Studies on the amount and composition of digesta flowing through the duodenum of dairy cows. 2. Sites of net absorption of magnesium and calcium from the alimentary tract.

Two cows were fitted with re-entrant duodenal cannulas, and four with T-piece duodenal annulas. Balance trials were carried out, the cows receiving either a winter ration, or freshly-mown herbage. Direct measurements were made of the flow of digesta, and of the amounts of Mg and Ca in both duodenal and faecal samples. Also indirect measurements were made of these parameters, using polyethylene glycol and chromium sesquioxide indicators. Net Ca absorption was restricted to the intestines, and, at high Mg intake, net Mg absorption was also largely intestinal, though too large an error attached to the indirect measurement of Mg absorption rates for reliable conclusions to be drawn. There was considerable secretion of Ca proximal to the duodenum. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission

Studies on the amount and composition of digesta flowing through the duodenum of dairy cows. 1. Rate of flow of digesta measured direct and estimated indirect by the indicator dilution technique.

1. Feed intake and the output of faeces, urine and milk were recorded for 8 to 10 days on 2 Friesian cows, with duodenal re-entrant cannulae, receiving hay and concentrates or fresh-mown herbage at the early or mature growth stage. One cow was also given 50 g calcined magnesite daily. During and in the 5 days preceding the collection periods 100 g polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 5.25 g Cr2O3 were given twice daily into the rumen. The digesta were measured and sampled from the re-entrant cannulae for 120 h in the middle of each balance period. All of the administered PEG and Cr2O3 were recovered from the duodenal digesta and faeces. The PEG content of duodenal digesta reached a peak 3 to 4 h after administration, but no diurnal pattern was observed for Cr2O3. The contents of PEG, Cr2O3, DM, Ca and Mg in spot samples of duodenal digesta taken at 2-h intervals agreed well with proportional samples collected during the same hours. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Mineral imbalances and mineral supplementation in cattle

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:90/03019(Mineral) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Herd infertility A programme for investigation

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:87/21521(Herd) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo