Os avós : mediadores intergeracionais e transmissores de saberes socioculturais

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Práticas e saberes das avós no cuidar das crianças: uma abordagem intergeracional e intercultural

Dissertação de Mestrado em Comunicação em Saúde apresentada à Universidade AbertaO estudo sobre práticas e saberes das avós no cuidar das crianças, visa compreender qual a importância das avós no contexto familiar e a sua importância no cuidar das crianças num contexto rural, tendo sido escolhida a localidade de Foros de Salvaterra. Foram entrevistadas 17 avós e 17 mães, todas pertencentes ao mesmo núcleo familiar. As avós tanto maternas como paternas deveriam estar presentes nos cuidados aos seus netos. Concluiu-se que as avós continuam a ser muito importantes na transmissão de saberes culturais e de cuidados infantis. Houve uma grande evolução e transformação no tipo de cuidados prestados, mas as avós acompanharam essa evolução continuando a ser boas cuidadoras. Os recursos agora existentes são melhores em qualidade e em quantidade, facilitando muito a vida ás mães de hoje. Assiste-se a um maior envolvimento dos homens nas tarefas domésticas e nos cuidados infantis. Os recursos de saúde locais, não satisfazem as necessidades da população quer infantil quer adultaThe objective of the study carried out on the practices and skills of Grandmothers, as far as the looking after children is concerned, was to understand the importance of those gran-parents within a family context and also under a rural one, having, for the purpose, chosen the village of Foros de Salvaterra. A total of 17 grandmothers and 17 mothers have been interviewed, all of then appertaining to the very same family nucleus. Both grandmothers, maternal and paternal, shoul be present, or involved, in every sort of care that their grand-children are entitled to. The conclusion withdrawn from the study is that, as far as the transfer of cultural knowledge and infant care are concerned, grandmothers are still very important. There as been a considerable evolution and transformation on the type of assistance/care rendered to the children, yet, the grandmothers have followed that evolution, thus always confirming their good caretaker related skills. The resources currently avaiable show a certain improvement, in both quality and quantity terms, thus making the life of today’s mothers much easier. Another fact relates to the greater involvement of men in the domestic tasks and children caretaking. The local Health Services related resources do not seem to meet the population current needs, neither in infant/children nor adult term

Os avós na família e sociedade contemporânea : uma abordagem intergeracional e intercultural

Tese de Doutoramento em Psicologia na especialidade de Psicologia Intercultural apresentada à Universidade AbertaO estudo sobre a importância dos avós na família e sociedade contemporâneas visa compreender qual o papel que os avós têm para a dinâmica familiar, quer como recurso quer como transmissão de saberes numa perspectiva intergeracional. Foram analisadas neste estudo 50 famílias, 25 famílias num contexto rural e 25 famílias num contexto urbano. Foram entrevistadas diferentes gerações ou seja, pais, mães, avós e avôs do mesmo núcleo familiar perfazendo um total de 200 entrevistas. Concluiu-se que os avós são um recurso familiar, social e económico imprescindível e são muito importantes na transmissão de valores sociais e culturais e no cuidar dos seus netos. Também a transmissão de saberes por parte dos avós, sobretudo das avós sobre os cuidados infantis, são uma mais-valia para as mães que estão a iniciar o seu projeto maternal. Na atualidade, os recursos de saúde disponíveis são melhores no entanto os recursos de saúde locais nem sempre dão resposta às necessidades dos pais e das mães. A utilização de cuidados tradicionais diminuiu, apesar de alguns ainda continuarem a ser utilizados pelas avós. Verifica-se uma diminuição intergeracional na importância e transmissão das práticas e valores religiosos dos pais, educação e na proteção infantil, apesar dos mesmos não se oporem a que os seus filhos frequentem as igrejas ou pratiquem a religião. A investigação sublinha a manutenção da importância do núcleo familiar para a qualidade de vida, bem-estar e crescimento harmonioso dos seus elementos, assim como da solidariedade familiar existente entre avós, pais e netos.The study on the importance of the grandparents in the contemporary family and society aims at understanding the role they play on the family dynamics, either as a resource or the transfer of know-how in an intergeneration perspective. The study included 50 families, 25 families living in a rural context and another 25 living in a urbane one. People from very different generations were interviewed, i.e, fathers, mothers, grandmothers and granfathers, and from the very same familiy nucleus, in a total os 200 individuals. The conclusion drawn is that grandparents are indeed an indispensable family, social and economical resource, and are also very important on the transfer of social and cultural values, as well as looking after their grandchildren. The grandparents’ transfer of know-how, particularly the knowledge transfered from grandmothers as far as infant caretaking is concerned, are an added value for mothers who are initiating their maternal Project. Today, the health resources avaiable are better; howevwer in terms of local health care resources, these do not always meet the fathers and mothers needs. The use of the traditional health care procedures has decreased, although some are still being used by grandmothers. There is na intergeneration decrease regarding the importance and transfer of parents’ religious practices and values on infant protection, althought not opposing to their children attending a church nor practicing a religion. The research underlines the need to keep the importance of the family nucleus on its elements quality of life, well-being and harmonious growth, as well as the family solidarity existing among grandparents, parents and grandchildren

