Detracking: Why Schools Should Detrack and How to Teach to a Mixed-ability Classroom

The purpose of this thesis is to help educate teachers understand the levels of ignorance that are shared regarding the tradition of tracking students. The two goals are: 1) to provide information about the history of tracking, reasons to detrack, and restructuring ideas for schools who wish to reform; 2) to give teachers some specific instructional strategies for use in a mixed ability classroom.Master'sCollege of Arts and Sciences: Liberal StudiesUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/117900/1/Rogulsky.pd

Effect of Graphite Furnace Degradation on Atomic Absorption Signals

The time dynamics of degradation of the working characteristics of longitudinally heated furnaces for spectrometers with electrothermal atomization of a sample in the presence of tungsten, zirconium, and palladium compounds used as chemical modifiers were studied. Visual changes in the state of the investigated furnaces are discussed. The loss of carbon material during the experiment is shown. Atomic absorption signals of silver and copper recorded at different stages of degradation of unmodified and modified furnaces are analyzed. An explanation of the reasons for the accelerated damage to the pyrographite coating and subsequent destruction of the polycrystalline graphite base of furnaces subjected to modification is suggested

Пусковая установка для хранения и пуска подводных аппаратов на кораблях ледового класса // Launcher for storage and launch of underwater vehicles on ice-class ships

Abstract: Объект и цель научной работы. Объектом научного исследования является пусковая установка для хранения и пуска подводных аппаратов кораблями ледового класса при наличии ледового покрова. Цель исследования – разработка корабельной системы для эксплуатации подводных аппаратов в ледовых условиях. Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ применения действующими кораблями подводных аппаратов (ПА) в ледовых условиях и сделан вывод о невозможности применения ПА с борта корабля на ходу при наличии ледового покрова. Для решения этого вопроса использовались методы анализа, аналогии и моделирования. Основные результаты. Описана конструкция перспективной универсальной корабельной вертикальной подводной пусковой установки для хранения и пуска ПА, а также способ ее размещения на корабле. Проработаны предложения по составу и размещению пусковой установки на корабле ледового класса. Рассмотрены основные гидродинамические задачи, связанные с процессами пуска ПА вертикально вниз. Заключение. Полученные результаты работы могут быть основой для определения облика корабельной вертикальной подводной пусковой установки для хранения и пуска ПА и ее размещения на перспективном корабле ледового класса. Object and purpose of research. The object of the research is a launcher for storage and launch of underwater vehicles by ice-class ships in ice conditions. The purpose of the research is to develop a ship system for the underwater vehicles operation in ice. Materials and methods. This paper analyses underwater vehicle operations from ice-class ships in ice conditions and concludes that in ice conditions these vehicles are impossible to launch from the moving mothership. The study followed common methods of analysis, analogy and modeling. Main results. The design of a promising universal shipborne vertical submarine launcher for storage and launching of underwater vehicles, as well as the method of its accommodation aboard the ship, is described. Proposals for the components and accommodation of the launcher aboard an ice-class ship have been worked out. The main hydrodynamic problems associated with the vertical downward launching processes are considered. Conclusion. The results of the research can further used to work out a concept for a shipborne vertical submarine launcher for storing and launching UV and its placement on advanced ice-class ship

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in atomic spectrometry and related techniques

This review of 151 references covers developments in ‘Atomic Spectrometry’ published in the twelve months from November 2014 to November 2015 inclusive. It covers atomic emission, absorption, fluorescence and mass spectrometry, but excludes material on speciation and coupled techniques which are included in a separate review. It should be read in conjunction with the previous review1 and the other related reviews in the series.2–6 A critical approach to the selection of material has been adopted, with only novel developments in instrumentation, techniques and methodology being included. Most of the techniques discussed have reached a stage of maturity where major advances are less common, with many of the novel developments falling under the category of ‘applications’ and advances in instrumentation being confined to component parts, such as sample introduction and sample preparation systems. There have been some developments in mass spectrometry, with reports of distance of flight (DOF)-MS and zoom-TOF-MS to improve speed of data collection and resolution respectively; and further insights into space charge effects in the ICP channel and ion beam of ICP-MS. The development of components for portable systems continues to be of interest, covering areas such as plasma sources for OES, fibre-optic laser systems for LIBS, and compact components for planetary exploration. The quest for high sensitivity and precision and low noise has driven developments in MC-ICP-MS in order to improve precision of IR measurements for geochronology and other applications