cis-6-Methoxycarbonyl-2,10-dioxa-1-phosphabicyclo[4.4.0]decane 1-Oxide

The crystal structure of the title compound, C9H1505P, is described. The molecule consists of two cis-fused six-membered rings, both in the chair conformation.

PRISM: A Non-Equilibrium, Multiphase Interstellar Medium Model for Radiation Hydrodynamics Simulations of Galaxies

We introduce the PRISM interstellar medium (ISM) model for thermochemistry and its implementation in the RAMSES-RTZ code. The model includes a non-equilibrium primordial, metal, and molecular chemistry network for 115 species coupled to on-the-fly multifrequency radiation transport. PRISM accurately accounts for the dominant ISM cooling and heating processes in the low-density regime (i.e. $\rho<10^5\ {\rm cm^{-3}}$), including photoheating, photoelectric heating, H$_2$ heating/cooling, cosmic-ray heating, H/He cooling, metal-line cooling, CO cooling, and dust cooling (recombination and gas-grain collisions). We validate the model by comparing 1D equilibrium simulations across six dex in metallicity to existing 1D ISM models in the literature. We apply PRISM to high-resolution (4.5 pc) isolated dwarf galaxy simulations that include state-of-the-art models for star formation and stellar feedback to take an inventory of which cooling and heating processes dominate each different gas phase of a galaxy and to understand the importance of non-equilibrium effects. We show that most of the ISM gas is either close to thermal equilibrium or exhibits a slight cooling instability, while from a chemical perspective, the non-equilibrium electron fraction is often more than three times higher or lower than the equilibrium value, which impacts cooling, heating, and observable emission lines. Electron enhancements are attributed to recombination lags while deficits are shown to be due to rapid cosmic-ray heating. The PRISM model and its coupling to RAMSES-RTZ is applicable to a wide variety of astrophysical scenarios, from cosmological simulations to isolated giant molecular clouds, and is particularly useful for understanding how changes to ISM physics impact observable quantities such as metallic emission lines.Comment: 21 pages, 16 figures, submitted to MNRA

Evaluación de cuatro métodos para colección de semen en borrego tabasco o pelibuey

Se evaluaron cuatro métodos para colectar semen de borrego "Tabasco o Pelibuey". El estudio se llevó a cabo en el C.E.P. "La Posta" de Paso del Toro, Ver., utilizándose 16 borregos con una edad de 543.6 ± 25.7 días y peso corporal de 39.3 ± 2.0 kg sometidos a condiciones de manejo y alimentación similares. El bato fue dividido al azar en cuatro tratamientos para cuatro métodos de colección diferentes, cada uno con cuatro borregos. En el tratamiento I, se usó vagina artificial (V.A.) con cero montas falsas; en el tratamiento II, se usó V.A. con dos montas falsas; en el tratamiento III, se usó electroeyaculador (E.E.) con un electrodo de barras longitudinales, y en el tratamiento IV se usó E.E. con un electrodo de anillos. Los eyaculados obtenidos con V.A. fueron estadísticamente mejores a los obtenidos con E.E. Dentro de los tratamientos con V.A. no se observó ningún efecto benéfico al utilizar dos montas falsas. Resultaron ser superiores los eyaculados colectados con V.A. cero montas falsas en concentración (P < 0.05), motilidad (P < 0.01) y número total de espermatozoides (

Comportamiento productivo, degradación ruminal y producción de gas in vitro en ovinos alimentados con dietas a base de residuos pos-cosecha de Chenopodium quinoa

