Bilden mit Bildern: Visualisieren in der Weiterbildung

Data projector slides, PowerPoint presentations, flipcharts, collages, mind maps - there is a wide range of options in order to visualise learning contents. The learning-enhancing use of such methods, however, presupposes the knowledge of their contextually adequate applications and their successful design. This practical guide explains when which visualisation opportunities may be learning-enhancing - in particular within the continuous development. In addition to basic didactical principles and the understanding of the roles of teachers and learners theoretical reflections about the effective use of visualisations within the learning process are described. Additional checklists are available for download from the Internet.Powerpointpräsentationen, Flipcharts, Collagen, Mindmaps - um Lerninhalte zu visualisieren, gibt es eine Vielzahl von Möglichkeiten. Der lernfördernde Einsatz solcher Methoden setzt jedoch die Kenntnis kontextuell angemessener Einsatzmöglichkeiten und gelungener Gestaltung voraus. Der Praxisband erklärt, wann welche Visualisierungsmöglichkeiten - besonders in der Weiterbildung - lernförderlich sein können. Neben didaktischen Grundprinzipien und dem Rollenverständnis von Lehrenden und Lernenden werden theoretische Überlegungen zum effektiven Einsatz von Visualisierungen im Lernprozess beschrieben. Der umfangreiche Praxisteil legt gestalterische Regeln für die Veranschaulichung von Lerninhalten dar. Zusätzliche Checklisten stehen im Internet zum Download zur Verfügung

Development of a practical dietitian road map for the nutritional management of phenylketonuria (PKU) patients on pegvaliase

Funding Information: Outside the submitted work, the authors disclose the following. Bausell H received personal fees from BioMarin, Ultragenyx, Horizon and Vitaflo. Bélanger-Quintana A reports personal fees from BioMarin, Nutricia, Vitaflo, Orphan Europe, Takeda and Genzyme. Rocha JC received research grants from BioMarin, Glutamine and Cambrooke, as well as personal fees from BioMarin, Applied Pharma Research, Nutricia, Merck Serono, Vitaflo, Cambrooke, PIAM and Lifediet. MacDonald A reports research funding from BioMarin, Nutricia, Applied Pharma Research, Vitaflo, Galen, Metax, Mevalia and Arla, as well as lecture fees from BioMarin, Applied Pharma Research, Nutricia and Vitaflo, and consultancy fees from BioMarin, Applied Pharma Research, Arla, Nutricia and Vitaflo. Met Ed reports grant funding from BioMarin, Nutricia, Vitaflo and Horizon Pharmaceuticals. Bernstein L and Rohr F report lecture fees from Vitaflo. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: The metabolic dietitian/nutritionist (hereafter ‘dietitian’) plays an essential role in the nutritional management of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU), including those on pegvaliase. Currently, more educational support and clinical experience is needed to ensure that dietitians are prepared to provide optimal nutritional management and counselling of pegvaliase-treated patients. Methods: Via a face-to-face data-review meeting, followed by a virtual consolidation meeting, a group of expert dietitians and one paediatrician discussed and developed a series of recommendations on the nutritional evaluation and management of patients receiving pegvaliase. The consensus group consisted of 10 PKU experts: six dietitians and one paediatrician from Europe and three dietitians from the US. One European and three US dietitians had experience with pegvaliase-treated patients. Results: The consensus group recommended that a physician, dietitian and nurse are part of the pegvaliase treatment team. Additionally, a psychologist/counsellor should be included if available. Practical proposals for the nutritional evaluation of pegvaliase-treated patients at baseline, during the induction and titration phases and for long-term maintenance were developed. The consensus group suggested assessment of blood Phe at least monthly or every 2 weeks in the event of low blood Phe (i.e., blood Phe <30 μmol/L). It may be appropriate to increase blood Phe monitoring when adjusting protein intake and/or pegvaliase dose. It was recommended that natural protein intake is increased by 10–20 g increments if blood Phe concentrations decrease to <240 μmol/L in patients who are not meeting the dietary reference intake for natural protein of 0.8 g/kg. It was proposed that with pegvaliase treatment blood Phe levels could be maintained <240 μmol/L but more evidence on the safety of achieving physiological blood Phe levels is necessary before any recommendation on the lower blood Phe target can be given. Finally, both patients and dietitians should have access to educational resources to optimally support patients receiving pegvaliase. Conclusion: This practical road map aims to provide initial recommendations for dietitians monitoring patients with PKU prescribed pegvaliase. Given that practical experience with pegvaliase is still limited, nutritional recommendations will require regular updating once more evidence is available and clinical experience evolves.publishersversionpublishe

Adding Virtualization Capabilities to Grid'5000

Ce rapport révisé a fait l'objet d'une publication, voir hal-00946971Almost ten years after its premises, the Grid'5000 testbed has become one of the most complete testbed for designing or evaluating large-scale distributed systems. Initially dedicated to the study of High Performance Computing, the infrastructure has evolved to address wider concerns related to Desktop Computing, the Internet of Services and more recently the Cloud Computing paradigm. This report present recent improvements of the Grid'5000 software and services stack to support large-scale experiments using virtualization technologies as building blocks. Such contributions include the deployment of customized software environments, the reservation of dedicated network domain and the possibility to isolate them from the others, and the automation of experiments with a REST API. We illustrate the interest of these contributions by describing three different use-cases of large-scale experiments on the Grid'5000 testbed. The first one leverages virtual machines to conduct larger experiments spread over 4000 peers. The second one describes the deployment of 10000 KVM instances over 4 Grid'5000 sites. Finally, the last use case introduces a one-click deployment tool to easily deploy major IaaS solutions. The conclusion highlights some important challenges of Grid'5000 related to the use of OpenFlow and to the management of applications dealing with tremendous amount of data.Dix ans environ après ses prémisses, la plate-forme Grid'5000 est devenue une des plates-formes les plus complètes utilisée pour la conception et l'évaluation de systèmes distribués à grande échelle. Dédiée initialement au calcul à haute performance, l'infrastructure a évolué pour supporter un ensemble de problèmes plus vaste liés au calcul de type Desktop, l'internet des objets et plus récemment l'informatique dans les nuages (aussi appelé Cloud Computing). Ce rapport présente les améliorations récentes apportées au logiciels et pile de services pour supporter les expérimentations à grande échelle utilisant les technologies de virtualisation comme blocs de base. Nos contributions incluent le déploiement d'environnements logiciels customisés, la réservation de domaines réseaux dédiés et la possibilité de les isoler entre eux, et l'automatisation des expérimentations grâce à une API REST. Nous illustrons l'intérêt de ces contributions en décrivant trois expériences à large échelle sur la plate-forme Grid'5000. La première expérience utilise des machines virtuelles pour conduire des expérimentations de grande taille sur 4000 pairs. La seconde expérience décrit le déploiement de 10000 instances KVM sur 4 sites Grid'5000. Enfin le dernier exemple présente un outil de déploiement simple pour déployer des solutions de Cloud de type IaaS. La conclusion discute de prochains défis importants de Grid'5000 liés à l'utilisation d'OpenFlow et à la gestion d'applications gérant des grandes masses de données

Adding Virtualization Capabilities to Grid'5000

Ce rapport révisé a fait l'objet d'une publication, voir hal-00946971Almost ten years after its premises, the Grid'5000 testbed has become one of the most complete testbed for designing or evaluating large-scale distributed systems. Initially dedicated to the study of High Performance Computing, the infrastructure has evolved to address wider concerns related to Desktop Computing, the Internet of Services and more recently the Cloud Computing paradigm. This report present recent improvements of the Grid'5000 software and services stack to support large-scale experiments using virtualization technologies as building blocks. Such contributions include the deployment of customized software environments, the reservation of dedicated network domain and the possibility to isolate them from the others, and the automation of experiments with a REST API. We illustrate the interest of these contributions by describing three different use-cases of large-scale experiments on the Grid'5000 testbed. The first one leverages virtual machines to conduct larger experiments spread over 4000 peers. The second one describes the deployment of 10000 KVM instances over 4 Grid'5000 sites. Finally, the last use case introduces a one-click deployment tool to easily deploy major IaaS solutions. The conclusion highlights some important challenges of Grid'5000 related to the use of OpenFlow and to the management of applications dealing with tremendous amount of data.Dix ans environ après ses prémisses, la plate-forme Grid'5000 est devenue une des plates-formes les plus complètes utilisée pour la conception et l'évaluation de systèmes distribués à grande échelle. Dédiée initialement au calcul à haute performance, l'infrastructure a évolué pour supporter un ensemble de problèmes plus vaste liés au calcul de type Desktop, l'internet des objets et plus récemment l'informatique dans les nuages (aussi appelé Cloud Computing). Ce rapport présente les améliorations récentes apportées au logiciels et pile de services pour supporter les expérimentations à grande échelle utilisant les technologies de virtualisation comme blocs de base. Nos contributions incluent le déploiement d'environnements logiciels customisés, la réservation de domaines réseaux dédiés et la possibilité de les isoler entre eux, et l'automatisation des expérimentations grâce à une API REST. Nous illustrons l'intérêt de ces contributions en décrivant trois expériences à large échelle sur la plate-forme Grid'5000. La première expérience utilise des machines virtuelles pour conduire des expérimentations de grande taille sur 4000 pairs. La seconde expérience décrit le déploiement de 10000 instances KVM sur 4 sites Grid'5000. Enfin le dernier exemple présente un outil de déploiement simple pour déployer des solutions de Cloud de type IaaS. La conclusion discute de prochains défis importants de Grid'5000 liés à l'utilisation d'OpenFlow et à la gestion d'applications gérant des grandes masses de données

