Grado de aceptación de los padres ante la restricción como técnica de manejo de conducta en niños de 0 a 8 años de edad en una comunidad rural de Huánuco-Perú

Las técnicas básicas o también llamadas comunicativas o sicológicas de manejo de conducta en la consulta odontopediátrica presentan una tasa alta de aceptación, tanto por los profesionales como por los padres y los propios pacientes. En la mayoría de los casos estas técnicas resultan ser eficientes y efectivas; sin embargo, para aquellos niños en los que estas técnicas resultan insuficientes, existen otras alternativas, a las cuales se hace referencia. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo determinar el grado de aceptación de los padres o apoderados en relación al manejo de conducta de niños de 0 a 8 años de edad mediante técnicas avanzadas o de restricción, en el distrito de Pinra, provincia Huacaybamba, Huánuco, Perú. Se elaboró un video informativo para los padres, en base al cual se realizó una encuesta guiada para medir el grado de aceptación de los padres hacia las técnicas restrictivas. Los resultados demuestran altos índices de consistencia interna entre los ítems del cuestionario, mediante el análisis alpha de Cronbach; también se encontró un único factor por cada técnica. Por otro lado, los valores bajos en el análisis factorial del coeficiente de correlación de Pearson permitieron asumir independencia de las respuestas. Se encontró que el 83,3 % de los padres están totalmente de acuerdo con la restricción activa; el 46 %, con la sedación consciente; el 31,3 %, con la restricción pasiva. Se concluye que la inmovilización activa es la más aceptada por la población estudiada, independientemente de factores como grado de instrucción, experiencia previa, edad de los padres y la edad o el género del niño

Oriented immobilization of Pep19-2.5 on antifouling brushes suppresses the development of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms

Bacterial colonization of indwelling medical devices poses a danger to the patient and is a tremendous economic burden that costs billions of dollars to the healthcare system. Thus, it is essential to develop an effective mechanism that prevents the attachment of bacteria to the surface in combination with bactericidal strategies to kill them in direct contact. In this work, we combine the repellent/antifouling properties of polymer brushes with the antimicrobial activity of the synthetic peptide Pep19-2.5 and test its efficacy to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. To tackle this, we utilized hierarchical polymer brushes, where the bottom block provides an effective barrier against adhesion while the top block provides functional groups for the immobilization of active molecules. Further, these polymer brushes were decorated with dibenzocyclooctine (DBCO)-functionalized Pep19-2.5 using strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC). This click chemistry proceeds very fast and does not require any catalyst, which is crucial for biomedical applications. The obtained coating was not only able to decrease the number of freely planktonic bacteria in the surrounding media (by 52.5%) but also inhibit the development of S. aureus biofilm by reducing the number of total, viable, and viable but non-culturable (VBNC) cells (up to 58%, 66%, and 70% respectively) and reduce the biovolume and thickness. Conversely, this coating does not exert any cytotoxic effect on Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts (NHDF) cells. Thus, the combination of hierarchical polymer brushes with Pep19-2.5 is a promising approach to fight medical biofilms without affecting surrounding tissues

Separating the anti-apoptotic and mitotic roles of survivin

Survivin is a bifunctional protein that acts as a suppressor of apoptosis and has an essential role in mitosis. To date whether these two functions can be divorced has not been addressed. Here we show that the linker region between the BIR (baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis repeat) domain of survivin and COOH-terminal alpha helix may be the key to separating its roles. When overexpressed survivin is present in interphase cells and shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleus. Here we identify a rev-like nuclear exportation signal (NES) in the central domain of survivin and demonstrate that point mutations within this region cause accumulation of survivin in the nucleus. Interestingly cells expressing NES mutants exhibit reduced survival after X-irradiation. Moreover, cells expressing survivin(L98A)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) showed increased poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-cleavage and caspase-3 activity after tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) treatment compared with cells expressing full-length survivin-green fluorescent protein. These data suggest a direct link between the interphase localization of survivin and cellular responsiveness to apoptotic stimuli. Using a cell proliferation assay, we also found that ectopic expression of NES mutants can complement for depletion of endogenous survivin, indicating that they can execute the mitotic duties of survivin. Thus we demonstrate for the first time that 1) survivin has a functional NES; 2) nuclear accumulation of overexpressed survivin correlates with increased sensitivity of cells to ionising radiation; and 3) the anti-apoptotic and mitotic roles of survivin can be separated through mutation of its NES. Separating these two functions of survivin could open up new possibilities for therapeutic strategies aimed at eliminating cancer cells yet preserving normal cell viability

Intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of goat whey on DNBS-induced colitis in mice

