Study the mechanism of formation of conductive carbon layer (CCL) with hydrophilic polymers

Pod koniec XX wieku akumulatory litowe stały się dominującą technologią na rynku elektroniki użytkowej. Modyfikacja materiałów elektrodowych polegająca na pokryciu fazy aktywnej dobrze przylegającą, przewodzącą warstwą węgla (ang. CCL – Conductive Carbon Layers) wykorzystywana jest w celu otrzymania ogniw o lepszej wydajności. Przedmiotem przeprowadzonych badań było określenie wpływu kompozycji prekursorów polimerowych na uzyskane warstwy węglowe. Metodą impregnacji na mokro otrzymano kompozyty typu CCL/α-Al203. Źródło węgla stanowiły polimery hydrofilowe: poli-N-winyloformamid (PNVF) oraz poliakryloamid (PAAm). W celu zbadania stabilności materiałów oraz ustalenia zawartości warstwy węglowej uzyskane kompozyty poddano analizie termicznej (TGA/DTG/SDTA). Metodą dyfraktometrii promieniowania rentgenowskiego (XRD) oceniono strukturę krystaliczną oraz skład fazowy otrzymanych materiałów. Metodą niskotemperaturowej sorpcji azotu (N2-BET) określono morfologię powierzchni oraz powierzchnię właściwą kompozytów. Przeprowadzone zostały także pomiary przewodnictwa elektrycznego (EC).Na podstawie uzyskanych badań wykazano, że zawartość węgla w otrzymanych materiałach jest zbliżona do wartości założonych, a otrzymane warstwy węglowe wykazują bardzo dobre parametry elektryczne.At the end of the twentieth century, lithium batteries have become the dominant technology in the consumer electronics market. Modification of electrode materials consisting of covering active phase by well-fitting, conductive carbon layer (CCL) is used to obtain cells with better efficiency.The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the polymer precursor composition on derived carbon layers. CCL/α-Al203 composites were obtained by wet impregnation method and pyrolysis. The carbon source were hydrophilic polymers:poly-N-vinylformamide (PNVF) or polyacrylamide (PAAm).In order to examine the stability of the materials and content of the carbon in obtained composites thermal analysis methods (TGA / DTG / SDTA) were used. X-ray diffraction method (XRD) determined the crystal structure and phase composition of the received materials. Morphology and specific surface area of the composites were defined by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (N2-BET). Measurements of the electrical conductivity (EC) were also performed.The results showed that the carbon content in the received materials is similar to assumed composition and the resulting carbon layers show very good electrical properties

VGLUT2 controls heat and punctuate hyperalgesia associated with nerve injury via TRPV1-Cre primary afferents

Nerve injury induces a state of prolonged thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity in the innervated area, causing distress in affected individuals. Nerve injury-induced hypersensitivity is partially due to increased activity and thereby sustained release of neurotransmitters from the injured fibers. Glutamate, a prominent neurotransmitter in primary afferents, plays a major role in development of hypersensitivity. Glutamate is packed in vesicles by vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) to enable controlled release upon depolarization. While a role for peripheral VGLUTs in nerve injury-induced pain is established, their contribution in specific peripheral neuronal populations is unresolved. We investigated the role of VGLUT2, expressed by transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV1) fibers, in nerve injury-induced hypersensitivity. Our data shows that removal of Vglut2 from Trpv1-Cre neurons using transgenic mice abolished both heat and punctuate hyperalgesia associated with nerve injury. In contrast, the development of cold hypersensitivity after nerve injury was unaltered. Here, we show that, VGLUT2-mediated glutamatergic transmission from Trpv1-Cre neurons selectively mediates heat and mechanical hypersensitivity associated with nerve injury. Our data clarifies the role of the Trpv1-Cre population and the dependence of VGLUT2-mediated glutamatergic transmission in nerve injury-induced hyperalgesia

Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Some Novel Tetralin-6-yl-pyrazoline, 2-Thioxopyrimidine, 2-Oxopyridine, 2-Thioxo-pyridine and 2-Iminopyridine Derivatives

The title compounds were prepared by reaction of 6-acetyltetralin (1) with different aromatic aldehydes 2a-c, namely 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde, 2,6-diflouro-benzaldehyde, and 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, to yield the corresponding a,b-unsaturated ketones 3a-c. Compound 3b was reacted with hydrazine hydrate to yield the corresponding 2-pyrazoline 4, while compounds 3a,b reacted with thiourea to afford the 2-thioxopyrimidine derivatives 5a,b, respectively. The reaction of 1, and the aromatic aldehydes 2a-c with ethyl cyanoacetate, 2-cyano-thioacetamide or malononitrile in the presence of ammonium acetate yielded the corresponding 2-oxopyridines 6a,b, 2-thioxopyridines 7a-c or 2-iminopyridines 8a,b, respectively. The newly prepared compounds were evaluated for anticancer activity against two human tumor cell lines. Compound 3a showed the highest potency with IC50 = 3.5 and 4.5 μg/mL against a cervix carcinoma cell line (Hela) and breast carcinoma cell line (MCF7), respectively

Borna Disease Virus infection in children with psychiatric disorders

[No abstract available