Global change drivers and the risk of infectious disease

Anthropogenic change is contributing to the rise in emerging infectious diseases, but it remains unclear which global change drivers most increase disease and under what contexts. We amassed a dataset from the literature that includes 1,832 observations of infectious disease responses to global change drivers across 1,202 host-parasite combinations. We found that biodiversity loss, climate change, and introduced species were associated with increases in disease-related endpoints or harm (i.e., enemy release for introduced species), whereas urbanization was associated with decreases in disease endpoints. Natural biodiversity gradients, deforestation, forest fragmentation, and most classes of chemical contaminants had non-significant effects on these endpoints. Overall, these results were consistent across human and non-human diseases. Context-dependent effects of the global change drivers on disease were common and are discussed. These findings will help better target disease management and surveillance efforts towards global change drivers that increase disease.One-Sentence SummaryHere we quantify which global change drivers increase infectious diseases the most to better target global disease management and surveillance efforts

PITX1 is a regulator of TERT expression in prostate cancer with prognostic power

Simple Summary Most prostate cancer is of an indolent form and is curable. However, some prostate cancer belongs to rather aggressive subtypes leading to metastasis and death, and immediate therapy is mandatory. However, for these, the therapeutic options are highly invasive, such as radical prostatectomy, radiation or brachytherapy. Hence, a precise diagnosis of these tumor subtypes is needed, and the thus far applied diagnostic means are insufficient for this. Besides this, for their endless cell divisions, prostate cancer cells need the enzyme telomerase to elongate their telomeres (chromatin endings). In this study, we developed a gene regulatory model based on large data from transcription profiles from prostate cancer and chromatin-immuno-precipitation studies. We identified the developmental regulator PITX1 regulating telomerase. Besides observing experimental evidence of PITX1′s functional role in telomerase regulation, we also found PITX1 serving as a prognostic marker, as concluded from an analysis of more than 15,000 prostate cancer samples. Abstract The current risk stratification in prostate cancer (PCa) is frequently insufficient to adequately predict disease development and outcome. One hallmark of cancer is telomere maintenance. For telomere maintenance, PCa cells exclusively employ telomerase, making it essential for this cancer entity. However, TERT, the catalytic protein component of the reverse transcriptase telomerase, itself does not suit as a prognostic marker for prostate cancer as it is rather low expressed. We investigated if, instead of TERT , transcription factors regulating TERT may suit as prognostic markers. To identify transcription factors regulating TERT , we developed and applied a new gene regulatory modeling strategy to a comprehensive transcriptome dataset of 445 primary PCa. Six transcription factors were predicted as TERT regulators, and most prominently, the developmental morphogenic factor PITX1. PITX1 expression positively correlated with telomere staining intensity in PCa tumor samples. Functional assays and chromatin immune-precipitation showed that PITX1 activates TERT expression in PCa cells. Clinically, we observed that PITX1 is an excellent prognostic marker, as concluded from an analysis of more than 15,000 PCa samples. PITX1 expression in tumor samples associated with (i) increased Ki67 expression indicating increased tumor growth, (ii) a worse prognosis, and (iii) correlated with telomere length

Successful Expansion but Not Complete Restriction of Tropism of Adeno-Associated Virus by In Vivo Biopanning of Random Virus Display Peptide Libraries

Targeting viral vectors to certain tissues in vivo has been a major challenge in gene therapy. Cell type-directed vector capsids can be selected from random peptide libraries displayed on viral capsids in vitro but so far this system could not easily be translated to in vivo applications. Using a novel, PCR-based amplification protocol for peptide libraries displayed on adeno-associated virus (AAV), we selected vectors for optimized transduction of primary tumor cells in vitro. However, these vectors were not suitable for transduction of the same target cells under in vivo conditions. We therefore performed selections of AAV peptide libraries in vivo in living animals after intravenous administration using tumor and lung tissue as prototype targets. Analysis of peptide sequences of AAV clones after several rounds of selection yielded distinct sequence motifs for both tissues. The selected clones indeed conferred gene expression in the target tissue while gene expression was undetectable in animals injected with control vectors. However, all of the vectors selected for tumor transduction also transduced heart tissue and the vectors selected for lung transduction also transduced a number of other tissues, particularly and invariably the heart. This suggests that modification of the heparin binding motif by target-binding peptide insertion is necessary but not sufficient to achieve tissue-specific transgene expression. While the approach presented here does not yield vectors whose expression is confined to one target tissue, it is a useful tool for in vivo tissue transduction when expression in tissues other than the primary target is uncritical