Antropología americana y museos estatales españoles: pasado, presente y ¿futuro?

The Museo Nacional de Antropología, at Madrid, became a centenary institution in the year 2010. Because of this, the author reviewed the distribution of the ethnographic heritage in the Spanish state museums. This article focuses on the American heritage, analyzing their historical and current belonging to a specific museum.El Museo Nacional de Antropología, en Madrid, celebró su primer centenario en el año 2010. Con este motivo, el autor realizó una revisión de la distribución de bienes culturales de naturaleza etnográfica que integran la colección estable de distintos museos españoles de titularidad y gestión estatal. En este artículo, esa revisión se ciñe a bienes de procedencia americana, analizando su asignación histórica y actual a un museo en concreto

América en el Museo Nacional de Antropología de Madrid

Este artículo se centra en las colecciones americanas del Museo Nacional de Antropología: su proceso de formación a lo largo del tiempo, su composición actual y los planes para futuras adquisiciones en relación con las tareas que tiene encomendadas esta institución

Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis using multifocal ERG data feature fusion

The purpose of this paper is to implement a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for multiple sclerosis (MS) based on analysing the outer retina as assessed by multifocal electroretinograms (mfERGs). MfERG recordings taken with the RETI?port/scan 21 (Roland Consult) device from 15 eyes of patients diagnosed with incipient relapsing-remitting MS and without prior optic neuritis, and from 6 eyes of control subjects, are selected. The mfERG recordings are grouped (whole macular visual field, five rings, and four quadrants). For each group, the correlation with a normative database of adaptively filtered signals, based on empirical model decomposition (EMD) and three features from the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) domain, are obtained. Of the initial 40 features, the 4 most relevant are selected in two stages: a) using a filter method and b) using a wrapper-feature selection method. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used as a classifier. With the optimal CAD configuration, a Matthews correlation coefficient value of 0.89 (accuracy = 0.95, specificity = 1.0 and sensitivity = 0.93) is obtained. This study identified an outer retina dysfunction in patients with recent MS by analysing the outer retina responses in the mfERG and employing an SVM as a classifier. In conclusion, a promising new electrophysiological-biomarker method based on feature fusion for MS diagnosis was identified.Agencia Estatal de InvestigaciónInstituto de Salud Carlos II

Regeneration of hyaline cartilage promoted by xenogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells embedded within elastin-like recombinamer-based bioactive hydrogels

Producción CientíficaOver the last decades, novel therapeutic tools for osteochondral regeneration have arisen from the combination of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and highly specialized smart biomaterials, such as hydrogel-forming elastin-like recombinamers (ELRs), which could serve as cell-carriers. Herein, we evaluate the delivery of xenogeneic human MSCs (hMSCs) within an injectable ELR-based hydrogel carrier for osteochondral regeneration in rabbits. First, a critical-size osteochondral defect was created in the femora of the animals and subsequently filled with the ELR-based hydrogel alone or with embedded hMSCs. Regeneration outcomes were evaluated after three months by gross assessment, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, showing complete filling of the defect and the de novo formation of hyaline-like cartilage and subchondral bone in the hMSC-treated knees. Furthermore, histological sectioning and staining of every sample confirmed regeneration of the full cartilage thickness and early subchondral bone repair, which was more similar to the native cartilage in the case of the cell-loaded ELR-based hydrogel. Overall histological differences between the two groups were assessed semi-quantitatively using the Wakitani scale and found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). Immunofluorescence against a human mitochondrial antibody three months post-implantation showed that the hMSCs were integrated into the de novo formed tissue, thus suggesting their ability to overcome the interspecies barrier. Hence, we conclude that the use of xenogeneic MSCs embedded in an ELR-based hydrogel leads to the successful regeneration of hyaline cartilage in osteochondral lesions.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Project (MAT2016-78903-R, MAT2016-9 79435-R, MAT2013-42473-R, MAT2013-41723-R and MAT2012-38043)Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación – Ref. VA244U13, VA313U14 and GRS/516/A/10

Repli-Fósil-3D: Aplicación técnicas de replicación 3D para la mejora de las colecciones utilizadas en la docencia práctica del área de Paleontología

En este proyecto se ha pretendido perfeccionar la docencia práctica de las asignaturas del ámbito de la Paleontología y de las actividades divulgativas impartidas por el departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, y por lo tanto mejorar el grado de aprendizaje del alumnado, mediante el uso de modelos y réplicas impresas en 3D de diferentes grupos fósiles que, por diversos motivos (escasez de muestras en nuestros laboratorios, tamaño o fragilidad), no pueden ser correctamente observados y/o manipulados por el alumnado. Esto ha permitido al profesorado del área de Paleontología adaptar las prácticas docentes y actividades divulgativas a los requerimientos de la sociedad y universidad actuales.The aim of this project has been to improve the practical teaching of subjects in the field of Paleontology and in other dissemination activities carried out by the Department of Stratigraphy and Paleontology, in order to enhance the student learning. To do so, this project printed 3D models and replicas of different fossil groups which, for various reasons (scarcity of samples in our laboratories, size or fragility), cannot be correctly observed and/or manipulated by students. This has allowed the teaching staff of the Paleontology area to adapt their teaching practices and dissemination activities to the requirements of today's society and university

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

EducaFarma 11.0

Memoria ID2022-036. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2022-2023

EducaFarma 9.0

Memoria ID-020 Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2020-2021

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide