103 research outputs found

    Memória e espaços em disputa em San Carlos de Bariloche: o caso do monumento ao Gen. Roca no Centro Cívico

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    The article deals with the controversy involving two groups of conflicting memories that have emerged between the 1990s and the present in Argentina, concerning a key historical fact in the origins of the National State in the XIX Century: the so-called "Conquest of the Desert" (1878-1885), and its main commander, the general Julio Argentino Roca (1843-1914). These polemics were triggered by some monuments built on Roca's honor on distinguished cities of Argentina, including San Carlos de Bariloche, located in Patagonia. Part of local people, claims that the monument doesn't honor a glorious past, but a genocide in which the Mapuche people, that first lived on those lands, were persecuted and killed. Here, it will be exposed how such monument became the main target of a symbolic dispute that reveals its contents and origins, on a deep process of fight over land, territorial autonomy, better conditions of life, identity recognition and, finally, the consolidation of new spaces for social and political representation of the Argentinian nativeO artigo aborda a polêmica surgida entre a década de 1990 e a atual em torno de dois grupos de memórias contrapostas sobre um dos acontecimentos históricos-chave da formação do Estado Nacional argentino no século XIX, a denominada "Conquista do Deserto" (1878-1885), e seu principal comandante, o Gen. Julio Argentino Roca (1843-1914). Tal polêmica tem como principal disparador uma série de monumentos em homenagem a Roca presentes nos espaços públicos de diversas cidades da Argentina, dentre as quais, San Carlos de Bariloche, na Patagônia, onde parte da população local alega que a estátua alude não a um passado glorioso, mas ao massacre genocida que teve por alvo principalmente o povo indígena Mapuche que habitava originalmente aquela região. Aqui será exposto como tal monumento tornou-se objeto de uma disputa simbólica que revela, em seu conteúdo e origens, a emergência no espaço urbano de demandas específicas por terra, por autonomia territorial, por condições dignas de vida, reconhecimento identitário e, por fim, pela consolidação de novos espaços de representação social e política para os indígenas argentino

    Análise crítica da orientação de cidadãos como método para otimizar decisões públicas por meio da técnica nudge.

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    Este artigo objetiva refletir sobre a viabilidade de aplicação da Teoria Nudge de Thaler e Sunstein em processos decisórios públicos envolvendo Estado e cidadãos. A formulação de agenda e outras etapas das políticas públicas devem ser abertas à participação popular de acordo com a Constituição da República de 1988, que agora completa 30 anos de vigência. Este é o modelo democrático assumido pelo Estado brasileiro quando de sua redemocratização após longo período de ditadura militar. No entanto, como outrora alertou Tocqueville, democracias diretas em países com grandes populações são muito complexas. Considerando este desafio, é preciso refletir sobre metodologias de participação política que permitam organizar e otimizar as decisões públicas envolvendo cidadãos, motivo pelo qual se analisa a efetivação desta atuação da Sociedade civil por meio da aplicação da Teoria Nudge. Por meio da metodologia jurídico-compreensiva, aliada à perspectiva sociopolítica e constitucional da democracia brasileira, descreveu-se como o nudge poderia ser potencialmente aplicado, in casu, em audiências públicas

    TURBULENCE: AN IMPORTANT FACTOR FOR FLIGHT OPERATIONS AT ANTARTIC STATION COM. FERRAZ

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    Abstract: This study presents the case of an extreme wind gust event that occurred between the 18 th and 19 th of January of 2002, in the Brazilian Antarctic Station (EACF) area, where the near-ground air turbulence hindered a helicopter from landing for more than 10 hours, even under favorable general synoptic conditions. The EACF (62°05'S; 58°23,5'W) is located on the Keller Peninsula (3.8 km long, 2.2 km wide), which is a ridge of elevations between 250 e 360 m msl protruding into Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. Turbulence was estimated using the wind gust factor and wind turbulence definitions that are normally applied in engineering studies of applied meteorology

    Serum markers of oxidative stress in infertile women with endometriosis

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    OBJETIVO: comparar marcadores séricos de estresse oxidativo entre pacientes inférteis com e sem endometriose e avaliar a associação destes marcadores com o estadiamento da doença. MÉTODOS: estudo prospectivo envolvendo a inclusão consecutiva de 112 pacientes inférteis, não-obesas, com idade inferior a 39 anos, divididas em dois grupos: Endometriose (n=48, sendo 26 com endometriose mínima e leve - Estádio I/II e 22 com endometriose moderada e grave - Estádio III/IV) e Controle (n=64, com fator tubário e/ou masculino de infertilidade). Durante a fase folicular precoce do ciclo menstrual, foram coletadas amostras sanguíneas para análise dos níveis séricos de malondialdeído, glutationa e níveis totais de hidroperóxidos, por espectrofotometria e vitamina E, por cromatografia líquida de alto desempenho. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados da seguinte forma: os grupos endometriose versus controle; endometriose estádio I/II e controle, endometriose estádio III/IV e controle e entre os dois subgrupos de endometriose. Em todas as análises, foi considerado o nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: os níveis de vitamina E e glutationa foram mais baixos no soro de mulheres inférteis com endometriose moderada/grave (21,7±6,0 µMol/L e 159,6±77,2 nMol/g proteína, respectivamente) quando comparadas a mulheres com endometriose mínima e leve (28,3±14,4 µMol/L e 199,6±56,1 nMol/g proteína, respectivamente). Os níveis totais de hidroperóxidos foram significativamente mais elevados no grupo endometriose (8,9±1,8 µMol/g proteína) em relação ao Grupo Controle (8,0±2 µMol/g proteína) e nas portadoras de doença III/IV (9,7±2,3 µMol/g proteína) em relação à I/II (8,2±1,0 µMol/g proteína). Não se observou diferença significativa nos níveis séricos de malondialdeído entre os diversos grupos. CONCLUSÕES: foi evidenciada uma associação positiva entre infertilidade relacionada à endometriose, avanço do estadiamento da doença e aumento dos níveis séricos de hidroperóxidos, sugerindo aumento da produção de espécies reativas em portadoras de endometriose. Esses dados, associados à redução dos níveis séricos de vitamina E e glutationa, sugerem a ocorrência de estresse oxidativo sistêmico em portadoras de infertilidade associada à endometriose.PURPOSE: to compare serum markers of oxidative stress between infertile patients with and without endometriosis and to assess the association of these markers with disease staging. METHODS: this was a prospective study conducted on 112 consecutive infertile, non-obese patients younger than 39 years, divided into two groups: Endometriosis (n=48, 26 with minimal and mild endometriosis - Stage I/II, and 22 with moderate and severe endometriosis - Stage III/IV) and Control (n=64, with tubal and/or male factor infertility). Blood samples were collected during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle for the analysis of serum malondialdehyde, glutathione and total hydroxyperoxide levels by spectrophotometry and of vitamin E by high performance liquid chromatography. The results were compared between the endometriosis and control groups, stage I/II endometriosis and control, stage III/IV endometriosis and control, and between the two endometriosis subgroups. The level of significance was set at 5% (p<0.05) in all analyses. RESULTS: vitamin E and glutathione levels were lower in the serum of infertile women with moderate/severe endometriosis (21.7±6.0 mMol/L and 159.6±77.2 nMol/g protein, respectively) compared to women with minimal and mild endometriosis (28.3±14.4 mMol/L and 199.6±56.1 nMol/g protein, respectively). Total hydroxyperoxide levels were significantly higher in the endometriosis group (8.9±1.8 µMol/g protein) than in the Control Group (8.0±2 µMol/g protein) and among patients with stage III/IV disease (9.7±2.3 µMol/g protein) compared to patients with stage I/II disease (8.2±1.0 µMol/g protein). No significant differences in serum malondialdehyde levels were observed between groups. CONCLUSIONS: we demonstrated a positive association between infertility related to endometriosis, advanced disease stage and increased serum hydroxyperoxide levels, suggesting an increased production of reactive species in women with endometriosis. These data, taken together with the reduction of serum vitamin E and glutathione levels, suggest the occurrence of systemic oxidative stress in women with infertility associated with endometriosis. The reproductive and metabolic implications of oxidative stress should be assessed in future studies

    AGRUPAMENTO DE FAMÍLIAS DE MEIO-IRMÃOS DE Pinus taeda BASEADO EM CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICAS E MECÂNICAS DA MADEIRA

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    Este trabalho teve como objetivo agrupar famílias de um teste de progênies de Pinus taeda L. com base nas propriedades físicas e mecânicas da madeira, para inclusão dessas características qualitativas da madeira em um programa de melhoramento genético. As variáveis analisadas foram: massa específica básica e aparente, coeficientes de contração máxima volumétrica e linear tangencial, radial e longitudinal, anisotropia de contração e coeficientes de retratibilidade volumétrico, tangencial e radial, MOE, MOR e tensão de cisalhamento. As árvores avaliadas pertenciam a um teste de progênies instalado em blocos casualizados com cinco repetições, 120 famílias. Dentre as cinco plantas por parcela foi amostrada uma. Foram coletados os discos base, 25%, 50%, 75% e 100% da altura, para determinação da massa específica básica. A primeira e segunda toras foram utilizadas na preparação de amostras para as demais análises físicas e mecânicas. Na análise do experimento, foi utilizada a análise de componentes principais e de agrupamento. A análise de componentes principais permitiu destacar seis autovalores, explicando 82,51% da variância total das observações, e a análise de agrupamento possibilitou o agrupamento das 120 famílias em seis grupos, os quais apresentam distintas características de qualidade da madeira relacionadas à produção para diferentes finalidades.This research aimed to gather families of a Pinus taeda L. progeny test based on physical and mechanical properties of wood, in order to include these wood characteristics in a breeding program. The variables focused were: specific gravity and apparent maximum volumetric shrinkage coefficients and linear tangential, radial and longitudinal shrinkage anisotropy coefficients and volumetric shrinkage, the tangential and radial MOE and MOR and shear stress. Trees evaluated were sampled (one plant per plot) in a progeny test planted in randomized blocks with 120 families, five replicates, and five plants per linear plot. After measuring the DBH on standing trees the discs were collected to evaluate the specific gravity, on the following positions: base, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the commercial height. The first and second logs were used for sample preparation for other physical and mechanical analysis. The principal component analysis allowed to highlight six eigenvalues which explained 82.51% of the total observations variance, and cluster analysis allowed 120 families gathering in six groups, which have different quality characteristics related to production of wood for different purposes

    Prediction of total acid number in distillation cuts of crude oil by ESI(-) FT-ICR MS coupled with chemometric tools

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    FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESCompetitive adaptive reweighted sampling-partial least squares (CARS-PLS) and negative-ion mode electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI(-) FT-ICR MS) data were adopted to assess the total acid number (TAN)28918221829FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESSEM INFORMAÇÃOSEM INFORMAÇÃOSEM INFORMAÇÃOThis research was generously funded by PETROBRAS/CENPES, FAPESP, CNPq, CAPES, and FINE

    Coccidioidomycosis: first cases reported in Pernambuco, Brazil

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    Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection caused by Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii. These fungi are known to thrive in desert climate. Fungi produce infectious arthroconidia in soil, they are aerosolized in the air and when inhaled by humans, usually cause infections such as pneumonia. The first cases of coccidioidomycosis in Brazil were reported in 1978. Since then, there have been other reports mainly from desert regions of Northeastern Brazil. The present report describes three cases of coccidioidomycosis on male farmers from Serra Talhada county, Pernambuco State, who developed pneumonia and were subsequently diagnosed with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. These three farmers were successfully treated with oral fluconazole. They reported having hunted armadillos in a rural and arid area of Pernambuco State. Armadillos are known to be carriers of Coccidioides. This is the first report of infection caused by Coccidioides in Pernambuco State, Brazil

    Diversidade genética de acessos cultivados e espécies silvestres de seringueira por meio de marcadores EST‑SSR

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    O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de marcadores EST‑SSR na determinação da diversidade genética de genótipos de seringueira e verificar a transferibilidade destes marcadores para espécies silvestres de Hevea. Foram utilizados 45 acessos de seringueira (H. brasiliensis) do Instituto Agronômico e seis espécies silvestres. As informações fornecidas pela distância genética de Roger modificada foram usadas para analisar os dados de EST‑SSR. O agrupamento UPGMA dividiu as amostras em dois grandes grupos com alta diferenciação genética, enquanto o programa Structure distribuiu os 51 clones em oito grupos. Foi possível traçar um paralelo entre ambos os métodos de agrupamento. Os 30 EST‑SSRs polimórficos mostraram de dois a dez alelos e foram eficientes em amplificar as seis espécies silvestres. Microssatélites funcionais EST‑SSR são eficientes na avaliação da diversidade genética entre clones de seringueira e podem ser usados para traduzir diferenças genéticas entre cultivares e para gerar perfis genéticos de materiais próximos. Os acessos do Instituto Agronômico apresentam elevada diversidade genética. Os marcadores EST‑SSR, desenvolvidos para Hevea brasilensis, apresentam transferabilidade e são capazes de amplificar outras espécies de Hevea.The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of EST‑SSR markers in the assessment of the genetic diversity of rubber tree genotypes (Hevea brasiliensis) and to verify the transferability of these markers for wild species of Hevea. Forty‑five rubber tree accessions from the Instituto Agronômico (Campinas, SP, Brazil) and six wild species were used. Information provided by modified Roger’s genetic distance were used to analyze EST‑SSR data. UPGMA clustering divided the samples into two major groups with high genetic differentiation, while the software Structure distributed the 51 clones into eight groups. A parallel could be established between both clustering analyses. The 30 polymorphic EST‑SSRs showed from two to ten alleles and were efficient in amplifying the six wild species. Functional EST‑SSR microsatellites are efficient in evaluating the genetic diversity among rubber tree clones and can be used to translate the genetic differences among cultivars and to fingerprint closely related materials. The accessions from the Instituto Agronômico show high genetic diversity. The EST‑SSR markers, developed from Hevea brasiliensis, show transferability and are able to amplify other species of Hevea

    The anti-Parkinsonian drug selegiline delays the nucleation phase of α-synuclein aggregation leading to the formation of nontoxic species

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    Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the formation of intraneuronal inclusions called Lewy bodies, which are composed mainly of α-synuclein (α-syn). Selegiline (Sel) is a noncompetitive monoamino oxidase B inhibitor that has neuroprotective effects and has been administered to PD patients as monotherapy or in combination with l-dopa. Besides its known effect of increasing the level of dopamine (DA) by monoamino oxidase B inhibition, Sel induces other effects that contribute to its action against PD. We evaluated the effects of Sel on the in vitro aggregation of A30P and wild-type α-syn. Sel delays fibril formation by extending the lag phase of aggregation. In the presence of Sel, electron microscopy reveals amorphous heterogeneous aggregates, including large annular species, which are innocuous to a primary culture enriched in dopaminergic neurons, while their age-matched counterparts are toxic. The inhibitory effect displayed by Sel is abolished when seeds (small fibril pieces) are added to the aggregation reaction, reinforcing the hypothesis that Sel interferes with early nuclei formation and, to a lesser extent, with fibril elongation. NMR experiments indicate that Sel does not interact with monomeric α-syn. Interestingly, when added in combination with DA (which favors the formation of toxic protofibrils), Sel overrides the inhibitory effect of DA and favors fibrillation. Additionally, Sel blocks the formation of smaller toxic aggregates by perturbing DA-dependent fibril disaggregation. These effects might be beneficial for PD patients, since the sequestration of protofibrils into fibrils or the inhibition of fibril dissociation could alleviate the toxic effects of protofibrils on dopaminergic neurons. In nondopaminergic neurons, Sel might slow the fibrillation, giving rise to the formation of large nontoxic aggregates

    Dopamine affects the stability, hydration, and packing of protofibrils and fibrils of the wild type and variants of alpha-synuclein

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    Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions composed of alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) in dopaminergic neurons. This suggests a pivotal role of dopamine (DA) on PD development. Here, we show that DA modulates differently the stability of protofibrils (PF) and fibrils (F) composed of wild type or variants of alpha-syn (A30P and A53T) as probed by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP). While in the absence of DA, all alpha-syn PF exhibited identical stability, in its presence, the variant-composed PF acquired a greater stability (DAPFwt < DAPFA30P = DAPFA53T), implying that they would last longer, which could shed light onto why these mutations are so aggressive. When alpha-syn was incubated for long times (18 days) in the presence of DA, we observed the formation of F by electronic microscopy, suggesting that the PF trapped in the presence of DA in short times can evolve into F. The stability of F was also altered by DA. DAFwt was more labile than Fwt, indicating that the former would be more susceptible to breakage. PFA30P and DAPFA30P, when added to mesencephalic and cortical neurons in culture, decreased the number and length of neurites and increased the number of apoptotic cells. Surprisingly, these toxic effects of PFA30P and DAPFA30P were practically abolished with HHP treatment, which was able to break the PF into smaller aggregates, as seen by atomic force microscopy. These results suggest that strategies aimed at breaking and/or clearing these aggregates is promising in alleviating the symptoms of PD
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