Spatial analysis of the health risks associated with solid waste incineration: a preliminary analysis

OBJETIVO: examinar se as emissões do incinerador de resíduos sólidos Vergueiro estavam associadas a um risco aumentado de câncer entre a população residente em seu entorno. MÉTODO: a área de influência deste incinerador foi delimitada por um raio de 7 km a partir de seu centróide georeferenciado. Os óbitos de indivíduos residentes em distritos administrativos contidos nessa área, no período de 1998 a 2002, por câncer de pulmão, fígado, laringe e linfoma não-Hodgkin em adultos, e por leucemia e todos cânceres combinados em crianças, foram selecionados e geocodificados. A área estudada foi dividida em 7 (sete) anéis concêntricos delimitados por raios de 1 a 7 km a partir do incinerador. A análise da associação entre proximidade residencial ao incinerador e mortalidade por câncer foi baseada na comparação entre número de casos observados e esperados, utilizando-se o teste de Stone para examinar o declínio do risco (razão O/E) com a distância do incinerador. RESULTADOS: a área estudada incluiu 1.599.532 habitantes, sendo 92.894 crianças < 5 anos e 634.993 adultos > 40 anos. Não se observou um gradiente espacial nas razões de mortalidade conforme aumenta a distância do incinerador para nenhuma das causas e morte examinadas. CONCLUSÃO: embora não tenha sido detectado aumento no risco dos cânceres previamente selecionados, é importante monitorar as emissões de incineradores ainda em funcionamento e seus possíveis efeitos na saúde. O estudo da distribuição da morbimortalidade em áreas circunvizinhas a essas instalações pode vir a ser uma opção metodológica para atividades de vigilância.OBJECTIVES: to examine if emissions from the Vergueiro solid waste incinerator are associated with an increased risk of cancer in the population in its vicinity. METHODS: the area under influence of this incinerator was delimited by a 7 km radius from its geocoded centroid. Deaths of city residents in administrative districts inside this area due to cancer of lung, liver, larynx, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in adults, leukemia, and all sites combined in children, in the 1998 to 2002 period, were selected and geocoded. The studied area was divided into 7 concentric rings delimited by a radius of 1 to 7 km from the incinerator. The analysis of the relationship between residential proximity to the incinerator and mortality due to cancer was based on the comparison of observed and expected cases, using the Stone test for decline in risk with distance from the incinerator. RESULTS: the area studied comprised 1,599,532 inhabitants, of which 92,894 were children less than 5 years old and 634,993 were adults over 40 years old. No spatial gradient in risk was observed for any outcome in relation to distance from the incinerator. CONCLUSION: although no excess risk for the selected cancers were observed, emissions of incinerators still operating and their possible health effects should be monitored. The study of the spatial distribution of health events in areas around point sources of air pollution can become a methodological option for surveillance activities.FAPES

The aids epidemic in the State of São Paulo: application of the full Bayesian space-time model

O Estado de São Paulo, por compreender aproximadamente 40% dos casos de aids notificados no Brasil, oferece uma situação propícia para análise espaço-temporal, visando melhor compreensão da disseminação do HIV/aids. Utilizando os casos de aids notificados ao Ministério da Saúde nos anos de 1990 a 2004 para pessoas com idade igual ou superior a 15 anos, tendo como fonte de informação o Sistema de Informação de Agravos e Notificação, Ministério da Saúde, foram estimados os riscos relativos de aids segundo sexo para períodos de 3 anos utilizando modelos bayesianos completos. Os modelos utilizados se mostraram adequados para explicar o processo de disseminação da aids no Estado de São Paulo e evidenciam os processos de feminização e interiorização da doença, além de sugerir que os municípios atualmente mais atingidos se encontram em regiões de pólos de crescimento econômico e possuem população inferior a 50.000 habitantes.The State of São Paulo accounts for approximately 40% of the AIDS cases notified in Brazil and provides a suitable opportunity for space-time analysis aimed at better understanding of the dissemination of HIV/AIDS. Using the AIDS cases notified to the Ministry of Health between 1990 and 2004, among individuals aged 15 years or over, and the Ministry of Health's information system for disease notification (Sistema de Informação de Agravos e Notificação, SINAN) as the information source, the relative risks of AIDS over three-year periods were estimated using full Bayesian models, for each gender. The models used were shown to be adequate for explaining the process of AIDS dissemination in the State of São Paulo and demonstrated the growth among females and in small-sized municipalities. They also suggested that the municipalities currently most affected are in regions of economic growth and have populations of less than 50,000 inhabitants