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the post-harvest residue intake of Chenopodium quinoa on the productive performance, apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), ruminal degradation of DM and in vitro gas production in sheep. A group of 12 rams of 6 months were used to evaluate body weight gain and voluntary consumption for 75 days (15 days of adaptation) and in vivo digestibility in metabolic cages. A second group of 6 sheep over 8 months of age and rumen cannulated were used for the study of in situ ruminal degradation of DM using the nylon bag technique and for in vitro gas production. A randomized design with two treatments was used: T1: (95.8% Pennisetum clandestinum), T2: (75.8% P. clandestinum and 20% bran of C. quinoa). Voluntary intake in T2 was higher than in T1, but voluntary intake per kg PV0.75 showed no significant difference between treatments. The feed conversion was better in T2 versus T1 (7:91 to 9:29). The weight gain was higher in T2. The apparent digestibility of the DM did not show differences between treatments. In vitro gas production was lower in T2 with respect to T1. The parameters of ruminal degradation did not show differences between treatments. With respect to the rate of degradation (c) in percentage per hour no differences were observed between forages. It is concluded that forage residues of C. quinoa can be included in 20% of the diet of sheep for moderate body weight gain when using low nutritional quality pastures such as P. clandestinum.El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el efecto de la ingesta de residuos pos-cosecha de Chenopodium quinoa sobre el comportamiento productivo, digestibilidad aparente de materia seca (MS), degradación ruminal de MS y producción de gas in vitro en ovinos. Se trabajó con un grupo de 12 carneros de 6 meses para medir la ganancia de peso y consumo voluntario durante 75 días (15 días de adaptación) y la digestibilidad in vivo en jaulas metabólicas. Un segundo grupo de 6 ovinos mayores de 8 meses y canulados para el estudio de degradación ruminal in situ de MS mediante la técnica de la bolsa de nylon y para la producción de gas in vitro. Se utilizó un diseño aleatorizado con dos tratamientos: T1: (95.8% Pennisetum clandestinum), T2: (75.8% P. clandestinum y 20% afrecho de C. quinoa). El consumo voluntario en T2 fue mayor que en T1, pero el consumo voluntario por kg PV0.75 no mostró diferencia significativa entre tratamientos. La conversión alimenticia fue mejor en T2 frente a T1 (7:91 a 9:29). La ganancia de peso fue superior en T2. La digestibilidad aparente de la MS no mostró diferencias entre tratamientos. La producción de gas in vitro fue menor en el T2 con respecto a T1. Los parámetros de degradación ruminal no presentaron diferencias entre tratamientos. Con respecto a la tasa de degradación (c) en porcentaje por hora no se observó diferencias entre forrajes. Se concluye que los rastrojos de forraje de C. quinoa pueden ser incluidos en un 20% en la dieta de los ovinos para ganancias moderadas de peso vivo al usar pastos de baja calidad nutricional como P. clandestinum

Anti-Neoplastic Activity of Two Flavone Isomers Derived From Gnaphalium Elegans and Achyrocline Bogotensis

Over 4000 flavonoids have been identified so far and among these, many are known to have antitumor activities. The basis of the relationships between chemical structures, type and position of substituent groups and the effects these compounds exert specifically on cancer cells are not completely elucidated. Here we report the differential cytotoxic effects of two flavone isomers on human cancer cells from breast (MCF7, SK-BR-3), colon (Caco-2, HCT116), pancreas (MIA PaCa, Panc 28), and prostate (PC3, LNCaP) that vary in differentiation status and tumorigenic potential. These flavones are derived from plants of the family Asteraceae, genera Gnaphalium and Achyrocline reputed to have anti-cancer properties. Our studies indicate that 5,7-dihydroxy-3,6,8-trimethoxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (5,7-dihydroxy-3,6,8-trimethoxy flavone) displays potent activity against more differentiated carcinomas of the colon (Caco-2), and pancreas (Panc28), whereas 3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy flavone) cytototoxic action is observed on poorly differentiated carcinomas of the colon (HCT116), pancreas (Mia PaCa), and breast (SK-BR3). Both flavones induced cell death (\u3e50%) as proven by MTT cell viability assay in these cancer cell lines, all of which are regarded as highly tumorigenic. At the concentrations studied (5-80 μM), neither flavone demonstrated activity against the less tumorigenic cell lines, breast cancer MCF-7 cells, androgen-responsive LNCaP human prostate cancer line, and androgen-unresponsive PC3 prostate cancer cells. 5,7-dihydroxy-3,6,8-trimethoxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (5,7-dihydroxy-3,6,8-trimethoxy flavone) displays activity against more differentiated carcinomas of the colon and pancreas, but minimal cytotoxicity on poorly differentiated carcinomas of these organs. On the contrary, 3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy flavone) is highly cytotoxic to poorly differentiated carcinomas of the colon, pancreas, and breast with minimal activity against more differentiated carcinomas of the same organs. These differential effects suggest activation of distinct apoptotic pathways. In conclusion, the specific chemical properties of these two flavone isomers dictate mechanistic properties which may be relevant when evaluating biological responses to flavones

