Measurement of the diameter of Mercury by the Hertzsprung method on November 7, 1960

Measurement of Mercury /planet/ diameter by Hertzsprung metho

IDENTIFYING WILDLIFE CROSSING ZONES FOR THE PRIORITIZATION OF HIGHWAY MITIGATION MEASURES ALONG U.S. HIGHWAY 2: WEST GLACIER, MT TO MILEPOST 193

Highways have been shown to fragment wildlife habitats and populations. In order to mitigate the effects that highways have on wildlife, it is important to assess where wildlife appear to be moving in close proximity to the highway. I surveyed for wildlife trails that approached either side of a ~64 km stretch U.S. Highway 2 (US-2) and monitored these trails with remote cameras. Ungulates, especially deer, were the most commonly photographed animals on trails. A limited number of photographs were also taken of coyote, black bear, snowshoe hare, wolf, and cougar. Camera images showed that wildlife tended to use roadside trails during hours of lower traffic volumes. I used multiple logistic regression at three scales (50 m, 250 m, and 500 m) followed by model selection with Akaike’s Information Criterion to assess the impacts of certain landscape features on the location of wildlife trails (used) versus randomly generated points (unused). I examined the clustering of wildlife trails and found them to be clustered at all distance scales less than 39 km—with the strongest clustering occurring at the 5-8 km scales. The 5 km segment of highway with the highest density of trails was located from Milepost (MP) 181-184. Crossing zones were delineated based on a combination of the number of trails, previously identified wildlife crossings, camera incidents-per-day, potential parcels of land for conservation, and highway and railroad structures in a given area (usually a 5 km segment). The results of this study may serve as useful baseline information to the Great Northern Environmental Stewardship Area working group (GNESA) and its partners to help guide future research and mitigation projects in the US-2 corridor

In-Process Deformation Measurement of Thin-walled Workpieces

AbstractDuring the finish milling process of thin-walled workpieces, deformations occur due to the mechanical and thermal influences. The measuring method outlined in this publication allows an accurate assignment of these deformations to their respective cause in size and form, due to the high temporal and spatial resolution of the used optical measurement system. Furthermore, dividing the dis-placement into its mechanical and thermal proportion allows a fully decoupled validation of process models. Especially the simula-tion results of thermal models, which are mainly validated by measured temperature fields, can be further ensured

Comparison and sensitivity studies of the land-surface schemes in the ECHAM General Circulation Model and the Europa-Model

This study presents the comparison of largely different land-surface schemes in the ECHAM GCM and the Europa-Modell (EM). The model runs were performed in an off-line mode using the Cabauw observational data as forcing at the lowest atmospheric model level. A detailed study on the sensitivities, over the entire physically possible range, of different key parameters gives insight into the differences in the two land- surface schemes. Emphasis is placed on the comparison of annual and diurnal cycles for the surface energy and water budget, as well as a detailed discussion of the differences in the parameterization equations. The study shows that sensitivity studies should not only focus on monthly means but also on diurnal cycles. Moreover, it is not sufficient to test a sensitivity for a certain value, but extend the investigation over the whole range because of its nonlinearity. In general, the sensitivity of both models is decreasing with increasing values of roughness length, leaf area index and Held capacity. ECHAM gener- ally shows higher sensitivity with respect to leaf area index and roughness length when compared to EM. This is mainly due to different parameterization of the transpiration. The sensitivity of the evaporation from the skin reservoir is higher in ECHAM for all varied surface parameters due to very efficient infiltration in EM. Total winter runoff is predominantly higher in ECHAM due to the implementation of 'fast drainage It has been shown that the different assessment of soil water largely influences the sensitivi- ties. In addition, ECI-IAM shows more distinct summer drying than EM. The boundary layer parameterization is typically the same in both models. However, differences in the von-Kérmcin-constant If can produce distinct differences in turbulent fluxes

Advanced modulation technology development for earth station demodulator applications

The purpose of this contract was to develop a high rate (200 Mbps), bandwidth efficient, modulation format using low cost hardware, in 1990's technology. The modulation format chosen is 16-ary continuous phase frequency shift keying (CPFSK). The implementation of the modulation format uses a unique combination of a limiter/discriminator followed by an accumulator to determine transmitted phase. An important feature of the modulation scheme is the way coding is applied to efficiently gain back the performance lost by the close spacing of the phase points