Desempenho e modelagem de SGBD objeto-relacional em sistemas de visualização de faturamento na web

Orientador : Geovane Cayres MagalhãesDissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de ComputaçãoResumo: Esta dissertação apresenta conceitos do modelo Objeto-Relacional e uma aplicação prática dos recursos desta nova tecnologia em um módulo visualizador de faturas via WEB, que hoje é suportado por um esquema de dados relacional. Foram aplicados neste trabalho novos recursos de modelagem, armazenamento de dados e potencial idades da Orientação a Objeto que são oferecidos por este novo paradigma visando assim, obter um esquema objeto-relacional que apresente ganho de desempenho na recuperação e atualização dos dados em relação ao original. Foram utilizados recursos de modelagem da UML (Unified Modeling Language) bastante populares no desenvolvimento de sistemas de informações no paradigma Orientado a Objetos. Um conjunto de consultas e atualizações foi submetido a uma base de dados real carregada no esquema relacional, da aplicação corrente, e objeto-relacional. O comportamento dos esquemas na execução deste conjunto de consultas e atualizações foi analisado nos aspectos de desempenho e complexidadeAbstract: This dissertation presents concepts of the Relational-Object model and a practical implementation of this new technology's resources in a billing viewer module via Web, which nowadays is supported by a relational data schema. In this work we applied new resources of data storage and Object-Oriented power that are offered by this new paradigm, aiming to obtain a relational-object schema that presents performance gain on data recovering and updating, when compared to the original one. UML (Unified Modeling Language) modeling resources very popular in Object Oriented paradigm Information Systems development were used. A sort of selects and updates were submitted to a real database loaded in the relational schema, of the current application, and in the relational-object schema. The behavior ofboth schemas in this sort of selects and updates was analyzed in performance and complexity aspectsMestradoEngenharia de ComputaçãoMestre em Computaçã

Expanding the Distribution of the Remarkable Ant Gnamptogenys vriesi Brandão & Lattke (Formicidae, Ectatomminae): First Record From Brazil

Gnamptogenys vriesi Brandão &amp; Lattke is a rare ant originally described based on a worker and on a gyne collected in Morona Santiago province, in Ecuador. After the original description, few specimens of this species were collected in Ecuadorian territory. In this paper we reported the first record for Brazil, which resulted in a significant extension on the knowledge of the distribution of this species, which was currently considered to be restricted to Ecuador. In addition, we also provided images and a distribution map for this species

Síntese e caracterização de CaZrO3 e BaZrO3 nanoestruturados

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOSTRUCTURED CaZrO3 AND BaZrO3. In this work, nanostructured samples of barium zirconate (BaZrO3) and calcium zirconate (CaZrO3) were synthesized by the gel-combustion method, using glycine as fuel. The ceramic powders were calcined at 550 °C for 2 h and subsequently heat treated at 1350 °C for 10 min (fast-firing). The X-ray diffraction technique was employed to identify and characterize the crystalline phases present in the synthesized powders, using the Rietveld method. Monophasic nanostructured samples of BaZrO3 and CaZrO3 presenting average crystallite sizes of around 8.5 and 10.3 nm, respectively, were found after fast-firing.Fil: Ibiapino, Amanda Laura. Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso Do Sul; Brasil;Fil: Pires de Figueiredo, Laysa. Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso Do Sul; Brasil;Fil: Lascalea, Gustavo Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - CONICET - Mendoza; Argentina;Fil: Junqueira Prado, Rogério. Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso Do Sul; Brasil

Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from an Amazonian fragmented landscape, Juara, Mato Grosso, Brazil, with new records of ant species

The state of Mato Grosso is the 3rd largest Brazilian state, is covered with three major Brazilian biomes, including the Pantanal, Cerrado, and Amazonia. To date, 449 ant species are recorded in literature for the state. In the present work, we documented the ants sampled along a fragmented landscape, in the municipality of Juara, in the Cerrado-Amazon transition zone in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The ant species were captured with Pitfall traps installed in 20 trails with 10 traps in each (totaling 200). Our results show 151 species, belonging to 43 genera and eight subfamilies, of which 28 species were recorded for the first time in the state and five species recorded for the first time in Brazil. Most genera collected were Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (45 species) followed by Crematogaster Lund, 1831 (11 species). By highlighting species recorded for the first time in state of Mato Grosso and Brazil, we hope to encourage new discoveries and increase the general knowledge of the ant fauna of different biomes in the region

Mortality of motorcyclists in traffi c accidents in the Brazilian Federal District from 1996 to 2007

OBJETIVO: Descrever características sociodemográfi cas e analisar a tendência temporal da mortalidade de motociclistas traumatizados em acidentes de transporte. MÉTODOS: Estudo de séries temporais com dados de 580 óbitos de motociclistas do Distrito Federal, de 1996 a 2007, obtidos do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Foram calculadas as taxas de mortalidade específi cas segundo idade e sexo, as taxas padronizadas (método direto) e a razão de óbitos por frota (motocicletas). A média móvel centralizada da taxa padronizada de mortalidade de homens foi calculada para o período de três anos e um modelo de regressão linear foi construído para estudar a evolução temporal da mortalidade. Para calcular o incremento anual da taxa de mortalidade padronizada utilizou-se o método joinpoint (ponto de infl exão). RESULTADOS: A maior parte dos motociclistas mortos era do sexo masculino, (94,3%), pardo (71,0%) e tinha entre 20 e 39 anos (73,8%). A taxa padronizada de mortalidade de motociclistas (homens) residentes foi de 1,9 para 7,2 óbitos/100 mil homens entre 1996 e 2007. Entre 1998 e 2007, a razão de óbitos por frota passou de 2,0 óbitos/10 mil motocicletas para 10,0 óbitos/10 mil motocicletas entre os homens. Estimou-se incremento anual de 0,48 óbito/100 mil homens (IC95% 0,31;0,65; p < 0,001). O incremento percentual anual da taxa padronizada de mortalidade para o sexo masculino foi de 36,2% no período 1998-2007 (IC 95% 21,2%;53,2%; p < 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A taxa de mortalidade de motociclistas decorrente de acidentes de transporte aumentou expressivamente. Esse aumento é explicado apenas em parte pelo aumento da frota de motocicletas. Características individuais dos condutores, bem como as condições locais do tráfego, necessitam ser investigadas para o planejamento de políticas preventivas.OBJECTIVE: To describe sociodemographic characteristics and analyze temporal trends in the mortality of motorcyclists injured in traffi c accidents. METHODS: This was a time-series study with data from 580 motorcyclist deaths in the Brazilian Federal District from 1996 to 2007. The data were obtained from the Mortality Information System. Mortality rates specifi c for age and sex, the standardized rates (direct method), and the ratio of deaths per fl eet (motorcycles) were calculated. The centralized moving average of the standardized mortality rate for men was calculated for a three-year period, and a linear regression model was constructed to study the evolution of mortality. The joinpoint method (infl ection point) was used to calculate the annual increase in the standardized mortality rate. RESULTS: Most of the motorcyclists killed were male (94.3%), mixed skin color (71.0%), and between the ages of 20 and 39 years (73.8%). The standardized mortality rate for resident motorcyclists (men) was 1.9 to 7.2 deaths/100,000 men between 1996 and 2007. Between 1998 and 2007, the ratio of deaths per fl eet increased from 2.0 deaths/10,000 motorcyclists to 10.0 deaths/10,000 motorcyclists among men. There was an estimated annual increase of 0.48 deaths/100,000 men (95%CI 0.31, 0.65; p <0.001). The percent increase of the annual standardized mortality rate for males was 36.2% in the period from 1998-2007 (95%CI 21.2%, 53.2%; p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The mortality rate resulting from motorcycle road accidents has increased dramatically. This increase is partially explained by the increase of the fl eet of motorcycles. Individual characteristics of drivers, as well as local traffi c conditions, need to be investigated for the planning of preventive policies

