Validation of high performance liquid chromatography method for determination of meloxicam loaded PEGylated nanocapsules

Para se assegurar que um método analítico produzirá informação confiável e interpretável sobre a amostra este deve ser inicialmente validado, tornando claro que os resultados podem ser confiados e rastreados. Neste estudo, propomos validar um método de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) para a quantificação do meloxicam encapsulado em nanocápsulas PEGuiladas (M-PEGNC). Efetuamos a validação, avaliando parâmetros de especificidade, linearidade, limite de quantificação, limite de detecção, exatidão, precisão e robustez. As nanocápsulas PEGuiladas foram preparadas por deposição interfacial do polímero pré-formado e caracterizaram-se o tamanho da partícula, índice de polidispersão, potencial zeta, pH e eficiência de encapsulação. O método de CLAE proposto fornece resultados seletivos e lineares na faixa de 1,0-40,0 mg/mL; limites de quantificação e detecção de 1,78 mg/mL e 0,59 mg/mL, respectivamente; desvio padrão relativo para a repetibilidade de 1,35% e precisão intermediária de 0,41% e 0,61% para o analista 1 e analista 2, respectivamente; exatidão entre 99,23 e 101,79%; robustez entre 97,13 e 98,45% para a quantificação de M-PEGNC. Os diâmetros médios das partículas foram 261 ± 13 nm e 249 ± 20 nm; índice de polidispersão de 0,15 ± 0,07 e 0,17 ± 0,06, valores de pH de 5,0 ± 0,2 e 5,2 ± 0,1 e valores do potencial zeta de -37,9 ± 3,2 mV e -31,8 ± 2,8 mV para o M-PEGNC e o placebo(B-PEGNC), respectivamente. Concluindo, o método analítico proposto é adequado para o controle de qualidade do M-PEGNC. Além disso, suspensões mostraram distribuição de tamanho monomodal e baixo índice de polidispersão, indicando alta homogeneidade das formulações com distribuição estreita de tamanho, pH e potencial zeta apropriados. O processo de extração foi eficiente para a liberação do meloxicam dos sistemas nanoestruturados.A method to ensure that an analytical method will produce reliable and interpretable information about the sample must first be validated, making sure that the results can be trusted and traced. In this study, we propose to validate an analytical high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the quantitation of meloxicam loaded PEGylated nanocapsules(M-PEGNC). We performed a validation study, evaluated parameters including specificity, linearity, quantification limit, detection limit, accuracy, precision and robustness. PEGylated nanocapsules were prepared by interfacial deposition of preformed polymer, and the particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, pH value and encapsulation efficiency were characterized. The proposed HPLC method provides selective, linear results in the range of 1.0-40.0 μg/mL; quantification and detection limits were 1.78 μg/mL and 0.59 μg/mL, respectively; relative standard deviation for repeatability was 1.35% and intermediate precision was 0.41% and 0.61% for analyst 1 and analyst 2, respectively; accuracy between 99.23 and 101.79%; robustness between 97.13 and 98.45% for the quantification of M-PEGNC. Mean particle diameters were 261 ± 13 nm and 249 ± 20 nm, polydispersity index was 0.15 ± 0.07 and 0.17 ± 0.06, pH values were 5.0 ± 0.2 and 5.2 ± 0.1, and zeta-potential values were -37.9 ± 3.2 mV e -31.8 ± 2.8 mV for M-PEGNC and placebo(B-PEGNC), respectively. In conclusion, the proposed analytical method is suitable for the quality control of M-PEGNC. Moreover, suspensions showed monomodal size distributions and low polydispersity index indicating high homogeneity of formulations with narrow size distributions, and appropriate pH and zeta potential. The extraction process was efficient for release of meloxicam from nanostructured systems

ANÁLISE DO EFEITO DO MELOXICAM NANOENCAPSULADO EM DIFERENTES MODELOS DE DOENÇAS ASSOCIADAS A INFLAMAÇÃO EM CAMUNDONGOS

Submitted by MARCIA ROVADOSCHI ([email protected]) on 2018-08-17T20:50:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_FrancineRodriguesIaniski.pdf: 21588740 bytes, checksum: f2108adb21f0cc7b0e41fb1107cec657 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T20:50:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_FrancineRodriguesIaniski.pdf: 21588740 bytes, checksum: f2108adb21f0cc7b0e41fb1107cec657 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-28Nanoparticles are considered systems of great interest for medicine, since they can enhance the therapeutic effects of various active as anti-inflammatories, such as meloxicam. The inflammatory process is associated with several diseases. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the pharmacological action of nanoencapsulated meloxicam, pegylated or not, using diseases animal models, associated with inflammation in mice. First, to evaluate the time/response curve of meloxicam loaded-nanocapsules (NC-M) and free meloxicam (M-F) was carried out acute inflammation model (pleurisy) induced by carrageenan (Cg) in male adult Swiss mice (20-25g). Subsequently, it was performed the evaluation of NC-M and M-F effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) model induced by β-amyloid peptide (βa) in male adult Swiss mice (20-25g). Later, in order to reduce some of challenges that hinder the use of nanoparticles in clinical practice, we tried to coat the nanocapsules with polyethylene glycol (PEG), protecting the nanoparticles from recognition by opsonin and prolonging the circulation time. Finally, we evaluated the effect of nanocapsules containing meloxicam and coated with PEG (NCPEG-M) and M-F in a Parkinson's disease (PD) model induced by the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in male adult C57/black mice (20-25g). For experimental models (pleurisy, AD and PD), mice were divided into six groups: control; induced; nano; free; induced-nano; and free-induced. The animals of control and induced groups received suspensions without meloxicam, mice belonging to nano and induced-nano groups received nanoencapsulated meloxicam (NC-M or NCPEG-M), while the animals of free and free-induced groups received free drug (M-F). Nanoencapsulated and free meloxicam were administered at dose of 5 mg/kg by gavage. In pleurisy model, it was observed that the treatment with the NC-M had a beneficial effect higher than M-F against the increase in total and differential of leukocytes, and in cytokines and of acid α-1-glycoprotein levels induced Cg in the pleural exudate. In AD, the NC-M reversed the memory and learning deficit and the changes on the Na+/K+-ATPase and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 activities induced by βa in the hippocampus of mice, whereas the M-F only reversed the COX-2 activity. Also in this model, it was found that AD induced by βa peptide, in the short-term, is not a determining factor for reproducing the enzymatic modifications of creatine kinase, adenylate kinase and pyruvate kinase activities observed in the brains of post-mortem patients with AD. Based on the results obtained in models of pleurisy and AD, it can be seen that the NC-M showed anti-inflammatory effect. However, in order to improve the pharmacological effect of NC-M, particularly in diseases that affect the central nervous system, NC-M were coated with PEG and characterized. The NCPEG-M had an average particle diameter of 261 ± 13 nm, polydispersity index of 0.15 ± 0.07, pH values of 5.0 ± 0.2 and zeta potential values of -37.9 ± 3.2 mV. Furthermore, suspensions containing NCPEG-M provided to be highly homogeneous with a narrow size distribution with pH and zeta potential suitable. Pharmacological effect of NCPEG-M was tested in PD model. It was noted that the NCPEGM improved motor and nesting changes, and biochemical changes induced by MPTP, while the M-F had no effect. In this context, we can conclude that NC-M, pegylated or not, exhibited a