Desigualdades socioeconômicas na prevalência, consumo, início e cessação do tabagismo no Brasil: inquérito domiciliar nacional 2008

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Florianópolis, 2013.OBJETIVOS: Testar a associação da prevalência de tabagismo atual, consumo de cigarros, iniciação ao tabagismo, idade de início do uso e cessação do tabagismo no Brasil com as condições socioeconômicas da população. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um inquérito nacional realizado em 2008 com 39.425 homens e mulheres. A amostragem foi por conglomerados em quatro estágios. Estimaram-se a prevalência, as taxas de iniciação e a cessação do tabagismo, número de cigarros industrializados e idade de início ajustados por sexo segundo as variáveis exploratórias. Foram calculadas as razões de prevalência (IC 95%) segundo cor da pele, renda domiciliar per capita, escolaridade e local de residência por meio da Regressão de Poisson, ajustando-se as medidas por faixa etária. RESULTADOS: Os resultados sugerem desigualdades socioeconômicas na prevalência, iniciação, idade de início e cessação do tabagismo em homens e mulheres. A escolaridade foi o indicador de desigualdade socioeconômica com maior magnitude de efeito nas variáveis estudadas, exceto o desfecho cessação do tabagismo nas mulheres, o qual não houve associação estatisticamente significante com escolaridade. A média de consumo de cigarros diários é maior entre os homens e mulheres com indicadores socioeconômicos mais altos. CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se que existem desigualdades socioeconômicas no tabagismo e sugerem-se políticas de controle tanto na iniciação e cessação focadas em grupos desfavorecidos economicamente OBJECTIVES: To test the association of the prevalence of current smoking, cigarrete consumption smoking initiation, age of onset and cessation of smoking in Brazil with the socioeconomic conditions of the population. METHODS: This is a national survey conducted in 2008 with 39,425 men and women. The sampling was used in four stages. We estimated the prevalence rates of initiation and cessation of smoking, number of cigarettes manufactured and age of onset sex-adjusted according to the explanatory variables. We calculated prevalence ratios according to skin color, per capita household income, education and place of residence by Poisson regression, adjusting for age measures. RESULTS: The results suggest socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence, initiation, age of onset and cessation of smoking in men and women. Education level was the indicator of socioeconomic inequality with greater magnitude of effect in the studied variables, except the outcome of smoking cessation in women, there was no statistically significant association with education. The mean of cigarette consumption is higher among men and women with higher socioeconomic indicators. CONCLUSION: We concluded that there are socioeconomic inequalities in smoking and suggest policies to control both the initiation and cessation focused on economically disadvantaged groups

A NATUROLOGIA NO BRASIL: AVANÇOS E DESAFIOS

Naturology is a new profession in Brazil, one which seeks to understand the human being in a multi-dimensionalway, and respect human singularity in its search for well-being, quality of life and health through a relationship of interagency and Complementary and Integrative Practices. The present dossier addresses a brief history of Complementary and Integrative Practices and Naturology in Brazil, the process of recognizing the occupation and regulation of the profession. The paper also explores the fields in which the naturologist is active, the bodies of professional representation, the main scientific events and important publications in the field. Finally, important documents are presented: the approval by the Brazilian Ministry of Education (MEC) of the existing courses, Statement of Purpose for opening undergraduate-level major in Naturology by a FederalUniversity, notices for public tendering, Proceedings of Brazilian Naturology Conferences and the Charter of Pedra Branca, which sets future guidelines for Naturology in Brazil.A naturologia é uma profissão recente no Brasil, a qual busca entendero ser-humano multidimensionalmente e respeitar a singularidade humana na busca de bem-estar, qualidade de vida e saúde através da relação de interagência e das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares.Este dossiê aborda um breve histórico das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares e Naturologia no Brasil, o processo de reconhecimentoda ocupação e regulamentação da profissão. O texto também explora os campos de atuação do naturólogo, órgãos de representação profissional, principais eventos científicos e publicações importantes da área. Por fim, são apresentados documentos importantes: Aprovaçãodo MEC dos cursos existentes, Carta de Intenção de abertura de curso superior de Naturologia por uma Universidade Federal, Editais de concursos públicos, Relatos de experiências de trabalhos de Naturólogosem instituições de renome nacional, Anais dos Congressos Brasileiros de Naturologia e Carta da Pedra Branca, a qual traça diretrizesfuturas para a Naturologia no Brasil

[Covid-19 in the Northeast of Brazil: from lockdown to the relaxation of social distancing measures].

Even in the period when the Covid-19 pandemic was on the rise in the Northeast of Brazil, the relaxation of social distancing measures was introduced. The scope of the study is to assess, in the light of the epidemiological-sanitary situation in the region, the suitability of relaxation of social distancing measures. Based on the WHO guidelines for relaxation of social distancing, operational indicators were created and analyzed for each guideline in the context of the Northeast. To analyze the behavior of the epidemic, according to selected indicators, Joinpoint trend analysis techniques, heat maps, rate ratios and time trends between capitals and the state interior were compared. The weekly growth peak of the epidemic occurred in May-July 2020 (epidemiological weeks 19 to 31). In most capitals, there was no simultaneous downward trend in the number of cases and deaths in the 14 days prior to flexibilization. In all states the number of tests performed was insufficient. In epidemiological week 24, the state percentages of ICU/Covid-19 bed occupancy were close to or above 70%. The epidemiological situation of the nine Northeastern state capitals analyzed here did not meet criteria and parameters recommended by the World Health Organization for the relaxation of social distancing measures

Repercussões do Sars-Cov-2 no âmbito da cirurgia geral e medicina de emergência: uma revisão

Na China, em dezembro de 2019, foram relatados os primeiros casos da patologia respiratória  COVID-19, doença causado pelo SARS-CoV-2, um RNA vírus. A propagação foi veloz e global, de maneira que a Organização Mundial de Saúde definiu como pandemia em março de 2020. A doença tem manifestação clínica variada, com enfermos assintomáticos ou manifestando quadro crítico, apresentando alta transmissibilidade e letalidade considerável. Simultaneamente, indivíduos com indicação cirúrgica, de origem traumática ou não, tiveram seus atendimentos eletivos paralisados e houve queda nos índices de intervenções de cunho emergencista, tanto devido o medo do indivíduo procurar um serviço de saúde e ser contaminado pelo coronavírus, quanto por outros fatores. Essa revisão teve como objetivo averiguar como a pandemia acometeu serviços de cirurgia geral de emergência, bem como elucidar os preditores e fatores que ocasionaram mudanças no manejo e intervenções cirúrgicas durante o surto de SARS-CoV-2

The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