Measurement of non-linear optical coefficients of chalcogenide glasses near the fundamental absorption band edge

A time-resolved pump-probe method is used for the evaluation of non-linear optical coefficients of chalcogenide glasses from the As-S-Se and Ge-Se systems near their fundamental absorption band edges. The results are analyzed via comparison with the spectral dependencies of the non-linear optical coefficients of crystalline semiconductors; the role of electron transitions through the gap states of chalcogenide glasses is discussed

Typology and Factorial Conditioning of Suicidal Behavior of Adolescents

The problem of suicidal behavior of an individual continues to remain relevant, due to the increase in the number of suicides among people of different ages, on the one hand, and insufficient information about the factors of suicidal behavior of an individual. The purpose of the study is to identify the factors that determine the formation of a certain type of personality who committed suicidal attempts in adolescence. In order to identify the types of adolescent suicides, there was conducted a survey of 20 doctors in psychiatric clinical hospitals in Moscow. The survey results were processed using cluster analysis. To identify the factorial conditioning of suicidal behavior of each personality type, a complex of psychodiagnostic techniques was used, focused on the study of the characteristics of the emotional, value-semantic and behavioral spheres of the personality. The obtained empirical data were processed with the help of factor analysis. Three clusters have been identified that combine similar personality characteristics of suicides. It was specified that among adolescents there are the following personality types: “militant” (22%), “sacrifice” (54%) and “self-deprecating” (24%). Each type of adolescent suicide is due to the characteristics of the emotional, value-semantic and behavioral spheres of their personality. To develop targeted programs for the prevention of suicidal behavior among adolescents, it is necessary to take into account the results of the study, since such programs should be aimed at blocking the factors that form a certain type of suicide

Typology and Factorial Conditioning of Suicidal Behavior of Adolescents

The problem of suicidal behavior of an individual continues to remain relevant, due to the increase in the number of suicides among people of different ages, on the one hand, and insufficient information about the factors of suicidal behavior of an individual. The purpose of the study is to identify the factors that determine the formation of a certain type of personality who committed suicidal attempts in adolescence. In order to identify the types of adolescent suicides, there was conducted a survey of 20 doctors in psychiatric clinical hospitals in Moscow. The survey results were processed using cluster analysis. To identify the factorial conditioning of suicidal behavior of each personality type, a complex of psychodiagnostic techniques was used, focused on the study of the characteristics of the emotional, value-semantic and behavioral spheres of the personality. The obtained empirical data were processed with the help of factor analysis. Three clusters have been identified that combine similar personality characteristics of suicides. It was specified that among adolescents there are the following personality types: “militant” (22%), “sacrifice” (54%) and “self-deprecating” (24%). Each type of adolescent suicide is due to the characteristics of the emotional, value-semantic and behavioral spheres of their personality. To develop targeted programs for the prevention of suicidal behavior among adolescents, it is necessary to take into account the results of the study, since such programs should be aimed at blocking the factors that form a certain type of suicide

Typology and Factorial Conditioning of Suicidal Behavior of Adolescents

The problem of suicidal behavior of an individual continues to remain relevant, due to the increase in the number of suicides among people of different ages, on the one hand, and insufficient information about the factors of suicidal behavior of an individual. The purpose of the study is to identify the factors that determine the formation of a certain type of personality who committed suicidal attempts in adolescence. In order to identify the types of adolescent suicides, there was conducted a survey of 20 doctors in psychiatric clinical hospitals in Moscow. The survey results were processed using cluster analysis. To identify the factorial conditioning of suicidal behavior of each personality type, a complex of psychodiagnostic techniques was used, focused on the study of the characteristics of the emotional, value-semantic and behavioral spheres of the personality. The obtained empirical data were processed with the help of factor analysis. Three clusters have been identified that combine similar personality characteristics of suicides. It was specified that among adolescents there are the following personality types: “militant” (22%), “sacrifice” (54%) and “self-deprecating” (24%). Each type of adolescent suicide is due to the characteristics of the emotional, value-semantic and behavioral spheres of their personality. To develop targeted programs for the prevention of suicidal behavior among adolescents, it is necessary to take into account the results of the study, since such programs should be aimed at blocking the factors that form a certain type of suicide

