Equity and Achievement in the Chilean School Choice Experience

The aim of this paper is to analyze, using a hierarchical linear model, the degree to which a system of choice, as the one implemented in Chile since the beginning of the 80’s, can promote student achievement and equity in the social distribution of achievement. Using data from a standardized achievement test including 226,860 4tth degree students and 4,949 schools, we investigate the association between students’ SES and achievement, within and between schools. We also investigate up to what extent different categories of schools enjoy advantages in educating low-income students. These are important issues because unlike the limited vouchers programs in the US, Chile has had a nationwide school choice program for more than 20 yearseducation vouchers, achievement, equity,

Evaluación del Desempeño e Incentivos en la Educación Chilena

This paper emphasizes the importance of assessment and incentive systems in education. In particular, it analyzes the design and implementation of the National System of Performance Assessment applied in Chile since 1996. In the first place, we discuss thIncentive systems in education, performance assessment

El Financiamiento del Sistema Educacional del Perú: elementos para el diseño de una fórmula per cápita en un contexto descentralizado

El objetivo del presente estudio es proponer el diseño de un nuevo sistema para financiar la educación pública en el Perú, cuyo enfoque central sea el suministro de recursos basado en la población atendida y con criterios compensatorios, dependiendo de las características de las instituciones educativas y las características de los alumnos, en un contexto de descentralización administrativa y orientado a los resultados del proceso educacional. Los objetivos específicos buscan dar respuesta a las siguientes preguntas centrales: ¿Cómo utilizar una fórmula per cápita para financiar la educación en forma eficiente, efectiva y equitativa, en un contexto de descentralización y con un enfoque basado en resultados? ¿Cuáles son las actuales restricciones en los sistemas de financiamiento a la educación? ¿Cómo calcular las asignaciones presupuestarias en cada nivel de la cadena de gestión: desde el colegio al gobierno local, al gobierno regional y al Ministerio de Educación? ¿Qué tipo de fórmula funcionaría mejor en el contexto peruano? El estudio toma en cuenta un conjunto de dificultades que enfrenta el actual sistema de financiamiento, en un contexto de descentralización parcial o incipiente del sistema educacional en el Perú, donde la orientación de asignar recursos presupuestarios asociados a logros o resultados esperados es también un proceso reciente. Recoge, además, las percepciones y preocupaciones de los diversos actores, tanto autoridades del Ministerio de Educación y Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas, como de expertos en temas de administración regional de la educación y expertos locales en los ámbitos de educación y finanzas, sobre los elementos que deben ser considerados en una propuesta para la incorporación de una fórmula de financiamiento compensatoria por alumno, que contribuya a movilizar el sistema educacional en pos de los objetivos de calidad y equidad educativa. Así, sobre la base de la revisión de la literatura, experiencias, lecciones internacionales y del análisis de las características y necesidades especiales del caso peruano, se plantean los lineamientos para una propuesta de financiamiento de la educación sostenida en un mecanismo de asignación per cápita en un contexto descentralizado y con un enfoque de orientación a resultados

Free trade agreements and female labour: the Chilean situation

Includes bibliograph

Financiamiento de la Salud en la Tercera Edad en el Sistema Isapre

The object of this paper is to determine whether the elderly will be able to finance their contributions to the private health insurance system ISAPRE, and to provide policy recommendations if financing problems are found. We examine medical costs per af

Beyond Heckscher-Ohlin: Trade and labour market interaction in a case study for Chile

Comercio, Mercado de trabajo, Chile

análisis comparado de las experiencias de Chile y Uruguay

El documento pretende examinar la evolución comparada de las políticas educacionales de Chile y Uruguay relacionadas con remuneraciones de los docentes, incentivos económicos y su potencial influencia sobre los resultados del proceso educativo. Se describen los procesos de la reforma educativa en ambos países. Se examinan los sistemas de gestión educativa e incentivoslaborales, considerando indicadores de gasto y el marco normativo de la actividad docente y realizando una comparación con otras profesione

Presence of vascular endothelial growth factor during the first half of IVM improves the meiotic and developmental competence of porcine oocytes from small follicles

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the meiotic and developmental competence of porcine oocytes from small follicles (SF; 0.5-3mm diameter). When cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) from medium-sized follicles (MF; 3-6mm diameter) and SF were cultured for IVM, the maturation rates were significantly higher for oocytes from MF than SF. Concentrations of VEGF in the medium were significantly higher for COCs cultured from MF than SF. When COCs from SF were exposed to 200ngmL-1 VEGF during the first 20h of IVM, the maturation rate improved significantly and was similar to that of oocytes derived from MF. The fertilisability of oocytes was also significantly higher than that of VEGF-free SF controls. Following parthenogenetic activation, the blastocyst formation rate improved significantly when SF COC culture was supplemented with 200ngmL-1 VEGF, with the rate similar to that of oocytes from MF. The results of the present study indicate that VEGF markedly improves the meiotic and developmental competence of oocytes derived from SF, especially at a concentration of 200ngmL-1 during the first 20h of IVM

Association of time of breakfast and nighttime fasting duration with breast cancer risk in the multicase-control study in Spain

Circadian nutritional behaviors, defined by the daily eating/fasting cycle, have been linked with breast cancer. This study aimed to further disentangle the association of nighttime fasting duration and time of breakfast with breast cancer risk. We analyzed data from 1,181 breast cancer cases and 1,326 population controls from the Spanish multicase-control study (MCC-Spain), 2008-2013. We collected circadian nutritional behaviors at mid-age via a telephonic interview. We applied logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of nighttime fasting duration and time of breakfast with breast cancer risk in all women and stratified by menopausal status. Models were adjusted for age, center, education, family history of breast cancer, age at menarche, number of children, breastfeeding, age at first child, body mass index (BMI), contraceptive use, and hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). A later time of breakfast was associated with a non-significant increased risk of breast cancer (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.95-1.16, per hour increase). This association was stronger among premenopausal women, among whom each hour later, the time of breakfast was associated with an 18% increase in breast cancer risk (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01-1.40). The association was not observed in postmenopausal women. We did not observe an association between nighttime fasting duration and breast cancer risk after adjusting for the time of breakfast. In this study, late breakfast was associated with increased breast cancer risk, especially among premenopausal women, compared with early breakfast. Aside from nutritional quality, circadian nutritional behaviors should be further studied in relation to cancer