superior pharmacological effect than free active in different models of diseases related to inflammation in mice.As nanopartículas são sistemas carreadores de fármacos de grande interesse para a Medicina porque podem potencializar os efeitos terapêuticos de diversos ativos como antiinflamatórios, tais como o meloxicam. Portanto, no presente estudo foi investigada a ação farmacológica do meloxicam nanoencapsulado, peguilado ou não, em modelos animais de doenças associadas ao processo inflamatório em camundongos. Primeiramente, para avaliar a curva tempo/resposta das nanocápsulas contendo meloxicam (NC-M) e do meloxicam livre (M-L) foi realizado um modelo de inflamação aguda (pleurisia) induzido por carragenina (Cg) em camundongos adultos machos (20-25g), da linhagem Swiss. Subsequentemente, foi realizada a avaliação do efeito das NC-M e do M-L em um modelo de doença de Alzheimer (DA) induzido pelo peptídeo β-amilóide (βa) em camundongos adultos machos (20-25g), da linhagem Swiss. Posteriormente, com intuito de diminuir alguns desafios que dificultam a utilização das nanopartículas na prática clínica, buscou-se revestir as nanocápsulas com polietilenoglicol (PEG), visando proteger as nanopartículas contra o reconhecimento pelas opsoninas e assim prolongar o tempo de circulação. Por último, foi avaliado o efeito das nanocápsulas contendo meloxicam e revestidas com PEG (NCPEG-M) e do M-L em um modelo experimental da doença de Parkinson (DP) induzido pela neurotoxina 1-metil-4-fenil- 1,2,3,6-tetra-hidropiridina (MPTP) em camundongos adultos machos (20-25g), da linhagem C57/black. Para os modelos experimentais (pleurisia, DA e DP), os camundongos foram divididos em seis grupos: controle; induzido; nano; livre; nano induzido; e livre induzido. Os animais pertencentes aos grupos controle e induzido receberam suspensões sem o meloxicam, os camundongos pertencentes aos grupos nano e nano induzido receberam o meloxicam nanoencapsulado (NC-M ou NCPEG-M), enquanto os animais dos grupos livre e livre induzido receberam o fármaco na forma livre (M-L). As suspensões contendo meloxicam livre ou nanoencapsulado foram administradas na dose de 5 mg/kg pela via intragástrica. No modelo da pleurisia, observou-se que o tratamento com as NC-M apresentou um efeito benéfico superior ao ativo livre contra o aumento no número total e diferencial de leucócitos, e nos níveis de citocinas e de α-1-glicoproteína ácida induzidas pela Cg no exsudado pleural. Na DA, as NC-M reverteram o déficit de memória e aprendizado, assim como as alterações na atividade da Na+/K+-ATPase e da ciclo-oxigenase (COX)-2 induzidas pelo peptídeo βa no hipocampo dos camundongos, ao passo que o M-L reverteu apenas a atividade da COX-2. Ainda neste modelo, verificou-se que a DA induzida pelo peptídeo βa, em curto prazo, não é um fator determinante para reproduzir as alterações na atividade da creatina cinase, da adenilato cinase e do piruvato cinase observadas nos cérebros post-mortem de pacientes com a DA. Baseado nos resultados obtidos nos modelos da pleurisia e DA, pode-se observar que as NC-M apresentaram efeito anti-inflamatório. Porém, em vista de melhorar o efeito farmacológico dessas NC-M, principalmente em doenças que acometem o sistema nervoso central, as mesmas foram revestidas com PEG e devidamente caracterizadas. As NCPEG-M apresentaram um diâmetro médio de partícula de 261 ± 13 nm, um índice de polidispersão de 0,15 ± 0,07, os valores de pH de 5,0 ± 0,2 e os valores de potencial zeta de -37,9 ± 3,2 mV. Além disso, as suspensões contendo NCPEG-M apresentaram-se altamente homogêneas com estreita distribuição de tamanho, com pH e potencial zeta adequados. O efeito farmacológico das NCPEG-M foi testado no modelo de DP. Observou-se que as NCPEG-M melhoraram as alterações motoras e de nidificação, além de modificações bioquímicas induzidas pelo MPTP, ao passo que o M-L não apresentou efeito. Nesse contexto, pode-se concluir as NC-M, peguiladas ou não, apresentaram um efeito farmacológico superior ao ativo livre, em diferentes modelos de doenças associadas ao processo inflamatório em camundongos

