Sartre Leitor de Freud

Sartre faz uma série de objeções ao projeto psicanalítico freudiano, sendo o foco de suas críticas o conceito de inconsciente. Em sua obra O Ser e o Nada, Sartre se preocupou em retirar da consciência qualquer resquício ontológico essencial. Seguindo tal ideia, vemos que na quarta parte Ter, Fazer e Ser, ele apresenta argumentos voltados para a tese de que o inconsciente não pode habitar o campo do sujeito, pois isso levaria a uma série de predeterminações que romperiam com sua proposta de uma consciência nadificada. Postular uma instância que determine a consciência, que não seja ela própria e que participe diretamente em suas escolhas intencionais implica, segundo Sartre, um consciente-inconsciente, ou seja, uma contradição. Por outro lado, podemos ver que nas leituras de Sartre em relação à psicanálise freudiana, o autor francês tece certos elogios, demonstrando que não busca um distanciamento total, mas sim uma renovação dos modos pelos quais a psicanálise se aplica ao sujeito. Sartre quer evitar determinações que sejam conflitantes com o sujeito intencional, como se mostra na proposta freudiana do inconsciente. Para a psicanálise existencial, o sujeito decide por si através de seus atos intencionais livres, não havendo determinantes ontológicos que possam delimitar tais atos. Sendo assim, nossa busca será apresentar a crítica que Sartre faz à psicanálise freudiana, focando em conceitos chave como o inconsciente, a má-fé e a intencionalidade, tendo o devido cuidado de entender que as críticas que Sartre faz a Freud também devem passar por uma investigação minuciosa

Consciência e Nadificação

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia, Florianópolis, 2014O que se busca ao desenvolver esse trabalho é demonstrar que todas as estruturas ligadas à consciência dentro da ontologia sartreana convergem em direção ao nada primordial da consciência, a condição negativa imutável de sua existência. Será apresentado aqui como se constrói a consciência dentro da teoria sartreana, usando como base principal a obra magna do autor, O Ser e o Nada. Há um caminho devidamente conectado entre os conceitos fundamentais que compõem o ser principal da filosofia sartreana. Quando se vê a consciência em Sartre, nota-se um ser que retorna ao nada em todas as ações que constituem sua condição no mundo.Abstract: The main goal of this work is to show that all the structures connected to the conciousness, whithin Sartre's ontology, converge towards the primordial nothingness from the conciousness, the imutable negative condition of its existence.This work will present how the concept of conciousness inside sartre's theory is built, using his main work, Being and Nothingness, as the major frame. There is a path connected by fundamental concepts that composes the main being of sartre's philosophy. Studying conciousness in Sartre its realized a being that always return to nothingness in all of his actions that constitutes its condition in the world

Determination of the Relative and Absolute Configurations of the Female-produced Sex Pheromone of the Cerambycid Beetle Prionus californicus

We previously identified the basic structure of the female-produced sex attractant pheromone of the cerambycid beetle, Prionus californicus Motschulsky (Cerambycidae: Prioninae), as 3,5-dimethyldodecanoic acid. A synthesized mixture of the four stereoisomers of 3,5-dimethyldodecanoic acid was highly attractive to male beetles. Here, we describe stereoselective syntheses of three of the four possible stereoisomers, and the results of laboratory and field bioassays showing that male beetles are attracted specifically to (3R,5S)-3,5-dimethyldodecanoic acid, but not to its enantiomer, (3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyldodecanoic acid, indicating that the (3R,5S)-enantiomer is the active pheromone component. The diastereomeric (3R,5R)- and (3S,5S)-enantiomers were excluded from consideration because their gas chromatographic retention times were different from that of the insect-produced compound. The mixture of the four stereoisomers of 3,5-dimethyldodecanoic acid was as attractive to male P. californicus as the (3R,5S)-enantiomer, indicating that none of the other three stereoisomers inhibited responses to the active enantiomer. Beetles responded to as little as 10 ng and 10 μg of synthetic 3,5-dimethyldodecanoic acid in laboratory and field studies, respectively. Field studies indicated that capture rate did not increase with dosages of 3,5-dimethyldodecanoic acid greater than 100 μg. In field bioassays, males of a congeneric species, P. lecontei Lameere, were captured in southern California but not in Idaho

Field evaluation of 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone and ethanol as attractants for the cerambycid beetle pest of vineyards, Xylotrechus arvicola

BACKGROUND: The beetle Xylotrechus arvicola (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a serious pest of vineyards in the Iberian Peninsula. In previous work, the male beetles, but not females, were shown to produce (R)-3-hydroxy-2-hexanone, and female beetles were attracted to this compound in a laboratory bioassay. In this study, release rates of 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone from different dispensers were measured in the laboratory and the attractiveness of these to X. arvicola adults determined in trapping tests in three traditional wine-growing regions in Spain. RESULTS: As a result of laboratory experiments, for field experiments 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone was formulated as 100 µl in a polyethylene sachet (50 mm x 50 mm x 250 µ) and ethanol was formulated as 1 ml in a polyethylene press-seal bag (76 mm x 57 mm x 50 µ). Field catches were similar at all three study sites. Catches in traps baited with 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone alone were not significantly different from those in unbaited control traps, but catches in traps baited with 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone and ethanol in separate sachets, with 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone and ethanol in the same sachet, or with ethanol alone, were significantly greater than those in control traps. These results confirm that the beetles are attracted to ethanol and addition of 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone does not seem to make any difference. CONCLUSIONS: Attraction of females for the male-produced compound, (R)-3-hydroxy-2-hexanone, has been observed in laboratory but not in field experiments. Traps baited with ethanol are highly attractive to both sexes of adults of X. arvicola, and these can be used for improved monitoring of the adult emergence and for population control by mass trapping

‘Nothing about us without us’ : disabled people determining their human rights through the UNCRPD

The human rights and fundamental freedoms of disabled persons are set out in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). This paper firstly focuses on the importance of the involvement of disabled people at all levels of decision-making. The second part of the paper identifies those aspects of the UNCRPD that reflect the direct involvement of disabled people. Finally, it considers how human rights bodies can best build on this specific aspect of the UNCRPD in order to realize the potential of the Convention as a determining factor in affirming disabled people rights in an effective and meaningful manner.peer-reviewe

Left Bundle Branch Block, an Old–New Entity

Left bundle branch block (LBBB) is generally associated with a poorer prognosis in comparison to normal intraventricular conduction, but also in comparison to right bundle branch block which is generally considered to be benign in the absence of an underlying cardiac disorder like congenital heart disease. LBBB may be the first manifestation of a more diffuse myocardial disease. The typical surface ECG feature of LBBB is a prolongation of QRS above 0.11 s in combination with a delay of the intrinsic deflection in leads V5 and V6 of more than 60 ms and no septal q waves in leads I, V5, and V6 due to the abnormal septal activation from right to left. LBBB may induce abnormalities in left ventricular performance due to abnormal asynchronous contraction patterns which can be compensated by biventricular pacing (resynchronization therapy). Asynchronous electrical activation of the ventricles causes regional differences in workload which may lead to asymmetric hypertrophy and left ventricular dilatation, especially due to increased wall mass in late-activated regions, which may aggravate preexisting left ventricular pumping performance or even induce it. Of special interest are patients with LBBB and normal left ventricular dimensions and normal ejection fraction at rest but who may present with an abnormal increase in pulmonary artery pressure during exercise, production of lactate during high-rate pacing, signs of ischemia on myocardial scintigrams (but no coronary artery narrowing), and abnormal ultrastructural findings on myocardial biopsy. For this entity, the term latent cardiomyopathy had been suggested previously