NDM-1-producing Providencia stuartii isolates in a Portuguese Hospital

Objective: Providencia stuartii is an opportunistic pathogen typically associated with urinary infections, and is intrinsically resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. The main aim of this study was to characterize five carbapenemase (CA) NDM-1-producing P. stuartii isolates obtained during an outbreak detected in a Hospital. Methods: MICs were obtained by the reference microdilution broth method, according to EUCAST guidelines. PCR amplification and DNA sequencing were applied to identify the presence of CA genes from class A, B and D. Direct transfer of the CA resistance phenotype was attempted by mating-out assays. Genetic relatedness was examined by PFGE. One isolate, INSRA21868, recovered from the urine of an 88-year-old male patient admitted to the intensive care unit, was selected for genetic characterization using whole-genome sequencing (WGS), performed using 150 bp paired-end reads on a MiSeq (Illumina). A set of bioinformatic web tools were used to estimate the presence of pathogenicity determinants, antibiotic resistance (AR) genes, and clinically relevant mobile genetic elements. Results: All isolates, genetically indistinguishable by PFGE, presented multidrug-resistance with non-susceptibility to all carbapenems tested. Transconjugants had AR profiles similar to those of their parental clinical isolates. All NDM-1 determinants tested were found to be carried on conjugative plasmids. In silico AR analyses using ResFinder-v2.1 revealed genes conferring resistance to β-lactams [blaNDM-1, blaCMY-4 and ΔblaDHA-1), aminoglycosides (aac(2’)-Ia, armA), tetracycline (tetB), macrolides (mphE and msrE), chloramphenicol (catB3), and sulfonamides (sul1). PlasmidFinder-v1.2 analyses revealed the presence of an IncA/C2, which has been associated with wide dissemination of blaNDM-1. In the 3’ region, the blaNDM-1 gene was adjacent to a bleomycin resistance-encoding gene (bleMBL), followed by a trpF and part of the blaDHA-1-ampR region. The ISAba125 element upstream of blaNDM-1 was interrupted by an IS26 element. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the elements involved in dissemination of nosocomial infections and the potential of WGS in epidemiological investigations in the prevention of CA dissemination among hospitals as well as to other bacterial genera.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Modelo de Gerenciamento de Suporte e Entrega de Serviços de Tecnologia da Informação: Estudo de Caso

O objetivo do artigo é apresentar um modelo de gerenciamento de infraestrutura de Tecnologia da Informação (TI) usando o ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library) em conjunto com o OcoMon, software para Gerenciamento de TI. Realizou-se um estudo de caso a fim de analisar os benefícios de se aplicar essas práticas de gerenciamento de suporte de serviços

Genome-Scale Characterization of Mycobacterium abscessus Complex Isolates from Portugal