This study evaluated the intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of goat whey in a mouse model of colitis induced by 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid that resembles human IBD. At a concentration of 4 g/kg/day, the goat whey improved the symptoms of intestinal inflammation, namely by decreasing the disease activity index, colonic weight/length, and leukocyte infiltration. Moreover, goat whey inhibited NF-kappa B p65 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways and consequently down-regulated the gene expression of various proinflammatory markers such as IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-alpha, iNOS, MMP-9, ICAM-1. Also, goat whey increased the expression of proteins such as mucins, occludin proteins and cytokine signalling suppressors. The immunomodulatory properties of goat whey were also evaluated in vitro using the murine macrophage cell line Raw 264 and CMT-93 cells derived from mouse rectum carcinomas. The results revealed the ability of goat whey to inhibit the production of NO and reduce IL-6 production in LPS-stimulated cells. In conclusion, goat whey exhibited antiinflammatory effects in the DNBS model of intestinal inflammation, and these observations were confirmed by its immunomodulatory properties in vitro. Together, our results indicate that goat whey could have applications for the treatment of IBD.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Giant aneurysm of the atrial septum associated with premature closure of foramen ovale

Premature closure or restriction of foramen ovale (PCFO) is a rare congenital anomaly that can lead to a wide spectrum of cardiac malformations. This spectrum of secondary malformations appears to depend on the gestational timing of closure of the foramen ovale and to the degree of restriction. Earlier in the gestation, closure of the foramen has been associated with severe hypoplasia of the left ventricle whereas later closure has been associated with right heart failure and rarely with the formation of an aneurysm of the atrial septum. We describe the case of a 1 day old infant in whom PCFO resulted in severe right heart failure in addition to the formation of a giant atrial septal aneurysm

Real-time MR tracking of AAV gene therapy with betagal-responsive MR probe in a murine model of GM1-gangliosidosis

Transformative results of adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy in patients with spinal muscular atrophy and Leber\u27s congenital amaurosis led to approval of the first two AAV products in the United States to treat these diseases. These extraordinary results led to a dramatic increase in the number and type of AAV gene-therapy programs. However, the field lacks non-invasive means to assess levels and duration of therapeutic protein function in patients. Here, we describe a new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology for real-time reporting of gene-therapy products in the living animal in the form of an MRI probe that is activated in the presence of therapeutic protein expression. For the first time, we show reliable tracking of enzyme expression after a now in-human clinical trial AAV gene therapy (ClinicalTrials.gov: NTC03952637) encoding lysosomal acid beta-galactosidase (betagal) using a self-immolative betagal-responsive MRI probe. MRI enhancement in AAV-treated enzyme-deficient mice (GLB-1(-/-)) correlates with betagal activity in central nervous system and peripheral organs after intracranial or intravenous AAV gene therapy, respectively. With \u3e 1,800 gene therapies in phase I/II clinical trials (ClinicalTrials.gov), development of a non-invasive method to track gene expression over time in patients is crucial to the future of the gene-therapy field

Gut microbiota composition and arterial stiffness measured by pulse wave velocity: Case-control study protocol (MIVAS study)

[Introduction]: Intestinal microbiota is arising as a new element in the physiopathology of cardiovascular diseases. A healthy microbiota includes a balanced representation of bacteria with health promotion functions (symbiotes). The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between intestinal microbiota composition and arterial stiffness. [Methods and analysis]: An observational case—control study will be developed. Cases will be defined by the presence of at least one of the following: carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI), brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (ba or ba-PWV) above the 90th percentile, for age and sex, of the reference population. Controls will be selected from the same population as cases. The study will be developed in Primary Healthcare Centres. We will select 500 subjects (250 cases and 250 controls), between 45 and 74 years of age. Cases will be selected from a database that combines data from EVA study (Spain) and Guimarães/Vizela study (Portugal). Measurements: cf-PWV will be measured using the SphygmoCor system, CAVI, ba-PWV and Ankle-Brachial Index will be determined using VaSera device. Gut microbiome composition in faecal samples will be determined by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Lifestyle will be assessed by food frequency questionnaire, adherence to the Mediterranean diet and IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire). Body composition will be evaluated by bioimpedance. [Ethics and dissemination]: The study has been approved by ‘Committee of ethics of research with medicines of the health area of Salamanca’ on 14 December 2018 (cod. 2018-11-136) and the ’Ethics committee for health of Guimaraes’ (Portugal) on 15 October 2019 (ref: 67/2019).All study participants will sign an informed consent form agreeing to participate in the study, in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the WHO standards for observational studies. The results of this study will allow a better description of gut microbiota in patients with arterial stiffness.The project has been funded by the Carlos III Health Institute (Spain) through the Network of preventive activities and health promotion (redIAPP, RD16/0007), co-financed with European funds for regional development (FEDER) and the Autonomous Government of Castilla y León (GRS 1820/B/18; GRS 1944/B/19 and intensification programme)