Cover crop adoption in Iowa: The role of perceived practice characteristics

Cover crops are widely viewed by the soil and water conservation community to be an effective means for reducing soil erosion and nutrient loss and increasing soil health, yet relatively few farmers have adopted the practice. Despite the widespread recognition of cover crops\u27 benefits and increased promotional efforts, there have been very few peer-reviewed studies focused on farmer perspectives on or adoption of cover crops. This study, which analyzed data from a survey and in-depth interviews with Iowa farmers, examined the roles that perceived practice characteristics, perspectives on potential facilitating factors, and crop and livestock diversity play in cover crop adoption among Iowa farmers. As expected, perceived benefits were strongly associated with cover crop use. Measures of crop and livestock diversity were also positive predictors of adoption. In addition, farmers who endorsed strengthening of facilitating factors such as educational and technological infrastructure to support cover crop use were more likely to have adopted cover crops. Farmers who perceived higher levels of risks associated with cover crop use, on the other hand, were less likely to use them. Results suggest that research and promotional efforts should focus on both raising awareness of potential benefits and quantifying and communicating potential risks and risk abatement strategies. Helping farmers to better understand (1) the benefits of cover crops and how they can be enhanced, and (2) the potential risks and ways that they can be minimized might allow farmers to more effectively weigh the probable benefits and costs of cover crop use. The findings further suggest that farmers believe that better facilitating infrastructure, in the form of technical assistance (e.g., agricultural retailers and custom operators) and education, is needed to support the widespread adoption of cover crops

Approaching ‘kit-type’ labelling with 68Ga: the DATA chelators

The DATA chelators are a novel class of tri-anionic ligands based on 6-amino-1,4-diazepine-triacetic acid, which have been introduced recently for the chelation of 68Ga. Compared with macrocyclic chelators based on the cyclen scaffold (i.e., DOTA, DO3A, and DO2A derivatives), DATA chelators undergo quantitative radiolabelling more rapidly and under milder conditions. In this study, a systematic evaluation of the labelling of four DATA chelators—DATAM, DATAP, DATAPh, and DATAPPh—with 68Ga is presented. The results highlight the extraordinary potential of this new class of chelators for application in molecular imaging using 68Ga positron emission tomography (PET)

Mixed-method study of a conceptual model of evidence-based intervention sustainment across multiple public-sector service settings.

BackgroundThis study examines sustainment of an EBI implemented in 11 United States service systems across two states, and delivered in 87 counties. The aims are to 1) determine the impact of state and county policies and contracting on EBI provision and sustainment; 2) investigate the role of public, private, and academic relationships and collaboration in long-term EBI sustainment; 3) assess organizational and provider factors that affect EBI reach/penetration, fidelity, and organizational sustainment climate; and 4) integrate findings through a collaborative process involving the investigative team, consultants, and system and community-based organization (CBO) stakeholders in order to further develop and refine a conceptual model of sustainment to guide future research and provide a resource for service systems to prepare for sustainment as the ultimate goal of the implementation process.MethodsA mixed-method prospective and retrospective design will be used. Semi-structured individual and group interviews will be used to collect information regarding influences on EBI sustainment including policies, attitudes, and practices; organizational factors and external policies affecting model implementation; involvement of or collaboration with other stakeholders; and outer- and inner-contextual supports that facilitate ongoing EBI sustainment. Document review (e.g., legislation, executive orders, regulations, monitoring data, annual reports, agendas and meeting minutes) will be used to examine the roles of state, county, and local policies in EBI sustainment. Quantitative measures will be collected via administrative data and web surveys to assess EBI reach/penetration, staff turnover, EBI model fidelity, organizational culture and climate, work attitudes, implementation leadership, sustainment climate, attitudes toward EBIs, program sustainment, and level of institutionalization. Hierarchical linear modeling will be used for quantitative analyses. Qualitative analyses will be tailored to each of the qualitative methods (e.g., document review, interviews). Qualitative and quantitative approaches will be integrated through an inclusive process that values stakeholder perspectives.DiscussionThe study of sustainment is critical to capitalizing on and benefiting from the time and fiscal investments in EBI implementation. Sustainment is also critical to realizing broad public health impact of EBI implementation. The present study takes a comprehensive mixed-method approach to understanding sustainment and refining a conceptual model of sustainment