“This Is Anonymous, Right?” A Qualitative Study of Why Higher Education Students Cheat

Academic dishonesty occurs in higher education. Students who choose to cheat will find a way no matter the assessment type, learning environment modality, and deterrents. Academic integrity in online assessments has been prevalent even before the COVID-19 pandemic. However, due to the recent increase in online learning modalities, cheating is at the top of faculty concerns, and many instructors believe that online assessments open the door for cheating. I conducted a root causal analysis using an improvement science framework to identify why students cheat in higher education. This study identified two major themes of reasons students participate in academic dishonesty. First, the pressure of grades and GPA influence students to cheat. Second, personal pressures such as family expectations, time management skills (or lack thereof), and education expenses can lead students to believe they have no other options but to cheat. Recommendations to alleviate grade and student pressures include a steering committee to identify updates to current policies and procedures related to GPA, a required academic integrity course for all students, time management and study resources for students, and assessment training for faculty. Educational leadership can create and implement interventions to help address the student pressures and, therefore, decrease the amount of academic dishonesty at higher education institutions

Bloom syndrome: research and data priorities for the development of precision medicine as identified by some affected families

Bloom syndrome (BS) is a rare, autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by short stature, a skin rash associated with sun exposure, and an elevated likelihood of developing cancers of essentially all types, beginning at an early age. Cancer is the leading cause of death for persons with BS, and its early onset results in a reported median lifespan of <30 years. With fewer than 300 documented cases since BS was first described in 1954, its rarity has challenged progress in advancing both the care of and the cure for persons with BS. Presently, there are no known clinically actionable targets specific to persons with this cancer predisposition syndrome, despite the fact that standard cancer treatments are often contraindicated or must be substantially modified for persons with BS. Herein, Zachary Rogers recounts his experience as a cancer patient with BS contemplating a substantially customized chemotherapy regimen that highlights the need for development of individualized treatments in the BS community. We also outline a patient-centered research and community action road map with the goal of improving and prolonging the lives of persons with Bloom syndrome, including the facilitation of precision medicine development specific to this condition

RAD-QTL mapping reveals both genome-level parallelism and different genetic architecture underlying the evolution of body shape in Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) species pairs

Parallel changes in body shape may evolve in response to similar environmental conditions, but whether such parallel phenotypic changes share a common genetic basis is still debated. The goal of this study was to assess whether parallel phenotypic changes could be explained by genetic parallelism, multiple genetic routes, or both. We first provide evidence for parallelism in fish shape by using geometric morphometrics among 300 fish representing five species pairs of Lake Whitefish. Using a genetic map comprising 3438 restriction site-associated DNA sequencing single-nucleotide polymorphisms, we then identified quantitative trait loci underlying body shape traits in a backcross family reared in the laboratory. A total of 138 body shape quantitative trait loci were identified in this cross, thus revealing a highly polygenic architecture of body shape in Lake Whitefish. Third, we tested for evidence of genetic parallelism among independent wild populations using both a single-locus method (outlier analysis) and a polygenic approach (analysis of covariation among markers). The single-locus approach provided limited evidence for genetic parallelism. However, the polygenic analysis revealed genetic parallelism for three of the five lakes, which differed from the two other lakes. These results provide evidence for both genetic parallelism and multiple genetic routes underlying parallel phenotypic evolution in fish shape among populations occupying similar ecological niches.Keywords : Adaptive radiation, Parallel evolution, Fish body shape, Geometric morphometrics, Genotyping-by-sequencing

Institutionalizing Women's Interests and Accountability to Women in Development

Summary The Editorial introduces the Bulletin by outlining current approaches to analysing institutions and organizations as gendered terrains and processes. These approaches can help explain persistent difficulties in institutionalizing incentive and accountability systems responsive to women's needs and interests in development organizations. The article outlines an approach to analysing development organizations according to gendered structures and practices as they are expressed through gendered incentive and accountability systems, gendered expressions of power, and gendered patterns of organizing space and time. The article also stresses the importance of situating any organizational study and strategies for organizational change within the broad institutional context embracing the organization in question. RESUME L'institutionalisation des intérêts des femmes et de la responsabilité sensible au genre dans le développement Cet article sert d'introduction à cette édition du Bulletin, car il ébauche les approches qui servent actuellement dans l'analyse des institutions et des organisations en tant que terrains et processus genrés. Ces approches peuvent servir à expliquer les difficultés persistantes qui ralentissent le processus d'institutionalisation des systèmes d'encouragement et de responsabilisation destinés à répondre aux besoins et aux intérêts des femmes dans les organisations vouées au développement. L'article esquisse une approche qui permettrait d'analyser les organisations de développement en fonction des structures et pratiques genrées telles qu'elles s'expriment à travers les systèmes d'encouragement et de responsabilité, les manifestations genrées du pouvoir, et les modéles genrès d'organisation des espaces et du temps. L'auteur souligne aussi l'importance de situer les études organisationnelles et les stratégies de changement organisationnel dans le plus grand contexte institutionnel qui entoure l'organisation concernée. RESUMEN La institucionalización de los intereses de la mujer, y la responsabilidad hacia los temas de género en el desarrollo Este artículo da comienzo al Boletín delineando los enfoques actuales para el análisis de instituciones y organizaciones como procesos y campos relativos al género. El estudio de estos enfoques puede explicar las persistentes dificultades para la institucionalización de sistemas de incentivación y responsabilidad que respondan a las necesidades e intereses de la mujer en las organizaciones para el desarrollo. Específicamente, el artículo analiza un enfoque para este análisis de estructuras y prácticas de género de acuerdo a los sistemas ya mencionados, y a los modelos de organización de tiempo y espacio acordes con el género. Asimismo se destaca la importancia de situar todo estudio organizativo y estategia de cambio dentro del contexto institucional más amplio de la organización en cuestión

