar comicidad a los productos audiovisuales.This Final Degree Project aims to analyse the main varieties of Spanish present in the film «Spanish Affair 2» (in Spanish, «Ocho apellidos catalanes»): the Andalusian variety (specifically the Sevillian variety), the variety of Spanish from Catalonia and the variety of Spanish from the Basque Country. It also seeks to establish whether the characteristic linguistic features of these varieties are accurately represented or whether, on the contrary, they are exaggerated, resulting in stereotyping. In order to answer these questions, we will carry out an exhaustive linguistic analysis to draw reliable conclusions and to confirm if the varieties are commonly stereotyped to add comedy to audiovisual products.Universidad de Granada. Grado en Traducción e Interpretació

Effects of a Home Literacy Environment Program on Psychlinguistic Variables in Children from 6 to 8 Years of Age.

Background: the objective of this study was to improve certain psycholinguistic and cognitive skills that are fundamental to the development of the reading process, such as phonological awareness, reading decoding, vocabulary and oral narrative comprehension, through the introduction of an Home Literacy Environment Active (HLE(A)) program that involved 54 participants enrolled in the first and second grades of elementary school (from 6 to 8 years old) in the city of Malaga area. (2) Methods: The central task of the intervention program was for the child to read aloud to an adult in the family for between 10 and 15 min, four days per week. In addition, the school students were evaluated on four occasions, at the beginning and end of each academic year, using the Batería de Evaluación de los Procesos Lectores Revisada, Test para la Detección de la Dislexia en niños and Escala Weschsler de Inteligencia instruments. (3) Results: the results demonstrated the efficacy of the HLE(A) program in the improvement of psycholinguistic and cognitive variables measured and, consequently, to an improvement in reading learning and cognitive development. Ultimately, the scientific literature on the subject and the data from the study led us to suggest that it would not only be beneficial for HLE(A) programs to be instituted in early childhood education stage (up to 6 years of age), but that they should be continued after age 6, in elementary education

La Convención Mundial sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad: reflexiones en torno a la Educación Inclusiva en tiempos de crisis

La Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad (2006,, entró en vigor el 3 de mayo del 2008), en su artículo 24, configura el derecho a la educación desde la perspectiva de derechos humanos, sobre la base de la igualdad de oportunidades y la no discriminación y de acuerdo con el modelo social de la discapacidad presente en toda la Convención. Este artículo obliga a los Estados a garantizar un sistema educativo inclusivo. La actual crisis económica hace que nos planteamos, unas reflexiones que favorezcan la inclusión educativa y que no siempre tienen que suponer ampliación de la dotación económica, sino optimizar ideas fuerzas y recursos. Presentamos algunas ideas fuerzas y dentro de ellas indicadores para su desarrollo, entre los que destacamos: Saber de dónde venimos y hacia dónde vamos. Mejorar el sistema educativo en general; Defender modelos de inclusión educativa acordes con la convención en un sistema educativo más eficiente, sin renunciar a la equidad. Asumir responsabilidades y participación. Compromiso con una formación – capacitación de calidad. Nuevas tecnologías con accesibilidad universal y diseño para todos. Control y seguimiento; instaurando la cultura del seguimiento continuo, y evaluación de la gestión pública participativa y participada.The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006...took effect on May 3, 2008), in Article 24, frames the right to education from the point of view of human rights, equal opportunities and no discrimination, according to the social model of disability present throughout the Convention. The Inclusive Education System is required by law and the States must assure this. The current economic crisis force us to think some thoughts to help inclusive education that does not necessarily increase the financial support but the optimization of ideas, forces and resources. We propose some ideas and within them some indicators to develop among which we highlight the following: to know where we come from and where we are going ; to improve the overall education system; to defend inclusion models according to the Convention in the context of a more efficient educational system but without sacrificing the equality; to assume responsibilities and participation; commitment to quality training; universal access to new technologies; control and monitoring, establish the culture of continuous monitoring and participatory evaluation of public management

Sensory quality of turnip greens and turnip tops grown in northwestern Spain

In Galicia (northwestern Spain), Brassica rapa var. rapa L. includes turnip greens and turnip tops as vegetable products. They are characterized by a particular sulfurous aroma, pungent flavor, and a bitter taste. In this work twelve local varieties grown as turnip greens and turnip tops were evaluated to define the sensory attributes, to relate them with secondary metabolites, and to select those sensorial traits that better describe these crops. Results showed differences in the sensory profiles of B. rapa varieties. Turnip greens were significantly differed for aroma intensity, leaf color, and salty taste, while turnip tops were for color and firmness of leaves, moistness and fibrosity in mouth, sharpness, and bitter taste. Secondary metabolites as glucosinolates in turnip greens and phenolic compounds in turnip tops were highly correlated with texture and flavor. Glucosinolates especially progoitrin (in turnip greens) and gluconapin (in turnip tops) showed correlation with bitter taste and aftertaste persistence. Correlation between sensory traits showed highest values between leaf firmness and stalk firmness (0.94**), leaf firmness and fibrosity (R=0.92**), aftertaste persistence and bitterness (R=0.91**) and between bitterness and moistness (R=-0.89**).Research supported by the Xunta de Galicia (PGIDIT06RAG40302PR) and Excma. Diputación Provincial de Pontevedra.Peer reviewe

Price and income elasticities of demand for passenger transport fuel in Spain. Implications for public policies.

The significant increase in passenger transport activity (cars) experienced by Spain and its associated increase in energy consumption have several associated negative aspects, including a greater dependence on foreign energy sources and higher GHG emissions. Therefore, reducing the level of transport activity would bring important socioeconomic and environmental benefits. The aim of this paper, which focuses on energy consumption in the passenger transport, is fourfold: (1) to provide a diagnostic of energy consumption in the Spanish passenger transport system and the related problems; (2) to develop a model to calculate price and income elasticities of demand for transport fuel; (3) to apply this model to the Spanish passenger transport sector;(4) to infer policy recommendations derived from the results of the diagnostic and the model. It is claimed that, in view of those low price elasticities and high income elasticities and if a reduction in the scale of transport activity is deemed socially desirable, a combination of instruments is necessary. Fuel taxes play an important role within this combination. Apart from their long-term effects, the low price elasticity of demand for transport fuel would allow the collection of a significant amount of revenues, which could eventually be earmarked to encourage reductions in private transport demand and modal shifts with other instruments

Proposal for an Integrative Cognitive-Emotional Conception of ADHD

first_pagesettingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessReview Proposal for an Integrative Cognitive-Emotional Conception of ADHD by Rocío Lavigne-Cerván 1ORCID,Marta Sánchez-Muñoz de León 1,Rocío Juárez-Ruiz de Mier 1,*ORCID,Marta Romero-González 1ORCID,Sara Gamboa-Ternero 2,Gemma Rodríguez-Infante 1 andJuan F. Romero-Pérez 1 1 Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain 2 Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(22), 15421; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215421 Received: 23 September 2022 / Revised: 16 November 2022 / Accepted: 19 November 2022 / Published: 21 November 2022 (This article belongs to the Special Issue Emotion Regulation in Children and Adolescents) Download Browse Figure Review Reports Versions Notes Abstract Although numerous efforts have been made to deepen our understanding of the etiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), no explanation of its origins, nor of its consequences, has yet found a consensus within the scientific community. This study performs a theoretical review of various research studies and provides a reflection on the role of emotions in the origin of the disorder, at the neuroanatomical and functional level. To this end, theoretical models (single and multiple origin) and applied studies are reviewed in order to broaden the perspective on the relevance of the executive system in ADHD; it is suggested that this construct is not only composed and activated by cognitive processes and functions, but also includes elements of an emotional and motivational nature. Consequently, it is shown that ADHD is involved in social development and in a person’s ability to adapt to the environment.Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Referencias para dinamometría manual en función de la estatura en edad pediátrica y adolescente

Antecedentes y objetivo: La dinamometría de la mano es una prueba funcional recomendada en la evaluación nutricional. Suele expresarse en función de la edad pero durante el crecimiento, incluso a la misma edad, varía el tamaño corporal. El objetivo del presente trabajo es aportar referencias de la fuerza de la mano en función de la talla. Sujetos y método: La muestra consta de 1.798 escolares entre 6 y 15 años. Se midió la talla, el peso y la fuerza de ambas manos. La dinamometría media (DM) se expresó en función de la estatura y se obtuvieron ecuaciones predictivas. La estadística descriptiva, comparativa y el análisis de regresión se efectuaron con el SPSS 21.0 Resultados: Se aportan referencias percentilares para la DM por categorías de talla en rangos de 5 cm. Las fórmulas obtenidas a partir del modelo de regresión (varones: DM = 0,207*peso + 0,621*talla – 71,461; mujeres DM=0,258*peso + 0,394*talla – 43,967) fueron validadas con la mitad de la muestra. Conclusiones: Las ecuaciones predictivas que se aportan en este trabajo permiten estimar la DM a partir del peso y la estatura con independencia de la edad

Referencias para dinamometría manual en función de la estatura en edad pediátrica y adolescente

Antecedentes y objetivo: La dinamometría de la mano es una prueba funcional recomendada en la evaluación nutricional. Suele expresarse en función de la edad pero durante el crecimiento, incluso a la misma edad, varía el tamaño corporal. El objetivo del presente trabajo es aportar referencias de la fuerza de la mano en función de la talla. Sujetos y método: La muestra consta de 1.798 escolares entre 6 y 15 años. Se midió la talla, el peso y la fuerza de ambas manos. La dinamometría media (DM) se expresó en función de la estatura y se obtuvieron ecuaciones predictivas. La estadística descriptiva, comparativa y el análisis de regresión se efectuaron con el SPSS 21.0 Resultados: Se aportan referencias percentilares para la DM por categorías de talla en rangos de 5 cm. Las fórmulas obtenidas a partir del modelo de regresión (varones: DM = 0,207*peso + 0,621*talla – 71,461; mujeres DM=0,258*peso + 0,394*talla – 43,967) fueron validadas con la mitad de la muestra. Conclusiones: Las ecuaciones predictivas que se aportan en este trabajo permiten estimar la DM a partir del peso y la estatura con independencia de la edad

Razones trigonométricas vistas a través de múltiples lentes

En este capítulo resumimos el trabajo que realizamos durante dos años en MAD: el diseño, la implementación y el balance de la unidad didáctica titulada Razones trigonométricas vistas a través de múltiples lentes. Una unidad didáctica que, como es natural, se encuentra impregnada por las concepciones con las que cuentan sus autores. Una de estas concepciones es la de considerar las matemáticas como creación humana en constante evolución. En consonancia con esta postura, consideramos que el aprendizaje y la enseñanza de las matemáticas se desarrolla a partir de buenas preguntas que constituyen el sentido de los objetos matemáticos y, en este caso específico, de la razón trigonométrica