Measuring the impact of multiple discrimination on depression in Europe

Background: The study of the health effects of perceived discrimination based on ethnic and social traits has a long-standing and widespread tradition in epidemiological research, but less attention has been paid to the study of multiple discrimination, particularly its effects on mental health. The present work aims to analyse the association between multiple discrimination and depressive symptoms in Europe, and the impact of contextual socioeconomic circumstances on this relationship. Methods: In this study, data from the 7th Round of the European Social Survey was used. Given that the outcome variable, CES-D8, is a depression scale from 0 to 24 possible values and the hierarchical organisation of individuals (level-1 units) clustered within countries (level-2 units), a linear multilevel model was carried out. Results: Our findings suggest that multiple discrimination increases our risk of suffering depressive disorder, but in addition this work provides an important step forward to explain and understand how the relationship between multiple discrimination and depression might vary depending the socioeconomic context. In particular, we can observe that differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms along multiple discrimination levels decrease as GDP per capita increases among European countries. Conclusion: This study is relevant since provides new evidence on how the association between multiple discrimination and depression operates at the micro and macro-level context, which is fundamental to understand how macro-economic fluctuations of countries may determine depressive disorders through the effect of single and combined forms of discrimination

Determinants of Infodemics During Disease Outbreaks: A Systematic Review

Background: The widespread use of social media represents an unprecedented opportunity for health promotion. We have more information and evidence-based health related knowledge, for instance about healthy habits or possible risk behaviors. However, these tools also carry some disadvantages since they also open the door to new social and health risks, in particular during health emergencies. This systematic review aims to study the determinants of infodemics during disease outbreaks, drawing on both quantitative and qualitative methods. Methods: We searched research articles in PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Sociological abstracts, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Additional research works were included by searching bibliographies of electronically retrieved review articles. Results: Finally, 42 studies were included in the review. Five determinants of infodemics were identified: (1) information sources; (2) online communities' structure and consensus; (3) communication channels (i.e., mass media, social media, forums, and websites); (4) messages content (i.e., quality of information, sensationalism, etc.,); and (5) context (e.g., social consensus, health emergencies, public opinion, etc.). Studied selected in this systematic review identified different measures to combat misinformation during outbreaks. Conclusion: The clarity of the health promotion messages has been proven essential to prevent the spread of a particular disease and to avoid potential risks, but it is also fundamental to understand the network structure of social media platforms and the emergency context where misinformation might dynamically evolve. Therefore, in order to prevent future infodemics, special attention will need to be paid both to increase the visibility of evidence-based knowledge generated by health organizations and academia, and to detect the possible sources of mis/disinformation.JA-G was subsidized by the Ramon & Cajal research programme operated by the Ministry of Economy and Business (RYC-2016-19353), and the European Social Fund

Neurorestoration approach by biomaterials in ischemic stroke

Ischemic stroke (IS) is the leading cause of disability in the western world, assuming a high socio-economic cost. One of the most used strategies in the last decade has been biomaterials, which have been initially used with a structural support function. They have been perfected, different compounds have been combined, and they have been used together with cell therapy or controlled release chemical compounds. This double function has driven them as potential candidates for the chronic treatment of IS. In fact, the most developed are in different phases of clinical trial. In this review, we will show the ischemic scenario and address the most important criteria to achieve a successful neuroreparation from the point of view of biomaterials. The spontaneous processes that are activated and how to enhance them is one of the keys that contribute to the success of the therapeutic approach. In addition, the different routes of administration and how they affect the design of biomaterials are analyzed. Future perspectives show where this broad scientific field is heading, which advances every day with the help of technology and advanced therapies.We gratefully acknowledge funding from Institute Carlos III (EC11-121) which support our research using biohybrids in the treatment of ischemic stroke. NE-G is funded by a contract from the European Social Fund through the Operational Youth Guarantee Program of the Ministry of Science, Universities and Innovation of the Community of Madrid (PEJD-2019- PRE/BMD-15396). CN was funded by Boston Scientifi

Soporte a los procesos organizacionales a través de machine learning

Machine learning is a data analysis method that automatically creates analysis models. It is a branch of artificial intelligence based on the idea that systems can learn from data, recognize patterns, and make decisions with minimal human intervention. The implementation of Machine Learning (ML) can improve decision making and transform an organization or business, however, taking advantage of its potential requires a change in mindset and culture.El aprendizaje automático es un método de análisis de datos que crea automáticamente modelos de análisis. Es una rama de la inteligencia artificial basada en la idea de que los sistemas pueden aprender de los datos, reconocer patrones y tomar decisiones con una mínima intervención humana. La implementación de Machine Learning (ML) puede mejorar la toma de decisiones y transformar una organización o negocio, sin embargo, aprovechar su potencial requiere un cambio de mentalidad y cultura

Costeo basado en actividades (ABC) y como propuesta de mejora para el almacenaje

Storage is one of the priorities in the supply of products in an organization, this. Activity-based costing (ABC) formulates a proposal that benefits storage, due to its characteristics, it guarantees an organization to have a solid foundation in the storage process. In conclusion, activity-based costing (ABC) is a viable alternative for those organizations that need to reformulate and improve storage, its easy application.El almacenaje es una de las prioridades en el abastecimiento de productos en una organización, este. El costeo basado en actividades (ABC) formula una propuesta que beneficia el almacenaje, debido a sus características, garantiza a una organización tener una base sólida en el proceso de almacenaje. En conclusión, el costeo basado en actividades (ABC) es una alternativa viable para aquellas organizaciones que requieran reformular y mejorar el almacenaje, su fácil aplicación

Desing Thinking como herramienta de innovación y competitividad organizacional

Innovation and competitiveness are part of the continuous evolution of organizations in an environment of competition in the market, these two characteristics allow the organization to differentiate itself from competitors. The Desing Thinking tool promotes innovation and competitiveness in organizations, promoting organizational improvement.La gestión de compras es un proceso complejo inmerso dentro de la cadena de suministro, por sí mismo requiere especial tratamiento. Para garantizar una correcta gestión es necesario conocer los beneficios que este tipo de gestión, y como la organización puede adaptarse e incorporarla en sus procesos. En conclusión, la gestión de compras como estrategia aplicada al proceso de la cadena productiva permite impulsar la competitividad organizacional

A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions incorporating behaviour change techniques to promote breastfeeding among postpartum women

The benefits of exclusive breastfeeding are well documented, yet few women adhere to recommendations. This systematic review reports the Behaviour Change Techniques (BCTs) within interventions trialled internationally after pregnancy to promote exclusive and mixed breastfeeding as well as evidence of effectiveness. PsycINFO, EMBASE and MEDLINE databases were screened. Twenty-three (n = 23) studies met inclusion criteria. Three authors independently extracted data, coded interventions using the BCT v.1 taxonomy, and assessed study quality. There was a moderate significant effect of the interventions promoting exclusive breastfeeding up to four weeks postpartum (OR 1.77, [95% CI: 1.47-2.13]) but this effect slightly declined beyond thirteen weeks (OR 1.63, [95% CI: 1.07-2.47). Twenty-nine BCTs were identified within interventions. ‘Credible source’ and ‘information on how to perform the behaviour’ were the most prevalent and ‘social support (unspecified)’ contributed to the effectiveness of exclusive breastfeeding interventions five to eight weeks postpartum. The use of BCTs covering cognitive and behavioural aspects may help women develop coping mechanisms promoting exclusive breastfeeding. Further trials evaluating interventions are needed in countries with low breastfeeding rates such as the U.K. The use of program theory during intervention development and clear description of intervention components is recommended. This meta-analysis provides guidance for trials evaluating postpartum breastfeeding interventions and information on components for developing interventions

Balanced Scorecard, una alternativa de desarrollo en PYMEs

The SMEs are organizations that are framed in the need to achieve continuous development, through competitiveness, strategies and objectives. The purpose of the research is to demonstrate the potential of the Balance Scorecard tool as an alternative for the development of SMEs. The result obtained shows that the 4 pillars on which the Balance Scorecard is based are useful for small companies, as well as for industries. In conclusion, including the Balance Scorecard tool in the strategic planning of SMEs will allow them to lay solid foundations for their future growth and achieve competitiveness in the market and promote innovation as a differentiating factor.Las PYME son organizaciones que se ven enmarcadas en la necesidad de lograr un continuo desarrollo, a través de competitividad, estrategias y objetivos. El propósito de la investigación es evidenciar el potencial de la herramienta Balance Scorecard como alternativa para el desarrollo de las PYME. El resultado obtenido evidencia que los 4 pilares en los que se fundamenta el Balance Scorecard son de utilidad para empresas pequeñas, así como para industrias. En conclusión, incluir la herramienta de Balance Scorecard en la planificación estratégica de las PYMES les permitirá sentar bases sólidas para su futuro crecimiento y lograr la competitividad en el mercado y propiciar la innovación como factor diferenciador