Anti-Neoplastic Activity of Two Flavone Isomers Derived from Gnaphalium elegans and Achyrocline bogotensis

Over 4000 flavonoids have been identified so far and among these, many are known to have antitumor activities. The basis of the relationships between chemical structures, type and position of substituent groups and the effects these compounds exert specifically on cancer cells are not completely elucidated. Here we report the differential cytotoxic effects of two flavone isomers on human cancer cells from breast (MCF7, SK-BR-3), colon (Caco-2, HCT116), pancreas (MIA PaCa, Panc 28), and prostate (PC3, LNCaP) that vary in differentiation status and tumorigenic potential. These flavones are derived from plants of the family Asteraceae, genera Gnaphalium and Achyrocline reputed to have anti-cancer properties. Our studies indicate that 5,7-dihydroxy-3,6,8-trimethoxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (5,7-dihydroxy-3,6,8-trimethoxy flavone) displays potent activity against more differentiated carcinomas of the colon (Caco-2), and pancreas (Panc28), whereas 3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy flavone) cytototoxic action is observed on poorly differentiated carcinomas of the colon (HCT116), pancreas (Mia PaCa), and breast (SK-BR3). Both flavones induced cell death (\u3e50%) as proven by MTT cell viability assay in these cancer cell lines, all of which are regarded as highly tumorigenic. At the concentrations studied (5–80 µM), neither flavone demonstrated activity against the less tumorigenic cell lines, breast cancer MCF-7 cells, androgen-responsive LNCaP human prostate cancer line, and androgen-unresponsive PC3 prostate cancer cells. 5,7-dihydroxy-3,6,8-trimethoxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (5,7-dihydroxy-3,6,8-trimethoxy flavone) displays activity against more differentiated carcinomas of the colon and pancreas, but minimal cytotoxicity on poorly differentiated carcinomas of these organs. On the contrary, 3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy flavone) is highly cytotoxic to poorly differentiated carcinomas of the colon, pancreas, and breast with minimal activity against more differentiated carcinomas of the same organs. These differential effects suggest activation of distinct apoptotic pathways. In conclusion, the specific chemical properties of these two flavone isomers dictate mechanistic properties which may be relevant when evaluating biological responses to flavones

Non-Hermitian SUSY Hydrogen-like Hamiltonians with real spectra

It is shown that the radial part of the Hydrogen Hamiltonian factorizes as the product of two not mutually adjoint first order differential operators plus a complex constant epsilon. The 1-susy approach is used to construct non-hermitian Hamiltonians with hydrogen spectra. Other non-hermitian Hamiltonians are shown to admit an extra `complex energy' at epsilon. New self-adjoint hydrogen-like Hamiltonians are also derived by using a 2-susy transformation with complex conjugate pairs epsilon, (c.c) epsilon.Comment: LaTeX2e file, 13 pages, 6 EPS figures. New references added. The present is a reorganized and simplified versio

Aspergillus fumigatus Fumagillin Contributes to Host Cell Damage

The activity of fumagillin, a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus fumigatus, has not been studied in depth. In this study, we used a commercial fumagillin on cultures of two cell types (A549 pneumocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages). This toxin joins its target, MetAP2 protein, inside cells and, as a result, significantly reduces the electron chain activity, the migration, and the proliferation ability on the A549 cells, or affects the viability and proliferation ability of the RAW 264.7 macrophages. However, the toxin stimulates the germination and double branch hypha production of fungal cultures, pointing out an intrinsic resistant mechanism to fumagillin of fungal strains. In this study, we also used a fumagillin non-producer A. fumigatus strain (∆fmaA) as well as its complemented strain (∆fmaA::fmaA) and we tested the fumagillin secretion of the fungal strains using an Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) method. Furthermore, fumagillin seems to protect the fungus against phagocytosis in vitro, and during in vivo studies using infection of immunosuppressed mice, a lower fungal burden in the lungs of mice infected with the ∆fmaA mutant was demonstrated.This research was funded by the Basque Government: grant number IT1362-19. X.G. and S.C.-S. received a Ph.D. fellowship from the Basque Government; and U.P.-C. from the University of the Basque Country