EFEITO NEUROPROTETOR DE NANOCÁPSULAS CONTENDO MELOXICAM EM UM MODELO DA DOENÇA DE ALZHEIMER INDUZIDO PELO PEPTÍDEO β- AMILOIDE EM CAMUNDONGOS

Submitted by MARCIA ROVADOSCHI ([email protected]) on 2018-08-16T14:24:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_FrancineRodriguesIaniski.pdf: 3871772 bytes, checksum: ea06b31c8ed51f3bf9a88cbfb0d4956c (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T14:24:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_FrancineRodriguesIaniski.pdf: 3871772 bytes, checksum: ea06b31c8ed51f3bf9a88cbfb0d4956c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-02Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative pathologic process associated with aging. This disease causes cognition deterioration and memory loss. The formation of senile plaques containing amyloid-β peptide (aβ) is the main characteristic of this disease. Also, AD related with the inflammation and oxidative stress. The lack of drugs used in the prevention and treatment of AD has stimulated the search for new agents that may represent a novel therapeutic alternative. In the present study, we investigated the beneficial effect of meloxicam-loaded nanocapsules in a model of AD induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of aβ peptide (fragment 25-35) in mice, comparing the effect with free meloxicam. Mice were divided into six groups: (I) control, (II) aβ, (III) Nano, (IV) Free, (V) Nano + aβ and (VI) Free + aβ. Mice were treated with meloxicam-loaded nanocapsules (5 mg/kg, by gavage), free-meloxicam (5 mg/kg, by gavage) or blank nanocapsules. Thirty minutes after treatments, aβ (3 nmol) or filtered water were i.c.v. injected (day 1). Learning and memory were assessed with the Morris water-maze and step-down-type passive-avoidance tasks at the days 4–7 and 7–8 after the aβ injection, respectively. At the end of the experimental protocol, animals were died and brains were removed for determination of reactive species (RS) and non-protein thiols (NPSH) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. The results demonstrated that aβ injection caused learning and memory deficits in mice, which were verified using the Morris water-maze and step-down-type passiveavoidance tasks. Furthermore, this study showed that oxidative stress was increased in mice that received aβ. The most important findings of the present study was that meloxicam-loaded nanocapsules protected the learning and memory impairments induced by aβ. Moreover, meloxicam-loaded nanocapsules also protected against the increase of oxidative stress. However, free-meloxicam did not have protective effect. All these findings support the beneficial role of meloxicam-loaded nanocapsules in a model of AD induced by aβ. We can suggest that nanocapsules favor the passage of meloxicam through the blood-brain barrier and entry of the drug in the central nervous system.A doença de Alzheimer (DA) é um processo patológico neurodegenerativo crônico associado ao envelhecimento. Essa patologia ocasiona deterioração da cognição e perda da memória. A formação de placas senis contendo o peptídeo β-amiloide (βa) é a principal característica dessa doença, que também está associada à inflamação e ao estresse oxidativo. A falta de fármacos empregados na prevenção e no tratamento da DA tem estimulado a pesquisa por novos agentes que possam representar uma inovadora alternativa terapêutica. No presente estudo, investigamos o efeito benéfico das nanocápsulas contendo meloxicam sobre o déficit de aprendizagem e de memória em um modelo da DA induzido pela injeção intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) do peptídeo βa (fragmento 25-35) nos camundongos, comparando o efeito com o fármaco na forma livre. Os camundongos foram divididos em seis grupos: (I) Controle, (II) βa, (III) Nano, (IV) Livre, (V) Nano + βa, (VI) Livre + βa. Os camundongos foram pré-tratados com as nanocápsulas contendo meloxicam (5 mg/kg, por gavagem), ou com o fármaco na forma livre (5 mg/kg, por gavagem), ou com as nanocápsulas brancas. Trinta minutos após os tratamentos, foram injetados i.c.v. o peptídeo βa (3 nmol) ou água filtrada (dia 1). A aprendizagem e a memória foram avaliadas através dos testes do labirinto aquático de Morris e da esquiva passiva, nos dias 4-7 e 7-8 após a injeção do peptídeo βa, respectivamente. No final dos testes comportamentais, os animais foram mortos e os cérebros removidos para a determinação dos níveis de espécies reativas (ER) e tióis nãoproteicos (SHNP), e a atividade das enzimas superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutationa peroxidase (GPx), glutationa redutase (GR) e glutationa S-transferase (GST). Os resultados demonstraram, através dos testes do labirinto aquático de Morris e da esquiva passiva, que a injeção i.c.v. do peptídeo βa causou um déficit na aprendizagem e na memória dos camundongos. Além disso, esse estudo demonstrou que o estresse oxidativo foi aumentado nos camundongos que receberam a injeção i.c.v. do peptídeo βa. Os achados mais importantes desse estudo foram que as nanocápsulas contendo meloxicam protegeram o déficit de aprendizado e de memória induzidas pela injeção i.c.v. do peptídeo βa, assim como foram capazes de proteger contra o aumento do estresse oxidativo. No entanto, o meloxicam na forma livre não apresentou esse efeito protetor. Todos esses achados reforçam o papel benéfico do meloxicam nanoencapsulado em um modelo da DA induzido pela injeção i.c.v. do peptídeo βa, sugerindo que as nanocápsulas favorecem a passagem do meloxicam através da barreira hematoencefálica (BHE) e a entrada do fármaco no sistema nervoso central (SNC