Bloom syndrome: research and data priorities for the development of precision medicine as identified by some affected families

Bloom syndrome (BS) is a rare, autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by short stature, a skin rash associated with sun exposure, and an elevated likelihood of developing cancers of essentially all types, beginning at an early age. Cancer is the leading cause of death for persons with BS, and its early onset results in a reported median lifespan of <30 years. With fewer than 300 documented cases since BS was first described in 1954, its rarity has challenged progress in advancing both the care of and the cure for persons with BS. Presently, there are no known clinically actionable targets specific to persons with this cancer predisposition syndrome, despite the fact that standard cancer treatments are often contraindicated or must be substantially modified for persons with BS. Herein, Zachary Rogers recounts his experience as a cancer patient with BS contemplating a substantially customized chemotherapy regimen that highlights the need for development of individualized treatments in the BS community. We also outline a patient-centered research and community action road map with the goal of improving and prolonging the lives of persons with Bloom syndrome, including the facilitation of precision medicine development specific to this condition

Social justice in undergraduate medical education: a meta-synthesis of learners’ perspectives

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has illuminated disparities and inequities in healthcare globally, making it a necessity to identify, and address social and structural determinants of people’s everyday lives. Medical schools and education need to respond to and address social justice in undergraduate education. Social justice in medical education has the potential to be a foundational block to support the initiatives that have or are being implemented in our health systems. Methods: We carried out a meta-synthesis and used an interpretative approach for the analysis. Searches were conducted of three databases: PsycINFO, Embase and Medline and were carried out in May 2021. We excluded articles that were not related to undergraduate medical students. The aim of this review was to explore literature on SJ teaching to elicit the experiences of learners to inform future SJ teaching and curriculum. Results: Using meta-synthesis methodology, four themes emerged: personal growth of learners and professional identities; developing commitment to working with marginalised populations in their environments; integrating traditional clinical skills with advocacy, interests in human rights and SJ work; learning processes and methods. Conclusions: Findings confirm that SJ in undergraduate medical education has an essential role. However, social justice in medical education was understood as a non-essential piece of professionalism, or as something to be learnt in the abstract method rather than as a part of everyday practice realities. Our findings suugest that creating globally competent doctors through a globally equivalent curriculum, which is balanced and with a locally invested training programme could lead to a supply or workforce that is fit for purpose for local populations

HCI and Aging:Beyond Accessibility

Despite improvements in the accessibility of digital technologies and growing numbers of tools designed specifically for older adults, adoption of such tools remains low for this demographic. This workshop aims to explore the contextual factors that contribute to reduced uptake among older adults in order to understand how to design digital technologies that will be appealing to and work for them, fitting with recent calls for more holistic approaches to designing for older adults. Going beyond standard accessibility considerations, and aiming to inform design of technologies for the general population rather than the design of senior-friendly variants of such tools, we will generate a set of principles for developing tools that older adults can and will use

Clonality, virulence and antimicrobial resistance of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli from Bangladesh

Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) is a global cause of gastrointestinal infection yet little is known about the virulence or antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of EAEC in regions of the world where diarrhoeal disease is most common. In Bangladesh diarrhoeal disease is one of the leading causes of mortality and extensive case control studies have linked specific EAEC clonal complexes with pathogenic potential

Progress in the implementation of Kangaroo mother care in ten hospitals in Indonesia

Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is an effective and safe method of caring for low-birth-weight infants. This paper describes the results of a health systems strengthening intervention in KMC involving ten hospitals in Java, Indonesia. Implementation progress was measured with an instrument scoring hospitals out of 100. Hospital scores ranged from 28 to 85, with a mean score of 62.1. One hospital had not reached the level of “evidence of practice”; five hospitals had reached the expected level of “evidence of practice” and two hospitals already scored on the level of “evidence of routine and integration”. The two training hospitals were on the border of “evidence of sustainable practice”. The implementation of kangaroo mother care is a long-term process that requires dedication and support for a number of years. Some items in the progress-monitoring tool could be used to set standards for KMC that hospitals must meet for accreditation purposes.http://tropej.oxfordjournals.orghb2016Obstetrics and Gynaecolog