185 research outputs found
Dark Matter Halo Properties vs. Local Density and Cosmic Web Location
We study the effects of the local environmental density and the cosmic web
environment (filaments, walls, and voids) on key properties of dark matter
halos using the Bolshoi-Planck LCDM cosmological simulation. The z = 0
simulation is analysed into filaments, walls, and voids using the SpineWeb
method and also the VIDE package of tools, both of which use the watershed
transform. The key halo properties that we study are the specific mass
accretion rate, spin parameter, concentration, prolateness, scale factor of the
last major merger, and scale factor when the halo had half of its z = 0 mass.
For all these properties, we find that there is no discernible difference
between the halo properties in filaments, walls, or voids when compared at the
same environmental density. As a result, we conclude that environmental density
is the core attribute that affects these properties. This conclusion is in line
with recent findings that properties of galaxies in redshift surveys are
independent of their cosmic web environment at the same environmental density
at z ~ 0. We also find that the local web environment of the Milky Way and the
Andromeda galaxies near the centre of a cosmic wall does not appear to have any
effect on the properties of these galaxies' dark matter halos except for their
orientation, although we find that it is rather rare to have such massive halos
near the centre of a relatively small cosmic wall.Comment: 23 page
Multi-Generational Star Formation in L1551
The L1551 molecular cloud contains two small clusters of Class 0 and I
protostars, as well as a halo of more evolved Class II and III YSOs, indicating
a current and at least one past burst of star formation. We present here new,
sensitive maps of 850 and 450 um dust emission covering most of the L1551
cloud, new CO J=2-1 data of the molecular cloud, and a new, deep, optical image
of [SII] emission. No new Class 0/I YSOs were detected. Compact sub-millimetre
emitters are concentrated in two sub-clusters: IRS5 and L1551NE, and the
HL~Tauri group. Both stellar groups show significant extended emission and
outflow/jet activity. A jet, terminating at HH 265 and with a very weak
associated molecular outflow, may originate from LkHa 358, or from a binary
companion to another member of the HL Tauri group. Several Herbig Haro objects
associated with IRS5/NE were clearly detected in the sub-mm, as were faint
ridges of emission tracing outflow cavity walls. We confirm a large-scale
molecular outflow originating from NE parallel to that from IRS5, and suggest
that the "hollow shell" morphology is more likely due to two interacting
outflows. We confirm the presence of a prestellar core (L1551-MC) of mass 2-3
Mo north-west of IRS5. The next generation cluster may be forming in this core.
The L1551 cloud appears cometary in morphology, and appears to be illuminated
and eroded from the direction of Orion, perhaps explaining the multiple
episodes of star formation in this cloud. The full paper (including figures)
can be downloaded at http://www.jach.hawaii.edu/~gms/l1551/l1551-apj641.pdf, or
viewed at http://www.jach.hawaii.edu/~gms/l1551/.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal, April 2006
(vol. 641). 27 pages, 17 figure
Resolving debris discs in the far-infrared: early highlights from the DEBRIS survey
We present results from the earliest observations of DEBRIS, a Herschel Key
Programme to conduct a volume- and flux-limited survey for debris discs in
A-type through M-type stars. PACS images (from chop/nod or scan-mode
observations) at 100 and 160 micron are presented toward two A-type stars and
one F-type star: beta Leo, beta UMa and eta Corvi. All three stars are known
disc hosts. Herschel spatially resolves the dust emission around all three
stars (marginally, in the case of beta UMa), providing new information about
discs as close as 11 pc with sizes comparable to that of the Solar System. We
have combined these data with existing flux density measurements of the discs
to refine the SEDs and derive estimates of the fractional luminosities,
temperatures and radii of the discs.Comment: to be published in A&A, 5 pages, 2 color figure
Pedestrian Road Traffic Injuries in Urban Peruvian Children and Adolescents: Case Control Analyses of Personal and Environmental Risk Factors
BACKGROUND: Child pedestrian road traffic injuries (RTIs) are an important cause of death and disability in poorer nations, however RTI prevention strategies in those countries largely draw upon studies conducted in wealthier countries. This research investigated personal and environmental risk factors for child pedestrian RTIs relevant to an urban, developing world setting. METHODS: This is a case control study of personal and environmental risk factors for child pedestrian RTIs in San Juan de Miraflores, Lima, PerĂș. The analysis of personal risk factors included 100 cases of serious pedestrian RTIs and 200 age and gender matched controls. Demographic, socioeconomic, and injury data were collected. The environmental risk factor study evaluated vehicle and pedestrian movement and infrastructure at the sites in which 40 of the above case RTIs occurred and 80 control sites. FINDINGS: After adjustment, factors associated with increased risk of child pedestrian RTIs included high vehicle volume (OR 7.88, 95%CI 1.97-31.52), absent lane demarcations (OR 6.59, 95% CI 1.65-26.26), high vehicle speed (OR 5.35, 95%CI 1.55-18.54), high street vendor density (OR 1.25, 95%CI 1.01-1.55), and more children living in the home (OR 1.25, 95%CI 1.00-1.56). Protective factors included more hours/day spent in school (OR 0.52, 95%CI 0.33-0.82) and years of family residence in the same home (OR 0.97, 95%CI 0.95-0.99). CONCLUSION: Reducing traffic volumes and speeds, limiting the number of street vendors on a given stretch of road, and improving lane demarcation should be evaluated as components of child pedestrian RTI interventions in poorer countries
Microscaling Data Formats for Deep Learning
Narrow bit-width data formats are key to reducing the computational and
storage costs of modern deep learning applications. This paper evaluates
Microscaling (MX) data formats that combine a per-block scaling factor with
narrow floating-point and integer types for individual elements. MX formats
balance the competing needs of hardware efficiency, model accuracy, and user
friction. Empirical results on over two dozen benchmarks demonstrate
practicality of MX data formats as a drop-in replacement for baseline FP32 for
AI inference and training with low user friction. We also show the first
instance of training generative language models at sub-8-bit weights,
activations, and gradients with minimal accuracy loss and no modifications to
the training recipe
FIH regulates metabolism through OTUB1
The asparagine hydroxylase, factor inhibiting HIF (FIH), confers oxygen-dependence upon the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a master regulator of the cellular adaptive response to hypoxia. Studies investigating whether asparagine hydroxylation is a general regulatory oxygen-dependent modification have identified multiple non-HIF targets for FIH. However, the functional consequences of this outside of the HIF pathway remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the deubiquitinase ovarian tumor domain containing ubiquitin aldehyde binding protein 1 (OTUB1) is a substrate for hydroxylation by FIH on N22. Mutation of N22 leads to a profound change in the interaction of OTUB1 with proteins important in cellular metabolism. Furthermore, in cultured cells, overexpression of N22A mutant OTUB1 impairs cellular metabolic processes when compared to wild type. Based on these data, we hypothesize that OTUB1 is a target for functional hydroxylation by FIH. Additionally, we propose that our results provide new insight into the regulation of cellular energy metabolism during hypoxic stress and the potential for targeting hydroxylases for therapeutic benefit.This is the final version of the article. It was first available from PLOS via http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.100234
Validation of the Body Concealment Scale for Scleroderma (BCSS): Replication in the Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network (SPIN) Cohort
© 2016 Elsevier Ltd Body concealment is an important component of appearance distress for individuals with disfiguring conditions, including scleroderma. The objective was to replicate the validation study of the Body Concealment Scale for Scleroderma (BCSS) among 897 scleroderma patients. The factor structure of the BCSS was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis and the Multiple-Indicator Multiple-Cause model examined differential item functioning of SWAP items for sex and age. Internal consistency reliability was assessed via Cronbach's alpha. Construct validity was assessed by comparing the BCSS with a measure of body image distress and measures of mental health and pain intensity. Results replicated the original validation study, where a bifactor model provided the best fit. The BCSS demonstrated strong internal consistency reliability and construct validity. Findings further support the BCSS as a valid measure of body concealment in scleroderma and provide new evidence that scores can be compared and combined across sexes and ages
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