Determinantes sociais e psicológicos de estados depressivos em estudantes do segundo grau

The purpose of the study is to determine how the demand for self-actualization, level of development, and satisfaction, combined with the degree of social isolation of adolescents, affects their risk of depression. A total of 600 adolescents aged 15-16 were surveyed (random sample, 320 girls and 280 boys). A high level of positive correlation was revealed between the indicators of self-esteem of social isolation of adolescents and the severity of their depressive states, as well as a negative correlation of depressive states with indicators of the level of their self-actualization. The study showed that social exclusion can be both a cause and a consequence of various depressive states. This study confirmed the importance of examining the tendency of adolescents to show depression, and it is essential to take into account even low levels of depression.El propósito del estudio es determinar cómo la demanda de autorrealización, el nivel de desarrollo y satisfacción, combinado con el grado de aislamiento social de los adolescentes, afecta su riesgo de depresión. Materiales y métodos. Se encuestó a un total de 600 adolescentes de 15 a 16 años (muestra aleatoria, 320 niñas y 280 niños). Se reveló un alto nivel de correlación positiva entre los indicadores de autoestima del aislamiento social de los adolescentes y la gravedad de sus estados depresivos, así como una correlación negativa de los estados depresivos con indicadores del nivel de su autorrealización. Discusión. El estudio mostró que la exclusión social puede ser tanto causa como consecuencia de diversos estados depresivos. Conclusión. Este estudio confirmó la importancia de examinar la tendencia de los adolescentes a mostrar depresión, y es fundamental tener en cuenta incluso los niveles bajos de depresión.O objetivo do estudo é determinar como a demanda por autorrealização, nível de desenvolvimento e satisfação, combinados com o grau de isolamento social dos adolescentes, afeta seu risco de depressão. Foram pesquisados 600 adolescentes de 15 a 16 anos (amostra aleatória, 320 meninas e 280 meninos). Foi revelado um alto nível de correlação positiva entre os indicadores de autoestima de isolamento social dos adolescentes e a gravidade de seus estados depressivos, bem como uma correlação negativa dos estados depressivos com indicadores do nível de sua autorrealização. O estudo mostrou que a exclusão social pode ser causa e consequência de vários estados depressivos. Este estudo confirmou a importância de examinar a tendência dos adolescentes a apresentarem depressão, sendo essencial levar em conta mesmo níveis baixos de depressão

Ways of intensification of economic growth and activation of investment activities in order to ensure the economic security of the Russian Federation

Macroeconomic dynamics is in the focus of attention of the scientific community due to the fact that it characterizes the key trends in the development of the national economy. The basic indicator in the system of national accounts is the gross domestic product (GDP), which in general form is the aggregate value of all goods and services produced within the national economy. GDP is widely used in the analysis of economic growth trends. Economic growth, creating conditions for it – the most important goal of economic development, both within the framework of ensuring the economic security of the entire national economy and at the level of an individual enterprise. Nowadays, economic development is characterized by an accelerated rate of scientific and technological progress: new technologies and approaches are being created that have higher efficiency. From a microeconomic point of view, the main factors of production are labor, capital and information. Fixed capital investments (buildings, structures, machinery and equipment) are a key instrument for renewing fixed assets. Investment activity is the process of renewing the capital of an enterprise as a result of modernizing its technical and technological base, which ensures its economic security. Investments, along with government spending, are key drivers of economic growth. As a result, we can confidently assert the high importance of investment activities, both throughout the country and at the level of individual economic entities, as well as their economic independence. The paper shows the ways to intensify economic growth and intensify investment activities in order to ensure the economic security of the Russian Federation

Subjective assessment of the working conditions of teachers, administrative staff and students at Russian State Social University