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Molecular Biology on Mycobacteria)The Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) is an emerging, difficult to treat, multidrug-resistant nontuberculous mycobacteria responsible for a wide spectrum of infections and associated with an increasing number of cases worldwide. Dominant circulating clones (DCCs) of MABC have been genetically identified as groups of strains associated with higher prevalence, higher levels of antimicrobial resistance, and worse clinical outcomes. To date, little is known about the genomic characteristics of MABC species circulating in Portugal. Here, we examined the genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance profiles of 30 MABC strains isolated between 2014 and 2022 in Portugal. The genetic diversity of circulating MABC strains was assessed through a gene-by-gene approach (wgMLST), allowing their subspecies differentiation and the classification of isolates into DCCs. Antimicrobial resistance profiles were defined using phenotypic, molecular, and genomic approaches. The majority of isolates were resistant to at least two antimicrobials, although a poor correlation between phenotype and genotype data was observed. Portuguese genomes were highly diverse, and data suggest the existence of MABC lineages with potential international circulation or cross-border transmission. This study highlights the genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance profile of circulating MABC isolates in Portugal while representing the first step towards the implementation of a genomic-based surveillance system for MABC at the Portuguese NIH.Funding: The acquisition of equipment for whole-genome sequencing used in this study was funded by the HERA (Human and Environmental Risk Assessment) project (Grant/2021/PHF/23776) supported by the European Commission through the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). This work was also partially funded by the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184) supported by COMPETE 2020 (Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI)), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020) under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT). SC was supported by a PhD fellowship from the FCT (2020.08503.BD).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Intervenção arqueológica em Porto Torrão, Ferreira do Alentejo (2008-2010): Resultados preliminares e programa de estudos

O sítio arqueológico de Porto Torrão foi descoberto em 1981, ano em que se realizaram as primeiras recolhas de superfície, parte das quais levada a cabo de forma sistemática sob a direcção de J.M. Arnaud. Estes trabalhos permitiram concluir pela impressionante extensão do sítio e pela abundância e variedade de vestígios arqueológicos, entre os quais se salientavam a cerâmica campaniforme e alguns objectos votivos de calcário. Alguns destes artefactos, encontrados junto à Ribeira de Vale d’Ouro, que atravessa o sítio, poderão indiciar a presença de sepulcros nesse local (Arnaud, 1984-88). A extensão do sítio – de início calculada em 50 ha e ulteriormente corrigida para 75-100 ha – e a estimativa de que comportaria 1500-1000 habitantes foram factores que permitiram colocar o Porto Torrão entre os maiores povoados calcolíticos do Sudoeste peninsular e, logo, concluir pela presença no Porto Torrão de uma sociedade hierarquizada em época calcolítica (Arnaud, 1982). As escavações de 1982 e 1985, compreendendo uma área total de 34 m2 aberta junto a uma elevação no centro do sítio, permitiram, por seu lado, observar a sequência estratigrá:ca local, detectar estruturas antrópicas (todas em positivo), numerosos artefactos (em cerâmica, osso, metal e pedra) e restos faunísticos, tendo-se nesta fase obtido também cinco datações de radiocarbono para a sequência identi:cada (Arnaud, 1993). Um projecto, então praticamente pioneiro na Arqueologia pré-histórica portuguesa, consistiu na caracterização petrográ:ca e química de uma amostra de cerâmicas, cuja principal conclusão foi revelar que as peças campaniformes teriam sido fabricadas localmente (Cabral et al., 1988), o que consistiu então numa contribuição importantíssima para o debate em torno da origem das mesmas.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Fitotoxicidade na cultura de soja causada por deriva simulada de dicamba