Validation of high performance liquid chromatography method for determination of meloxicam loaded PEGylated nanocapsules

abstract A method to ensure that an analytical method will produce reliable and interpretable information about the sample must first be validated, making sure that the results can be trusted and traced. In this study, we propose to validate an analytical high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the quantitation of meloxicam loaded PEGylated nanocapsules(M-PEGNC). We performed a validation study, evaluated parameters including specificity, linearity, quantification limit, detection limit, accuracy, precision and robustness. PEGylated nanocapsules were prepared by interfacial deposition of preformed polymer, and the particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, pH value and encapsulation efficiency were characterized. The proposed HPLC method provides selective, linear results in the range of 1.0-40.0 μg/mL; quantification and detection limits were 1.78 μg/mL and 0.59 μg/mL, respectively; relative standard deviation for repeatability was 1.35% and intermediate precision was 0.41% and 0.61% for analyst 1 and analyst 2, respectively; accuracy between 99.23 and 101.79%; robustness between 97.13 and 98.45% for the quantification of M-PEGNC. Mean particle diameters were 261 ± 13 nm and 249 ± 20 nm, polydispersity index was 0.15 ± 0.07 and 0.17 ± 0.06, pH values were 5.0 ± 0.2 and 5.2 ± 0.1, and zeta-potential values were -37.9 ± 3.2 mV e -31.8 ± 2.8 mV for M-PEGNC and placebo(B-PEGNC), respectively. In conclusion, the proposed analytical method is suitable for the quality control of M-PEGNC. Moreover, suspensions showed monomodal size distributions and low polydispersity index indicating high homogeneity of formulations with narrow size distributions, and appropriate pH and zeta potential. The extraction process was efficient for release of meloxicam from nanostructured systems

Filamentous fungus-produced human monoclonal antibody provides protection against SARS-CoV-2 in hamster and non-human primate models

Monoclonal antibodies are an increasingly important tool for prophylaxis and treatment of acute virus infections like SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, their use is often restricted due to the time required for development, variable yields and high production costs, as well as the need for adaptation to newly emerging virus variants. Here we use the genetically modified filamentous fungus expression system Thermothelomyces heterothallica (C1), which has a naturally high biosynthesis capacity for secretory enzymes and other proteins, to produce a human monoclonal IgG1 antibody (HuMab 87G7) that neutralises the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. Both the mammalian cell and C1 produced HuMab 87G7 broadly neutralise SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in vitro and also provide protection against VOC Omicron in hamsters. The C1 produced HuMab 87G7 is also able to protect against the Delta VOC in non-human primates. In summary, these findings show that the C1 expression system is a promising technology platform for the development of HuMabs in preventive and therapeutic medicine.</p