Las especies de annulohypoxylon (Hypoxylaceae) de Argentina

Se reconocen once especies de Annulohypoxylon para la Argentina. A. purpureonitens y A. purpureopigmentum se registran por primera vez en el Cono Sur, mientras que A. stygium y A. nitens se citan por primera vez para el noroeste de la Argentina. Se describen los estados asexuales de A. purpuropigmentum y A. subeffusum. Además, se proporcionan una tabla comparativa, una clave para las especies argentinas, fotografías y un mapa con la distribución sudamericana de las especies tratadas aquí.Eleven Annulohypoxylon species are recognized for Argentina. Annulohypoxylon purpureonitens and A. purpureopigmentum are recorded for the first time in the Southern Cone, while A. stygium and A. nitens represent new reports for Northwestern Argentina. Furthermore, the asexual states of A. purpureopigmentum and A. subeffusum are described for the first time. In addition, a comparative table, a key to the Argentinean species, photographs, and a distributional map of these species in South America are provided.Fil: Sir, Esteban Benjamin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación Miguel Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Kuhnert, Eric. Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg. Institute for Organic Chemistry; AlemaniaFil: Hladki, Adriana Ines. Fundación Miguel Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Romero, Andrea Irene. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Micología y Botánica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Micología y Botánica; Argentin

A new species of Daldinia (Xylariaceae) from the Argentine subtropical montane forest

Based on a combination of morphological, molecular phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic evidence, a new species of Daldinia from Northwest of Argentina is described. Daldinia korfii is morphologically related to D. placentiformis, but differs in having brown vinaceous, KOH-extractable pigments and the tissue below the perithecial layer is composed of inconspicuous to conspicuous alternating zones in the new taxon.Fil: Sir, Esteban Benjamin. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Dirección de Botánica. Instituto de Micologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lambert, C.. Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung; AlemaniaFil: Wendt, L.. Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung; AlemaniaFil: Hladki, Adriana Ines. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Dirección de Botánica. Instituto de Micologia; ArgentinaFil: Romero, Andrea Irene. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Micología y Botánica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Micología y Botánica; ArgentinaFil: Stadler, M.. Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung; Alemani

Biodiversidad de la familia Xylariaceae (Ascomycota) y sus hospedantes en áreas protegidas de Tucumán (Argentina)

Fourty nine species belonging to the genera Astrocystis, Biscogniauxia, Daldinia, Entonaema, Hypoxylon, Kretzschmaria, Phylacia, Poronia, Rosellinia, Stilbohypoxylon and Xylaria were recorded in protected areas from Tucuman. The species are grouped in probably endemic, cosmopolitan, neotropical and pantropical. The biodiversity of Xylariaceae in this province is compared with those from other countries. Twenty-three host taxa are registered, most of them were dicots. Cinnamomum porphyrium and Podocarpus parlatorei were the two native hosts more colonized.Se registran cuarenta y nueve especies pertenecientes a los géneros Astrocystis, Biscogniauxia, Daldinia, Entonaema, Hypoxylon, Kretzschmaria, Phylacia, Poronia, Rosellinia, Stilbohypoxylon y Xylaria. Las especies se agrupan, según su distribución, en endémica probablemente, cosmopolita, neotropical y pantropical. Se compara la biodiversidad de Xylariales de la provincia de Tucumán con la de otros países. Se identifican veintitrés hospedantes, la mayoría de ellos dicotiledóneas, siendo Cinnamomum porphyrium y Podocarpus parlatorei las especies nativas más colonizadas.Fil: Sir, Esteban Benjamin. Fund.Miguel Lillo. Dir.de Botanica. Laboratorio Criptogámico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Hladki, Adriana Ines. Fund.Miguel Lillo. Dir.de Botanica. Laboratorio Criptogámico; ArgentinaFil: Romero, Andrea Irene. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Micología y Botánica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Micología y Botánica; Argentin

New Perspectives Related to the Bioluminescent System in Dinoflagellates: Pyrocystis lunula, a Case Study

Pyrocystis lunula is considered a model organism due to its bioluminescence capacity linked to circadian rhythms. The mechanisms underlying the bioluminescent phenomenon have been well characterized in dinoflagellates; however, there are still some aspects that remain an enigma. Such is the case of the presence and diversity of the luciferin-binding protein (LBP), as well as the synthesis process of luciferin. Here we carry out a review of the literature in relation to the molecular players responsible for bioluminescence in dinoflagellates, with particular interest in P. lunula. We also carried out a phylogenetic analysis of the conservation of protein sequence, structure and evolutionary pattern of these key players. The basic structure of the luciferase (LCF) is quite conserved among the sequences reported to date for dinoflagellate species, but not in the case of the LBP, which has proven to be more variable in terms of sequence and structure. In the case of luciferin, its synthesis has been shown to be complex process with more than one metabolic pathway involved. The glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the P630 or blue compound, seem to be involved in this process. In the same way, various hypotheses regarding the role of bioluminescence in dinoflagellates are exposed

Answer Set Solving with Generalized Learned Constraints

Conflict learning plays a key role in modern Boolean constraint solving. Advanced in satisfiability testing, it has meanwhile become a base technology in many neighboring fields, among them answer set programming (ASP). However, learned constraints are only valid for a currently solved problem instance and do not carry over to similar instances. We address this issue in ASP and introduce a framework featuring an integrated feedback loop that allows for reusing conflict constraints. The idea is to extract (propositional) conflict constraints, generalize and validate them, and reuse them as integrity constraints. Although we explore our approach in the context of dynamic applications based on transition systems, it is driven by the ultimate objective of overcoming the issue that learned knowledge is bound to specific problem instances. We implemented this workflow in two systems, namely, a variant of the ASP solver clasp that extracts integrity constraints along with a downstream system for generalizing and validating them

Gestión por competencias y desempeño docente en las escuelas del distrito de Chincheros, Apurímac 2021

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo, determinar la correspondencia de las variables: gestión por competencias – preparación para el aprendizaje y desempeño laboral docente – enseñanza para el aprendizaje de los docentes en las escuelas del distrito de Chincheros Apurímac. La metodología tomada en consideración, anduvo en el marco del enfoque cuantitativo, tipo aplicada no experimental, diseño correlacional simple. La muestra tomada fueron 40 docentes de las escuelas del distrito de Chincheros Apurímac, a quienes a través de sus directores se le ha apreciado la valoración con un módulo de 10 ítems de alternativa múltiple para la variable gestión por competencias – preparación para el aprendizaje y 19 ítems para la variable desempeño docente – enseñanza para el aprendizaje; previa validación con expertos y probado su confiabilidad con Alfa de Cronbach. En función a los resultados del estudio se colige: El nivel predominante de gestión por competencias – preparación para el aprendizaje oscila entre 37.5% que realizan algunas veces y un 45% ejecuta casi siempre; que sumados asciende a un 72.5% están en un desempeño regular y solo un 17.5% se encuentran en una gestión eficiente. Por otro lado, en la variable desempeño laboral – enseñanza para el aprendizaje, un 25% de docentes lo hace algunas veces y un 65% lo hace casi siempre, mientras que un 10% lo realiza a nivel óptimo. Concluyendo se tiene que la relación entre las variables de estudio es negativa, inversa y baja, con un valor paramétrico de Rho de Spearman es -0,216; asimismo el valor bilateral p, es 0,181, superior a 0,05, por lo que se rechaza la hipótesis alterna y se acepta la hipótesis nula. Conclusión general, No existe relación significativa entre las variables

Acute-Stress Biomarkers in Three Octopodidae Species After Bottom Trawling

Several Octopodidae species have a great potential for the diversification of worldwide aquaculture. Unfortunately, the lack of stress-related biomarkers in this taxon results an obstacle for its maintenance in conditions where animal welfare is of paramount relevance. In this study, we made a first approach to uncover physiological responses related to fishing capture in Eledone moschata, Eledone cirrhosa, and Octopus vulgaris. Captured octopus from all three species were individually maintained in an aquaculture system onboard of oceanographic vessel in south-western waters of Europe. Haemolymph plasma and muscle were collected in animals at the moment of capture, and recovery was evaluated along a time-course of 48 h in Eledone spp., and 24 h for O. vulgaris. Survival rates of these species captured in spring and autumn were evaluated. Physiological parameters such as plasma pH, total CO2, peroxidase activity, lysozyme, hemocyanin, proteases, pro-phenoloxidase, anti-proteases, free amino acids, lactate and glucose levels, as well as muscle water percentage, free amino acids, lactate, glycogen and glucose values were analyzed. The immune system appears to be compromised in these species due to capture processes, while energy metabolites were mobilized to face the acute-stress situation, but recovery of all described parameters occurs within the first 24 h after capture. Moreover, this situation exerts hydric balance changes, as observed in the muscle water, being these responses depending on the species assessed. In conclusion, three Octopodidae species from south-western waters of Europe have been evaluated for stress-related biomarkers resulting in differentiated mechanisms between species. This study may pave the way to further study the physiology of stress in adult octopuses and develop new methodologies for their growth in aquaculture conditions

Reclaiming Communities and Languages

This article discusses efforts by tribal leaders and members of Cochiti Pueblo, one of the 19 Pueblos of New Mexico, to restore aspects of community life that had been damaged by federal programs-programs that had been carried out without careful study of how they might affect the community. The construction of a dam above the Pueblo by the Army Corps of Engineers nearly three decades ago resulted in the destruction of the pueblo\u27s farmlands. It caused profound disruptions in the lives of the people in this agrarian community, not only in economic terms but in nearly every other aspect of life in the Pueblo. The loss of the indigenous language since the building of the dam is viewed by community leaders as the most crucial change because the language was the key to participation in the life of the community. This article documents these changes, and discusses steps being taken to revitalize the language, and to reclaim the community\u27s future