The objective of this work was to evaluate injury symptoms on soybean not tolerant to dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid), as well as crop yield, after the application of sub-rates of the herbicide to simulate physical drift in tropical conditions. Dicamba rates of 0, 5.8, 14.4, 28.8, 57.6, and 576 g acid equivalent per hectare were applied at the vegetative (V3) and reproductive (R1) stages of soybean, using a backpack sprayer pressurized with CO2, equipped with air-induction flat fan spray nozzles; the pressure and rate of application were 250 kPa and 200 L ha-1, respectively. Visible injury, the soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) index (leaf chlorophyll content) at 14 days after herbicide application, and soybean crop yield were evaluated. These variables were influenced by the crop stage in which the dicamba rates were applied. Rates below 28.8 g ha-1 caused less injury to soybean when applied at the R1 stage; however, there were no differences in yield between stages. A 1% dicamba drift in tropical conditions reduces soybean yield by 12%.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os sintomas de injúria em soja não tolerante ao dicamba (ácido 3,6-dicloro-2-metoxibenzóico), bem como a produtividade da cultura, após a aplicação de subdoses do herbicida para simulação da deriva física em condições tropicais. Doses de dicamba de 0, 5,8, 14,4, 28,8, 57,6 e 576 g de equivalente ácido por hectare foram aplicadas nos estádios vegetativo (V3) e reprodutivo (R1) da soja, com uso de pulverizador costal acionado por CO2, dotado de pontas de jato plano com indução de ar; a pressão e a taxa de aplicação foram de 250 kPa e 200 L ha-1, respectivamente. Foram avaliados injúria visual, índice “soil-plant analysis development” (SPAD) (teor de clorofila das folhas) aos 14 dias após a aplicação do herbicida e produtividade da cultura de soja. Essas variáveis foram influenciadas pelo estádio da cultura em que as doses de dicamba foram aplicadas. Doses inferiores a 28,8 g ha-1 causaram menor injúria na soja quando aplicadas no estádio R1; contudo, não houve diferenças de produtividade entre os estádios. A deriva de dicamba de 1%, em condições tropicais, reduz a produtividade da soja em 12%

Chlamydia trachomatis: when the virulence-associated genome backbone imports a prevalence-associated major antigen signature

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterium worldwide and the causative agent of trachoma. Its strains are classified according to their ompA genotypes, which are strongly linked to differential tissue tropism and disease outcomes [ocular disease, urogenital disease and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)]. While the genome-based species phylogenetic tree presents four main clades correlating with tropism/prevalence, namely ocular, LGV, urogenital T1 (more prevalent genotypes) and urogenital T2 (less prevalent genotypes), inter-clade exchange of ompA is considered a rare phenomenon probably mediating marked tropism alterations. An LGV epidemic, associated with the clonal expansion of the L2b genotype, has emerged in the last few decades, raising concerns particularly due to its atypical clinical presentation (ulcerative proctitis) and circulation among men who have sex with men (MSM). Here, we report an LGV outbreak, mostly affecting human immunodeficiency virus-positive MSM engaging in high-risk sexual practices, caused by an L2b strain with a rather unique non-LGV ompA signature that precluded the laboratory notification of this outbreak as LGV. C. trachomatis whole-genome capture and sequencing directly from clinical samples was applied to deeply characterize the genomic backbone of this novel LGV outbreak-causing clone. It revealed a chimeric genome structure due to the genetic transfer of ompA and four neighbouring genes from a serovar D/Da strain, likely possessing the genomic backbone associated with the more prevalent urogenital genotypes (T1 clade), to an LGV (L2b) strain. The hybrid L2b/D-Da strain presents the adhesin and immunodominant antigen MOMP (major outer membrane protein) (encoded by ompA) with an epitope repertoire typical of non-invasive genital strains, while keeping the genome-dispersed virulence fingerprint of a classical LGV strain. As previously reported for inter-clade ompA exchange among non-LGV clades, this novel C. trachomatis genomic mosaic involving a contemporary epidemiologically and clinically relevant LGV strain may have implications on its transmission, tissue tropism and pathogenic capabilities. The emergence of variants with epidemic and pathogenic potential highlights the need for more focused surveillance strategies to capture C. trachomatis evolution in action.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio