Estudio químico y de potencial antimicrobiano del estípite de shiitake (Lentinula edodes) y su factibilidad de empleo como ingrediente nutraceútico en la preparación de alimento aviar

La fracción lipídica del estípite de Shiitake fue analizada por Cromatografía de Gases acoplada a espectrometría de Masas encontrándose que está constituida por ésteres metílicos y etílicos de ácidos grasos saturados e insaturados, siendo el mayoritario de ellos el ácido linoléico (25.52%), ácido palmítico(10.08%). En cuanto a los compuestos de carácter triterpenoide estos corresponden estructuralmente al núcleo ergostánico, dentro de los cuales se encuentran esteroles, epóxiesteroles y cetoesteroides, siendo el mayoritario el ergosta-5,7,22–trien-β-ol (ergosterol) con un 39,52%, seguido del Ergosta- 7-en-3β-ol (8.21%), el Ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol (3.29%) y el Ergosta-5,7,9(11),22-tetraen- 3β-ol (1.39%). Así mismo, se encuentra presente un triterpeno (Ergosta-2,5,7,9(11),22- pentaeno) en una proporción del 1.91%. La determinación de la actividad antibacteriana mostró que todos los esteroles, junto con el acido linoléíco exhiben actividad antimicrobiana frente a S. enteritidis, Ps. aeruginosa, S. aureus, S. enteriditis y E. coli., indicando que son estos compuestos los responsables de la actividad antimicrobiana previamente reportada para el extracto clorofórmico del estípite de Shiitake. / Abstract. When we analyzed the lipid fraction the Shiitake stipe by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, we found that it was composed of methyl and ethyl esters of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, of which the largest part were linoleic acid (25.52%), palmitic acid (10.08%). Triterpenoid compounds have ergostane cores placing them structurally in the larger group of molecules which includes sterols, epoxysterols and ketosteroids. The largest part are ergosta-5,7,22-trien-β-ol (ergosterol) with 39. 52%, followed by ergosta-7-en-3β-ol (8.21%), ergosta-7 ,22-dien-3β-ol (3.29%), and ergosta-5, 7,9 (11), 22 -tetraen-3β-ol (1.39%). 1.91% of a triterpene - ergosta-2,5,7,9(11),22- pentaene - is also present. Testing to determine antimicrobial activity showed that all sterols together with linoleic acid exhibit antibacterial activity against S. enteritidis, Ps. aeruginosa, S. aureus, S. enteritidis and E. coli. This indicates that these compounds are responsible for the antibacterial activity previously reported for the chloroform extract of Shiitake stipe.Maestrí

Analysis of correlation of pre-therapeutic assessment and the final diagnosis in endometrial cancer: role of tumor volume in the magnetic resonance imaging

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether the introduction of tumor volume as new parameter in the MRI assessment could improve both concordance between preoperative and postoperative staging, and the identification of histological findings.MethodsA retrospective observational study with 127 patients with endometrial cancer (EC) identified between 2016 and 2021 at the Juan Ramon Jimenez University Hospital, Huelva (Spain) was carried out. Tumor volume was measured in three ways. Analyses of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC) were performed.ResultsAlthough preoperative MRI had an 89.6% and 66.7% sensitivity for the detection of deep mucosal invasion and cervical stroma infiltration, preoperative assessment had an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.517, underestimating tumor final stage in 12.6% of cases, with a poor agreement between preoperative MRI and postoperative staging (κ=0.082) and low sensitivity (14.3%) for serosa infiltration. The cut-off values for all three volume parameters had good/excellent AUC (0.73-0.85), with high sensitivity (70-83%) and specificity (64-84%) values for all histopathological variables. Excellent/good agreement was found all volume parameters for the identification of deep myometrial invasion (0.71), cervical stroma infiltration (0.80), serosa infiltration (0.81), and lymph node metastases (0.81).ConclusionTumor volume measurements have good predictive capacity to detect histopathological findings that affect final tumor staging and might play a crucial role in the preoperative assessment of patients with endometrial cancer in the future

