An Asymmetric Index to Compare Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers

In this paper, we present a tool to help reduce the uncertainty presented in the resource selection problem when information is subjective in nature. The candidates and the "ideal" resource required by evaluators are modeled by fuzzy subsets whose elements are trapezoidal fuzzy numbers (TrFN). By modeling with TrFN the subjective variables used to determine the best among a set of resources, one should take into account in the decision-making process, not only their expected value, but also the uncertainty that they reflect. Respecting this condition, for each candidate an asymmetric index evaluates the distance between the TrFNs for each of the variables and the corresponding TrFNs of the "ideal" candidate, consolidating them through a weighted average that lets the decision-maker make the final comparison between the candidates, and the selection of the one best suited. We apply this contribution to the case of the selection of the product that is best suited for a "pilot test" to be carried out in some market segment

Mutaciones en el gen BCR-ABL1 en un paciente peruano con leucemia linfoblástica aguda resistente a terapia

Introducción: El gen de fusión BCR-ABL1 está presente en al menos la cuarta parte de pacientes adultos con leucemia linfoblástica aguda de células B. Su detección determina la viabilidad del tratamiento con inhibidores de tirosina quinasas (TKIs) que se controla mediante la cuantificación de transcritos de BCR-ABL1. Algunos pacientes no responden o recaen al tratamiento debido a la presencia de mutaciones en el dominio tirosina quinasa del gen BCR-ABL1. Reporte de caso: Se reporta un paciente con BCR-ABL1 que logra una respuesta molecular luego de iniciado la terapia con imatinib; sin embargo, recae después de quince meses cambiándose el tratamiento a dasatinib. El cambio no permitió una respuesta molecular a la terapia. Retrospectivamente, se realizó la búsqueda de mutaciones en el BCR-ABL1 encontrándose tres mutaciones de resistencia a terapia (E459K, E255K y V299L). Conclusiones: La aparición de mutaciones durante el tratamiento con TKIs tiene un fuerte impacto en el progreso de la enfermedad, siendo relevante la búsqueda de mutaciones ante recaída o persistencia de transcritos del BCR-ABL1.</p

Alternativas de desarrollo agropecuario con proyección sostenible para el distrito de riego del Zulia y su zona de influencia

La asociación de usuarios del Distrito de Adecuación de Tierras de Gran Escala del Río Zulia (ASOZULIA) Norte de Santander, con un área de influencia de 45.536 hectáreas, está interesada en la planificación productiva de su territorio. Dentro de sus actividades agropecuarias se encuentran el arroz (12.000 a 17.000 ha), la palma de aceite (1.534 ha), cítricos (limón, naranja; 346 ha), caña de azúcar (100 ha) y la ganadería. Su principal sistema de producción durante más de 50 años es el cultivo de arroz, sistema que presenta reducción de la productividad (7 a 3 tha), degradación del suelo y problemas de plagas y enfermedades, debido entre otros al uso continuo del fangueo como sistema de preparación de suelos. Adicionalmente, a pesar de tener el distrito de riego del río Zulia una concesión de 13,5 m3.s1, en épocas de verano la oferta hidrica es mucho menor como, por ejemplo, la correspondiente a los meses de febrero a marzo de 2016, con un caudal en la bocatoma del distrito de 10,8 m3s'y una captación real del distrito de solo 6 m.s' Asimismo, la construcción del nuevo acueducto para el área metropolitana de la ciudad de Cúcuta tomará 2,95 m3s del caudal antes de la bocatoma que provee agua al distrito, lo que disminuirá aún más la disponibilidad de agua para riego en esa región. Por lo anterior, se requiere la recuperación de los suelos para el establecimiento de nuevos sistemas productivos que demanden un menor consumo de agua y sean una alternativa viable para los productores.Acelga-Remolacha de hoja, Beta vulgaris var. Cicl

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Analysis of the information collected by the graphic and alphanumeric UAECD product of the update and conservation catastral vigencias 2013 to 2017 (consolidated base) and its concordance through the audit carried out by the comptroller of Bogotá to the UAECD (PAD 2017)

Análisis hecho a través del cruce de la base de datos catastral y la correspondencia entre la información gráfica y alfanumérica que posee la UAECD en los años 2013-2017 para el posterior evaluación los errores en la diferencia de las áreas de terreno (cartográfica y alfanumérica), además de otros análisis relacionados con el crecimiento de la ciudad y el cambio del avaluó catastral a los largos de las 5 vigencias.Analysis made through the crossing of the cadastral database and the correspondence between the graphic and alphanumeric information that the UAECD has in the years 2013-2017 for the subsequent evaluation of the errors in the difference of the terrain areas (cartographic and alphanumeric) , in addition to other analyzes related to the growth of the city and the change of the cadastral valuation to the lengths of the 5 validities

Dinámica y volatilidad en los índices bursátiles de los países de la Alianza Pacífico

The Latin American Integrated Market agreement between Peru, Chile, Colombia and Mexico was signed within the framework under the Pacific Alliance, following the experiences of the European Union and integrated Asian and Middle Eastern markets. This agreement was aimed at diversifying markets and attracting global investors. Due to this, through the application of correlation and cointegration analyses, and using the impulse response function of vector autoregression (VAR), we identify the impacts on returns and volatility at the main stock indexes for each of MILA member countries.Le Marché Intégré Latino-américain entre Pérou, Chili, Colombie et Mexique fut signé dans le cadre de l’Alliance Pacifique, suivant les expériences de l’Union Européenne et les marchés intégrés d’Asie et du Moyen Est. L’application d’analyse de corrélation et de co intégration, et de Vecteur Auto Régression servent a identifier les impacts sur le retour et sur la volatilité dans les principaux indices.El Acuerdo del Mercado Integrado Latinoamericano (MILA) suscrito entre Peru, Chile, Colombia y Mexico fue suscrito en el marco de la Alianza del Pacífico, siguiendo la experiencia de la Union Europea y los procesos de integración en Asia y Medio Este. Este acuerdo busca diversificar los mercados y atraer inversionistas del resto del mundo. Mediante analisis de correlación y cointegración, ademas de fiunciones impulso-respuesta de vectores autoregresivos (VAR), idenficamos los impactos en los retornos y en la volatilidad de los principales indices para cada uno de los paises miembros del MILA

An Asymmetric Index to Compare Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers

In this paper, we present a tool to help reduce the uncertainty presented in the resource selection problem when information is subjective in nature. The candidates and the "ideal" resource required by evaluators are modeled by fuzzy subsets whose elements are trapezoidal fuzzy numbers (TrFN). By modeling with TrFN the subjective variables used to determine the best among a set of resources, one should take into account in the decision-making process, not only their expected value, but also the uncertainty that they reflect. Respecting this condition, for each candidate an asymmetric index evaluates the distance between the TrFNs for each of the variables and the corresponding TrFNs of the "ideal" candidate, consolidating them through a weighted average that lets the decision-maker make the final comparison between the candidates, and the selection of the one best suited. We apply this contribution to the case of the selection of the product that is best suited for a "pilot test" to be carried out in some market segment

Lossless Medical Image Compression by Using Difference Transform

This paper introduces a new method of compressing digital images by using the Difference Transform applied in medical imaging. The Difference Transform algorithm performs the decorrelation process of image data, and in this way improves the encoding process, achieving a file with a smaller size than the original. The proposed method proves to be competitive and in many cases better than the standards used for medical images such as TIFF or PNG. In addition, the Difference Transform can replace other transforms like Cosine or Wavelet