The relevance of the work lies in the relationship between the concepts of satisfaction with the conditions of professional activity and the subjective assessment of the working conditions of teachers, administration and teaching at the Russian State Social University (RSSU). Further behavior, mood, motivation for effective work or study depend on satisfaction with the conditions of professional activity and place of work or study. This assessment may suggest a negative flow of impressions, which could have a detrimental effect on the image of the RSSU

Implementation of a urogynecology-specific enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway

© 2018 Elsevier Inc. Objective: Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols were developed for colorectal surgery to hasten postoperative recovery. Variations of the protocol are being adopted for gynecological procedures despite limited population and procedure-specific outcome data. Our objective was to evaluate whether implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery pathway would facilitate reduced length of admission in a urogynecology population. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective analysis of patients undergoing pelvic floor reconstructive surgery by 7 female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgeons, we compared same-day discharge, length of admission and postoperative complications before and after implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery pathway at a tertiary care hospital. Groups were compared using χ2 and Student t tests. Candidate variables that could have an impact on patient outcomes with P \u3c.2 were included in multivariable logistic regression models. Satisfaction with surgical experience was assessed using a phone-administered questionnaire the day after discharge. Results: Mean age and body mass index of 258 women (137 before enhanced recovery after surgery and 121 enhanced recovery after surgery) were 65.5 ± 11.3 years and 28.2 ± 5.0 kg/m2. The most common diagnosis was pelvic organ prolapse (n = 242, 93.8%) including stage III pelvic organ prolapse (n = 61, 65.1%). Apical suspension procedures included 58 transvaginal (25.1%), 112 laparoscopic/robotic (48.8%), and 61 obliterative (26.4%). Hysterectomy was performed in 57.4% of women. Demographic and surgical procedures were similar in both groups. Compared with before enhanced recovery after surgery, the enhanced recovery after surgery group had a higher proportion of same-day discharge (25.9% vs 91.7%, P \u3c.001) and a 13.8 hour shorter duration of stay (25.9 ± 13.5 vs 12.1 ± 11.2 hours, P \u3c.001). Operative and postsurgical recovery room times were similar (2.6 ± 0.8 vs 2.6 ± 0.9 hours, P =.955; 3.7 ± 2.1 vs 3.6 ± 2.2 hours, P =.879). Women in the enhanced recovery after surgery group were more likely to be discharged using a urethral catheter (57.9% enhanced recovery after surgery vs 25.4% before enhanced recovery after surgery, P =.005). There were no group differences in total 30 day postoperative complications overall and for the following categories: urinary tract infections, emergency room visits, unanticipated office visits, and return to the operating room. However, enhanced recovery after surgery patients had higher 30 day hospital readmission rates (n = 8, 6.7% vs n = 2, 1.5%, P =.048). Patients before enhanced recovery after surgery were readmitted for myocardial infarction and chest pain. Enhanced recovery after surgery patients were admitted for weakness, chest pain, hyponatremia, wound complications, nausea/ileus, and ureteral obstruction. Three enhanced recovery after surgery patients returned to the operating room for ureteral obstruction (n = 1), incisional hernia (n = 1), and vaginal cuff bleeding (n = 1). Enhanced recovery after surgery patients also had more postoperative nursing phone notes (2.6 ± 1.7 vs 2.1 ± 1.4, P =.030). On multivariable logistic regressions adjusting for age and operative time, same-day discharge was more likely in the enhanced recovery after surgery group (odds ratio, 32.73, 95% confidence interval [15.23–70.12]), while the odds of postoperative complications and emergency room visits were no different. After adjusting for age, operative time, and type of prolapse surgery, readmission was more likely in the enhanced recovery after surgery group (odds ratio, 32.5, 95% confidence interval [1.1–28.1]). In the enhanced recovery after surgery group, patient satisfaction (n = 77 of 121) was reported as very good or excellent by 86.7% for pain control, 89.6% for surgery preparedness, and 93.5% for overall surgical experience; 89.6% did not recall any postoperative nausea during recovery. Conclusion: Enhanced recovery after surgery implementation in a urogynecology population resulted in a greater proportion of same-day discharge and high patient satisfaction but with slightly increased hospital readmissions within 30 days