Competency-Based Education in Medical Internship: Integrative Review

Medical education has undergone profound changes, currently, some medical courses are working competency-based education. This type of education is used in medical residences, however, at the medical internship, it is still not very used. Along with changes in teaching, assessments also had to adapt to contemplate the teaching-learning process. The present work aimed to review articles dealing with competency-based education in the medical internship since this area provides the medical student with the opportunity to experience the professional reality in practice. This is an integrative review study of published articles PubMed and BVS. After the search, the articles were filtered and a total of four publications addressing “internship”, “competency” and “medicine. It was found that competency-based education still is something new and that is gradually being structured in the medical internship, so maybe there are few studies on this topic. Another important point evaluated in the analyzed articles, is the evaluation based on the period of 2015 to 2019 bases on skill and it was realized that it is also something that requires more research on this subject. It was concluded that competency-based education and how to evaluate it is a field that requires more research

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cassava Starch Using Barley Malt Amylases

Barley malt was used as a source of amylases for the hydrolysis of cassava starch to produce reducing sugars for the alcoholic fermentation. Two routes of hydrolysis were evaluated in this work. One using milled barley malt and the other using the enzyme extract of this grain. The first one evaluated three concentrations of milled barley malt: 5, 10 and 15% (w/w) and there was no significant difference between the values of reducing sugars obtained as a function of the three concentrations. Three concentrations were also tested for barley malt extract: 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mL of extract. The higher content of reducing sugars was found for the 0.5 mL concentration of extract. The barley malt extract was more efficient in the enzymatic hydrolysis of cassava starch due to a better contact of the enzymes with substrate. The alcoholic fermentation of the wort obtained with 0.5 mL yielded an ethanol content of 7.74 ± 3.19 g/L with an efficiency of 88.6%. DOI:&nbsp;http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v13i3.152

Classificação de armazéns convencionais para produtos agrícolas secos, em função das características estruturais e funcionais

Static classification of conventional warehouses for grain is defined as that which is based upon the structural and functional characteristics of these buildings. This classification falls under a more complex, prophylactic and sanitary classification (varying with time). The interest in such a classification is the contribution it gives to the study and surveying of grain storage conditions. Other classifications are mentioned and a complete view of a sanitary or dynamic classification is presented before a static classification of cacao farm warebouses is developed. This static classification is based on data of a regional survey, and a criterium of values, which yielded a definition of classes, was established.Classificação estática de armazéns convencionais para produtos agrícolas secos é aquela que se fundamenta nas características de construção e funcionais dessas instalações. Difere de uma classificação dinâmica (variável no tempo), e é baseada, adicionalmente, nos aspectos profiláticos e fitossanitários dos armazéns, no momento considerado. É mencionado o interesse que uma classificação estática representa no contexto do estudo e da atualização dos conhecimento das condições de armazenamento e conservação daqueles produtos. São referidas outras classificações e é dada uma visão global de uma classificação dinâmica ou fitossanitária, nela enquadrando-se a classificação estática. É apresentada, então, uma classificação estática de armazéns convencionais para cacau, a nível de fazenda, baseada nas informações colhidas em levantamento anteriormente feito na Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira (CEPLAC) e apoiada num critério de pontuação, que levou finalmente à definição de classes