Circulating microRNA expression profile in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

BACKGROUND: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a highly diverse disease characterized by cytogenetic and molecularabnormalities, including altered microRNA (miRNA) expression signatures. AIM: We perform and validate a plasma miRNA expression profiling to identify potential miRNA involved in leukemogenesis METHODS: MiRNA expression profiling assay was realized in 39 B-ALL and 7 normal control plasma samples using TaqMan Low Density Array (TLDA) plates on Applied Biosystems 7900 HT Fast Real-Time PCR System. MiRNA validation was done for six miRNA differentially expressed by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS: Seventy-seven circulating miRNA differentially expressed: hsa-miR-511, -222, and -34a were overexpressed, whereas hsa-miR-199a-3p, -223, -221, and -26a were underexpressed (p values < 0.005 for both sets). According to operating characteristic curve analysis, hsa-miR-511 was the most valuable biomarker for distinguishing B-ALL from normal controls,with an area under curve value of 1 and 100% for sensitivity, and specificity respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Measuring circulating levels of specific miRNA implicated in regulation of cell differentiation and/or cell proliferation such as hsa-miRNA-511, offers high sensitivity and specificity in B-ALL detection and may be potentially useful for detection of disease progression, as indicator of therapeutic response, and in the assessment of biological and/or therapeutic targets for patients with B-ALL

Level of discomfort in critically ill paediatric patients and its correlation with sociodemographic and clinical variables, analgosedation and withdrawal syndrome. COSAIP multicentre study (Phase 2)

Introduction: There are clinical and sociodemographic factors that have an impact on the comfort of the critically ill paediatric patient. The main aim of this study was to determine the level of discomfort of paediatric patients admitted to different national hospitals, and to analyse its correlation with sociodemographic and clinical variables, analgosedation, and withdrawal syndrome. Methods: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional, and multicentre study was conducted in five Spanish hospitals. The level of analgosedation was assessed once per shift over a 24 h period, using a BIS sensor, and pain with scales adapted to paediatric age population. The intensity of withdrawal syndrome was determined using the Withdrawal Assessment Tool (WAT-1) scale once per shift for 3 days. Discomfort level was simultaneous assessed using COMFORT Behaviour Scale-Spanish version (CBS-S). Results: A total of 261 critically ill paediatric patients with median age of 1.61 years (IQR = 0.35-6.55) were included. An overall discomfort score of 10.79 ± 3.7 was observed during morning compared to 10.31 ± 3.3 observed during the night. When comparing analgosedation and non-analgosedation groups, statistically differences were found in both shifts (χ2: 45.48; P =.001). At the same time, an association was observed (P <.001) between low discomfort scores and development of withdrawal syndrome development assessed with WAT-1. Conclusions: As there is a percentage of the studied population with discomfort, specific protocols need to be developed, guided by valuated and clinically tested tools, like the COMFORT Behaviour Scale-Spanish version.Introducción: Existen factores clínicos o sociodemográficos que pueden tener un impacto en el confort del paciente crítico pediátrico. El objetivo principal fue determinar el grado de disconfort de los pacientes pediátricos ingresados en las UCIP de diversos hospitales nacionales y analizar su relación con variables ocio demográficas y clínicas, sedoanalgesia y síndrome de abstinencia. Métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico, transversal y multicéntrico en 5 hospitalesespañoles. Se valoró el grado de analgosedación mediante el sensor BIS y las escalas de dolora daptadas a la edad pediátrica, una vez por turno durante 24 h. El grado de abstinencia se determinó con la escala Withdrawal Assessment Tool (WAT-1), una vez por turno durante 3 días consecutivos. Además, se valoró simultáneamente el grado de disconfort mediante la COMFORTBehavior Scale-versión española (CBS-ES).Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 261 pacientes críticos pediátricos con una mediana de edad de 1,61 años (RIQ = 0,35-6,55). Se objetivaron puntuaciones globales de disconfort de10,79 ± 3,7 en el turno de mañana versus 10,31 ± 3,3 en el de noche. Se observó asociación estadística al comparar al grupo de pacientes analgosedados con el grupo de no analgosedadosen ambos turnos ( 2: 45,48; p = 0,001). A la vez, también se observó una relación estadística-mente significativa (p < 0,001) entre puntuaciones bajas de disconfort y menor desarrollo desíndrome de abstinencia

Effectiveness of a strategy that uses educational games to implement clinical practice guidelines among Spanish residents of family and community medicine (e-EDUCAGUIA project):A clinical trial by clusters

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias FIS Grant Number PI11/0477 ISCIII.-REDISSEC Proyecto RD12/0001/0012 AND FEDER Funding.Background: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have been developed with the aim of helping health professionals, patients, and caregivers make decisions about their health care, using the best available evidence. In many cases, incorporation of these recommendations into clinical practice also implies a need for changes in routine clinical practice. Using educational games as a strategy for implementing recommendations among health professionals has been demonstrated to be effective in some studies; however, evidence is still scarce. The primary objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a teaching strategy for the implementation of CPGs using educational games (e-learning EDUCAGUIA) to improve knowledge and skills related to clinical decision-making by residents in family medicine. The primary objective will be evaluated at 1 and 6months after the intervention. The secondary objectives are to identify barriers and facilitators for the use of guidelines by residents of family medicine and to describe the educational strategies used by Spanish teaching units of family and community medicine to encourage implementation of CPGs. Methods/design: We propose a multicenter clinical trial with randomized allocation by clusters of family and community medicine teaching units in Spain. The sample size will be 394 residents (197 in each group), with the teaching units as the randomization unit and the residents comprising the analysis unit. For the intervention, both groups will receive an initial 1-h session on clinical practice guideline use and the usual dissemination strategy by e-mail. The intervention group (e-learning EDUCAGUIA) strategy will consist of educational games with hypothetical clinical scenarios in a virtual environment. The primary outcome will be the score obtained by the residents on evaluation questionnaires for each clinical practice guideline. Other included variables will be the sociodemographic and training variables of the residents and the teaching unit characteristics. The statistical analysis will consist of a descriptive analysis of variables and a baseline comparison of both groups. For the primary outcome analysis, an average score comparison of hypothetical scenario questionnaires between the EDUCAGUIA intervention group and the control group will be performed at 1 and 6months post-intervention, using 95% confidence intervals. A linear multilevel regression will be used to adjust the model. Discussion: The identification of effective teaching strategies will facilitate the incorporation of available knowledge into clinical practice that could eventually improve patient outcomes. The inclusion of information technologies as teaching tools permits greater learning autonomy and allows deeper instructor participation in the monitoring and supervision of residents. The long-term impact of this strategy is unknown; however, because it is aimed at professionals undergoing training and it addresses prevalent health problems, a small effect can be of great relevance. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02210442.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Redes digitales y comunicación: historia de las plataformas y nuevos vínculos sociales

[es] La sociedad actual se encuentra inmersa en un momento de continua mutación y cambios en el entramado social, cultural, político, económico y educacional. Los perfiles profesionales de los egresados en el campo de la comunicación también experimentan estos cambios tanto en su formación como en la manera que se produce conocimiento. Las redes sociales ocupan en la actualidad un protagonismo central en las formas de comunicarse de los sujetos. Son plataformas digitales que posibilitan a todos los que dispongan de una cuenta digital establecer diferentes tipos de vínculos, sean estos profesionales, educativos o afectivos entre otros. Este libro, es producto de las reflexiones e interrogantes que surgieron en el marco del dictado de la materia“Convergencia Tecnológica. Redes digitales y las transformaciones socio-culturales en la sociedad actual”en el año 2012. Las clases se imparten para alumnos de 4° y 5° año de la Licenciatura en Comunicación Social de la Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario

Functionally relevant proteins in Plasmodium falciparum host cell invasion

A totally effective, antimalarial vaccine must involve sporozoite and merozoite proteins (or their fragments) to ensure complete parasite blocking during critical invasion stages. This Special Report examines proteins involved in critical biological functions for parasite survival and highlights the conserved amino acid sequences of the most important proteins involved in sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes and merozoite invasion of red blood cells. Conserved high activity binding peptides are located in such proteins' functionally strategic sites, whose functions are related to receptor binding, nutrient and protein transport, enzyme activity and molecule-molecule interactions. They are thus excellent targets for vaccine development as they block proteins binding function involved in invasion and also their biological function

Critical role of HLA-DRb* binding peptides' peripheralflankingresidues in fully-protective malaria vaccine development

A vaccine candidate component must fit perfectly into the antigen presenting HLA-DRβ* molecule's groove (or canonical nonapeptide) peptide binding region (PBR) during antigen presentation to the T-cell receptor (TCR), conforming a specific and stable macromolecular complex and induce an appropriate immune response. Antigen's peripheral flanking residues (PFR, positions (p) -p2 and p10) must thus establish strong interactions with the HLA-DRβ* - TCR complex. These amino acids (aa) have specific physico-chemical characteristics enabling differentiation between non-protective but antibody-inducer (NPAI), short-lived protection inducer (SLPI) and long-lasting protection inducer (LLPI) peptides when used as an antimalarial vaccine component. Their identification (through 1H-NMR and Aotus monkey immunization) and proper modification contributes to a logical and rational methodology for long-lasting and protective immunological memory

Tumor neuroectodérmico primitivo primario de páncreas en un paciente pediátrico. Reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura

Los tumores neuroectodérmicos primitivos son tumores de células pequeñas y redondas derivadas del tejido blando, pertenecen a la familia del sarcoma de Ewing. El tumor neuroectodérmico primario del páncreas es muy poco frecuente, en la literatura sólo se han reportado 17 casos. Reportamos el caso de una paciente de 9 años de edad, con diagnóstico de tumor neuroectodérmico primario del páncreas a la que se le realizó una cirugía de Whipple e inició tratamiento de quimioterapia con ciclofosfamida, vincristina, doxorrubicina pegilada, etopósido e ifosfamida y radioterapia. Desde marzo de 2013 la paciente se encuentra en vigilancia, con un periodo de seguimiento de 23 meses. Actualmente, se encuentra en buenas condiciones generales y sin evidencia de actividad tumoral

The Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC) State, a Poorly Explored Aspect of Beneficial Bacteria

Many bacteria have the ability to survive in challenging environments; however, they cannot all grow on standard culture media, a phenomenon known as the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. Bacteria commonly enter the VBNC state under nutrient-poor environments or under stressful conditions. This review explores the concept of the VBNC state, providing insights into the beneficial bacteria known to employ this strategy. The investigation covers different chemical and physical factors that can induce the latency state, cell features, and gene expression observed in cells in the VBNC state. The review also covers the significance and applications of beneficial bacteria, methods of evaluating bacterial viability, the ability of bacteria to persist in environments associated with higher organisms, and the factors that facilitate the return to the culturable state. Knowledge about beneficial bacteria capable of entering the VBNC state remains limited; however, beneficial bacteria in this state could face adverse environmental conditions and return to a culturable state when the conditions become suitable and continue to exert their beneficial effects. Likewise, this unique feature positions them as potential candidates for healthcare applications, such as the use of probiotic bacteria to enhance human health, applications in industrial microbiology for the production of prebiotics and functional foods, and in the beer and wine industry. Moreover, their use in formulations to increase crop yields and for bacterial bioremediation offers an alternative pathway to harness their beneficial attributes