La Educación Inclusiva: Una Mirada desde las Concepciones y Prácticas de la Docencia en Colombia

Inclusive education promotes educational institutions to transform their curricula, teaching and learning processes, and resources so that every student can receive a quality education, develop their full potential, and be valued and respected in their differences. This requires an inclusive teacher capable of creating and facilitating these environments of respect and acceptance for individuals. This article presents the conceptions that teachers in some institutions in Colombia have about inclusive education and how these impact their pedagogical practices, in such a way that these findings and recommendations can strengthen strategies related to inclusive education, divided into two blocks: conceptions and practices of inclusive education among elementary and secondary school teachers. The analysis was conducted using a qualitative, descriptive approach based on 118 interviews with elementary and secondary school teachers. This analysis revealed that teachers have normative and conceptual elements that can be opportunities for improvement in the implementation of strategies and environments for inclusive education. However, continuous training and alignment with the daily tasks of teaching are required.La educación inclusiva promueve a las instituciones educativas a transformar sus currículos, sus procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje y los recursos para que cada estudiante pueda recibir una educación de calidad, desarrollar al máximo su potencial, ser valorado y respetado en sus diferencias. Para ello se requiere de un docente inclusivo capaz de generar y posibilitar estos ambientes de respeto y acogida de los individuos. El artículo presenta las concepciones que tienen los docentes de algunas instituciones de Colombia sobre educación inclusiva y cómo éstas inciden en sus prácticas pedagógicas, de tal forma que estos hallazgos y recomendaciones permitan fortalecer las estrategias relacionadas con la educación inclusiva; dividiéndose en dos bloques: concepciones y prácticas de la educación inclusiva de los docentes de básica y media. Se realizó desde un enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo el análisis de 118 entrevistas realizadas a docentes de básica y media. dicho análisis evidenció que los docentes poseen elementos normativos y conceptuales que se convierten en oportunidades de mejora para la implementación de estrategias y ambientes para la educación inclusiva. No obstante, se requiere una capacitación continua y una coherencia con el día a día del quehacer docente

Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale

Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale

Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale

Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN